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BDS2 BAMS > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways of administering respiratory drugs

A
  • inhalation (use the drug topically)
  • oral
  • intravenous
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2
Q

inhaler adminstration

A

drug use topically

  • powder doesn’t make it to the alveoli, air flow gets slower, particles drop out of suspension and land on airway wall
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3
Q

drugs that are used to improve ventilation

A

improve airway patency

  • bronchodilators
  • anti-inflammatory
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4
Q

bronchodilators cause

A

airways to open more
(increase diameter)
can ventilate alveoli more

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5
Q

beta 2 agonist

A

bronchodilator

e. g. salbutamol
- stimulate beta receptors casing them to dilate

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6
Q

anticholinergic

A

bronchodilator

- prevent muscle constriction, opening airways

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7
Q

2 types of bronchodialtors

A

beta 2 agonists

anticholinergic

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8
Q

salbutamol is what type of drug?

A

beta 2 agonist (bronchodilators)

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9
Q

how do anti-inflammatories improve airway patency?

A

shrink the lining mucosa (increase diameter)
- corticosteroid

switch off inflammatory process so mucosa shrinks in size

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10
Q

how does preventing mast cell degranulation improve airway patentcy?

A

preventative therapy, stop processes happening which lead to narrowing of airways

e. g.
- Chromoglycate
- Leukotriene receptor antagonist

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11
Q

drugs that prevent mast cell degraulation

A
  • Chromoglycate

- Leukotriene receptor antagonist

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12
Q

drug that acts as an anti-inflammatory

A

corticosteroid

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13
Q

what does ventilation allow?

A

important gas exchange to occur
- Allows more to be ventilated

Ventilation poor = compromised gas exchange = failure

Easier to ventilate – more gas exchange

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14
Q

basic function of lungs

A

gas exchange in alveoli and ventilate to allow gas exchange

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15
Q

3 ways in which ventilation can be compromised

A

Want wide dilating airways – patent

Inflammation on the alveoli constricts the airways

Inflammation and swelling of mucosa lining

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16
Q

3 types of drugs which can improve ventilation

A

bronchodilators

anti-inflammatory

prevent mast cell degranulation

ALL IMPROVE AIRWAY PATENCY

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17
Q

2 drugs types that impair ventilation

A

beta blockers

respiratory depressants

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18
Q

what and how do respiratory depressants work?

A

slow down the brains desire to breathe

  • benzodiasepines
  • opoids (high doses shut off respiratory drive, so die)
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19
Q

2 types of drug that improves gas exchange

A

respiratory stimulants

oxygen

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20
Q

respiratory stimulant example

A

theophyline

stimulates respiratory drive

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21
Q

oxygen as a drug

A

given in greater concentration than room air

e.g. if Disease of alveoli = more difficult for oxygen to get for gas exchange, give greater concentrations of oxygen

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22
Q

how is an inhaled drug delivered?

A

suspended drug in air, drug falls out of suspension and lands on airways

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23
Q

2 methods of inhaled drug delivery

A

meter dose inhaler (MDI) - puffer

breath activated devices
- spinhaler, turbohaler

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24
Q

meter dose inhaler (MDI)

A

a.k.a puffer

suspended drug in air, drug falls out of suspension and lands on airways

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25
Q

disadvantage of MDI

A

Very high velocity suspension,

- may not get round first bend in lungs, lots of the powder in aerosol ends up in mouth not in lungs

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26
Q

2 types of breath activated devices

A
  • spinhaler

- turbohaler

27
Q

advantage of breath activated devices

A

Slower rate of air so more of the powder reaches the lungs

Improve drug delivery to lungs, reduce drug delivery to the mouth

28
Q

2 aids of respiratory drug delivery

A

nebuliser

spacers

29
Q

nebuliser

A

aids drug delivery

  • Mask with liquid chamber and connector
  • Blow air up through tube, bubbles through liquid and inhale from mask an aerosol of bubbles
  • Higher concentration than inhaler
  • Acute asthma attack can deliver a large volume of oxygen quickly
30
Q

spacer devices

A

aids drug delivery
Variety of sizes

  • Take the powder in aerosol, aerosol is held in the cannister into the patient is ready to inhale the drug
  • Can have multiple puffs in spacer before patient inhaled – increase concentration of drug delivered
  • reduces high velocity issue
31
Q

2 types of beta agonists

A

short acting (4 hours)

long acting (8-12 hours)

32
Q

short acting beta agonists examples (2)

A
  • salbutamol (blue inhaler)

- terbutaline (blue inhalers)

33
Q

blue inhalers can be….

