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BDS2 BAMS > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways of administering respiratory drugs

A
  • inhalation (use the drug topically)
  • oral
  • intravenous
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2
Q

inhaler adminstration

A

drug use topically

  • powder doesn’t make it to the alveoli, air flow gets slower, particles drop out of suspension and land on airway wall
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3
Q

drugs that are used to improve ventilation

A

improve airway patency

  • bronchodilators
  • anti-inflammatory
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4
Q

bronchodilators cause

A

airways to open more
(increase diameter)
can ventilate alveoli more

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5
Q

beta 2 agonist

A

bronchodilator

e. g. salbutamol
- stimulate beta receptors casing them to dilate

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6
Q

anticholinergic

A

bronchodilator

- prevent muscle constriction, opening airways

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7
Q

2 types of bronchodialtors

A

beta 2 agonists

anticholinergic

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8
Q

salbutamol is what type of drug?

A

beta 2 agonist (bronchodilators)

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9
Q

how do anti-inflammatories improve airway patency?

A

shrink the lining mucosa (increase diameter)
- corticosteroid

switch off inflammatory process so mucosa shrinks in size

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10
Q

how does preventing mast cell degranulation improve airway patentcy?

A

preventative therapy, stop processes happening which lead to narrowing of airways

e. g.
- Chromoglycate
- Leukotriene receptor antagonist

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11
Q

drugs that prevent mast cell degraulation

A
  • Chromoglycate

- Leukotriene receptor antagonist

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12
Q

drug that acts as an anti-inflammatory

A

corticosteroid

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13
Q

what does ventilation allow?

A

important gas exchange to occur
- Allows more to be ventilated

Ventilation poor = compromised gas exchange = failure

Easier to ventilate – more gas exchange

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14
Q

basic function of lungs

A

gas exchange in alveoli and ventilate to allow gas exchange

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15
Q

3 ways in which ventilation can be compromised

A

Want wide dilating airways – patent

Inflammation on the alveoli constricts the airways

Inflammation and swelling of mucosa lining

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16
Q

3 types of drugs which can improve ventilation

A

bronchodilators

anti-inflammatory

prevent mast cell degranulation

ALL IMPROVE AIRWAY PATENCY

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17
Q

2 drugs types that impair ventilation

A

beta blockers

respiratory depressants

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18
Q

what and how do respiratory depressants work?

A

slow down the brains desire to breathe

  • benzodiasepines
  • opoids (high doses shut off respiratory drive, so die)
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19
Q

2 types of drug that improves gas exchange

A

respiratory stimulants

oxygen

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20
Q

respiratory stimulant example

A

theophyline

stimulates respiratory drive

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21
Q

oxygen as a drug

A

given in greater concentration than room air

e.g. if Disease of alveoli = more difficult for oxygen to get for gas exchange, give greater concentrations of oxygen

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22
Q

how is an inhaled drug delivered?

A

suspended drug in air, drug falls out of suspension and lands on airways

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23
Q

2 methods of inhaled drug delivery

A

meter dose inhaler (MDI) - puffer

breath activated devices
- spinhaler, turbohaler

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24
Q

meter dose inhaler (MDI)

A

a.k.a puffer

suspended drug in air, drug falls out of suspension and lands on airways

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25
disadvantage of MDI
Very high velocity suspension, | - may not get round first bend in lungs, lots of the powder in aerosol ends up in mouth not in lungs
26
2 types of breath activated devices
- spinhaler | - turbohaler
27
advantage of breath activated devices
Slower rate of air so more of the powder reaches the lungs Improve drug delivery to lungs, reduce drug delivery to the mouth
28
2 aids of respiratory drug delivery
nebuliser spacers
29
nebuliser
aids drug delivery - Mask with liquid chamber and connector - Blow air up through tube, bubbles through liquid and inhale from mask an aerosol of bubbles - Higher concentration than inhaler - Acute asthma attack can deliver a large volume of oxygen quickly
30
spacer devices
aids drug delivery Variety of sizes - Take the powder in aerosol, aerosol is held in the cannister into the patient is ready to inhale the drug - Can have multiple puffs in spacer before patient inhaled – increase concentration of drug delivered - reduces high velocity issue
31
2 types of beta agonists
short acting (4 hours) long acting (8-12 hours)
32
short acting beta agonists examples (2)
- salbutamol (blue inhaler) | - terbutaline (blue inhalers)
33
blue inhalers can be....
salbutamol or terbutaline short acting beta agoinist
34
long acting beta agonist examples
salmeterol (green inhaler)
35
green inhalers contain
salmeterol
36
what do beta agonists do?
stimulate beta 2 receptors in lungs lungs dilate - airways wider and easier to breathe
37
onset and duration of short acting beta agonists
``` quick onset (2-3mins) lasts 4-6 hours ```
38
3 routes of administration for short acting beta agonists
- inhaled - oral - intravenous
39
what are short acting beta agonists used to treat?
acute bronchial constriction e.g. asthma attack, breathing issue in premature labour
40
onset and duration of long acting beta agonists
``` slow onset (1-2 hours) lasts 12-15 hours - need to be used less often ```
41
route of administration of long acting beta agonist
inhaled
42
use of long acting beta agonist
prevent acute bronchial constriction ALWAYS use with an inhaled steroid - cardiac death risk
43
role of anticholinergic
inhibit muscarinic nerve transmission in autonomic nerves additive effect in bronchial dilation and reducing mucus secretion
44
example of anticholinergic
Ipratropium (grey inhaler)
45
grey inhaler contains
Ipratropium
46
role of corticosteroids
reduce inflammation in bronchial walls effective topically or systemically
47
corticosteroid examples
Beclomethasone (Brown inhaler) Budesonide (Brown inhaler) Fluticosone (Orange inhaler) Mometasone (pink inhaler)
48
brown inhalers contain
Beclomethasone or Budesonide different shades indicate different concentrations
49
orange inhalers contain
Fluticosone
50
pink inhalers contain
Mometasone
51
whats is the strongest asthma medication?
Mometasone (pink inhaler)
52
what inhaler would mild asthma sufferers have?
blue and brown salbutamol and inhaled steroid
53
what are compound preparations?
Inhaled steroid with long acting beta agonists Mixed together into one device for patient ease – not take both when they need to (usually neglect the brown one, feel no effect but it is important)
54
example of compound preparations?
Seretide (fluticasone/salmeterol)
55
how can compound preparations be taken?
puffer or disc inhaler
56
example of mast cell stabiliser
chromoglycate
57
role of mast cell stabiliser
Stop mast cell degranulating which triggers the asthma attack Gritty to inhale – not pleasant
58
role of leukotriene inhibitors
Tablets that reduce the inflammatory triggers in airway walls
59
example of leukotriene inhibitor
Montelukast - inhibits the one of key inflammatory mediators, blocks it, inflammation cannot proceed
60
why is it important to ensure patient receives the same respiratory drug brand?
Different drugs and drug brands have different bioavailability Need to ensure that the patient has the same brand so same effect in lungs
61
role of theophylines
Prevents wheezing and shortness of breath Relaxes airway muscles, opening up breathing passages and decreasing the lungs response to irritants
62
white oxygen cylinders
for emergency use
63
black oxygen cylinders
larger than emergency ones. Available in hospitals
64
oxygen concentrator function
Removes the nitrogen in air and leaves with concentrated oxygen Allows raised oxygen concentration with less mechanical delivery Cannot generate 100% but most patients do not need 100% all of the time

BDS2 BAMS (54 decks)

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