Speech - oral function Flashcards
what breaks down starch
salivary amylase
what combines with the food to form the bolus
water
what are the 2 functions of swallowing
protective and feeding
describe the protective and feeding function of swallowing
Process by which the accumulated food bolus is transported through the lower pharynx and oesophagus to the stomach (feeding function)
Prevents ingested material from entering the lower airway (protective function)
- choke
how is swallowing potentially dangerous
the foodway crosses the airway
swallowing solid foods
Chewed food material accumulates on the pharyngeal part of tongue and vallecula (oro-pharynx).
There is no true posterior oral seal.
swallowing liquids
Liquids are gathered on the tongue, anterior to the pillars of the fauces
The mouth is separated from the pharynx by a posterior oral seal
- True oral phase (unlike solid food – no seal)
The liquid ‘bolus’ is then propelled through the oro- and hypo-pharynx, and then into the oesophagus
key difference in swallowing liquids and solids
Liquids are swallowed from the mouth proper;
- Oral Seal
Solids are swallowed from the oro-pharynx
- No oral seal
Both are moved rapidly through the hypopharynx past the laryngeal inlet
squeeze back mechanism
The forward movement of the tongue during the occlusal and initial opening phases creates a contact between the tongue and the hard palate.
The contact zone moves progressively backwards, squeezing the processed food through the fauces.
the 3 events/phases in swallowing
Propulsion of food
Prevention of ‘reflux’
Protecting the airway
why does the duration of masticatory phases vary
durations of masticatory sequence components vary to different extents with food consistency
- not with age
how strong does the swallowing forces need to be
swallowing forces need to be strong enough to move the bolus uphill as well as downhill
Masseter muscle problem effect the process of swallowing
- Need to stabilise masticatory system to swallow
5 methods of preventing reflux
Elevation of soft palate
Tongue (sides) contacts pillars of fauces
Tongue (dorsum) contacts posterior pharyngeal wall
Upper oesophageal sphincter
- Reflux from oesophagus into pharynx
Lower oesophageal sphincter
- Reflux from stomach into oesophagus
dorsum of tongue
top side
ventral of tongue
underside
erosion
Stomach acid can erode teeth by reflux, vomiting, regurgitation and rumination
When palatal surface erosion is present, stomach acid is responsible in two thirds of cases.
- Query Bulimia
Cupping on palatal aspect of teeth (concave area)
cupping of palatal surface of teeth characteristic of
eroision
what can lead to erosion on the labial surface of teeth
high consumption of fizzy drinks
what can be used to gage whether teeth have been lost
if still have occlusal vertical dimension
attrition
tooth wear occlusally caused by contact between occluding teeth
- The teeth inter-digitate indicating that attrition is occurring.
bruxism – grinding/ clenching at night
- Parafunction
Equal amounts between upper and lower
Central nervous system controlled – stress
- Have to manage consequence, cannot truly treat only reduce effect
- Night guards
what controls attrition?
Central nervous system controlled – stress
- Have to manage consequence, cannot truly treat only reduce effect
- Night guards
abrasion
caused by biting or chewing objects between the teeth for example tobacco pipes, nails, pens, toothbrushes
- notch like lesion in cervical area
what is the most common presentation of tooth wear
combination of erosion and abrasion
Acids weaken the outer 3-5 microns of mineralised tissue and increase the susceptibility of the enamel and dentine to abrasion from tooth brushing with or without toothpaste.
abfractions
stress lesions
Wedge-shaped notch caused by flexure and ultimate material fatigue of susceptible teeth at locations away from the point of loading (cervical regions).
- Common cervical region of premolars
The break down is dependent on the magnitude, duration, frequency and location of the occlusal forces.
- Stress accumulates on area due to high tooth load