A

salbutamol or terbutaline

short acting beta agoinist

34
Q

long acting beta agonist examples

A

salmeterol (green inhaler)

35
Q

green inhalers contain

A

salmeterol

36
Q

what do beta agonists do?

A

stimulate beta 2 receptors in lungs

lungs dilate - airways wider and easier to breathe

37
Q

onset and duration of short acting beta agonists

A 
quick onset (2-3mins)
lasts 4-6 hours
38
Q

3 routes of administration for short acting beta agonists

A
  • inhaled
  • oral
  • intravenous
39
Q

what are short acting beta agonists used to treat?

A

acute bronchial constriction

e.g. asthma attack, breathing issue in premature labour

40
Q

onset and duration of long acting beta agonists

A 
slow onset (1-2 hours)
lasts 12-15 hours - need to be used less often
41
Q

route of administration of long acting beta agonist

A

inhaled

42
Q

use of long acting beta agonist

A

prevent acute bronchial constriction
ALWAYS use with an inhaled steroid
- cardiac death risk

43
Q

role of anticholinergic

A

inhibit muscarinic nerve transmission in autonomic nerves

additive effect in bronchial dilation and reducing mucus secretion

44
Q

example of anticholinergic

A

Ipratropium (grey inhaler)

45
Q

grey inhaler contains

A

Ipratropium

46
Q

role of corticosteroids

A

reduce inflammation in bronchial walls

effective topically or systemically

47
Q

corticosteroid examples

A

Beclomethasone (Brown inhaler)

Budesonide (Brown inhaler)

Fluticosone (Orange inhaler)

Mometasone (pink inhaler)

48
Q

brown inhalers contain

A

Beclomethasone or Budesonide

different shades indicate different concentrations

49
Q

orange inhalers contain

A

Fluticosone

50
Q

pink inhalers contain

A

Mometasone

51
Q

whats is the strongest asthma medication?

A

Mometasone (pink inhaler)

52
Q

what inhaler would mild asthma sufferers have?

A

blue and brown

salbutamol and inhaled steroid

53
Q

what are compound preparations?

A

Inhaled steroid with long acting beta agonists

Mixed together into one device for patient ease
– not take both when they need to (usually neglect the brown one, feel no effect but it is important)

54
Q

example of compound preparations?

A

Seretide (fluticasone/salmeterol)

55
Q

how can compound preparations be taken?

A

puffer or disc inhaler

56
Q

example of mast cell stabiliser

A

chromoglycate

57
Q

role of mast cell stabiliser

A

Stop mast cell degranulating which triggers the asthma attack

Gritty to inhale – not pleasant

58
Q

role of leukotriene inhibitors

A

Tablets that reduce the inflammatory triggers in airway walls

59
Q

example of leukotriene inhibitor

A

Montelukast

  • inhibits the one of key inflammatory mediators, blocks it, inflammation cannot proceed
60
Q

why is it important to ensure patient receives the same respiratory drug brand?

A

Different drugs and drug brands have different bioavailability

Need to ensure that the patient has the same brand so same effect in lungs

61
Q

role of theophylines

A

Prevents wheezing and shortness of breath

Relaxes airway muscles, opening up breathing passages and decreasing the lungs response to irritants

62
Q

white oxygen cylinders

A

for emergency use

63
Q

black oxygen cylinders

A

larger than emergency ones. Available in hospitals

64
Q

oxygen concentrator function

A

Removes the nitrogen in air and leaves with concentrated oxygen

Allows raised oxygen concentration with less mechanical delivery

Cannot generate 100% but most patients do not need 100% all of the time

BDS2 BAMS (54 decks)

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