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BDS2 BAMS > Skin and Soft Tissue Infections > Flashcards

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards

1
Q

2 ways to classify soft tissue infection

A

by microbe
- bacteria; fungi; virus

by anatomy
- superficial; deeper tissue

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2
Q

basic description of S.aureus

A

Gram positive cocci

Clump together under light microscope

From pus from skin infection

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3
Q

virulence factor of S.aureus

A

Panton Valentine Leucocidin toxin
- PVL toxin

Attacks white cells

Punch outer cell membrane of epithelial cells

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4
Q

2 disease types of S.aureus

A

pyogenic (pus producing)

toxin mediated (signs and symptoms due to particular toxins made, e.g. endotoxins)

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5
Q

pyogenic disease caused by S.aureus

A

Boils, carbuncles

Wound infections

Abscesses

Impetigo

Mastitis

Pneumonia

Endocarditis

Bacteraemia

Osteomyelitis

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6
Q

toxin mediated diseases caused by S.aureus

A

Scaled skin syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome

Food poisoning

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7
Q

basic structure of S.pyogenes

A

e.g. Group A streptococcal infection (pus forming)

Chains (not clumps like grapes)

Gram positive

Haemolysis around colonies (white dots)
- Beta haemolysis – clearing

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8
Q

virulence factor of S.pyogenes

A

Superantigens

Present as Toxic Shock Syndrome

Production of particular antigen 
- Effect of it on immune system is disproportional 
- Bypass some of the usual controls 
Innocuous injury 
- Small amount of toxin – over react to

If don’t treat the pt quickly they will have disease progression

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9
Q

classic presentation/disease of S.pyogenes

A

cellulitis

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10
Q

basic description of S.anginosus

A

Gram positive

Chains

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11
Q

virulence factor of S.anginosus

A

intermedilysin (cytotoxin)

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12
Q

disease of S.anginosus

A

acute dental absecess

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13
Q

example of an anaerobe

A

Clostridium perfringens

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14
Q

basic structure of anaerobes

A

purple rice shaped structures (rods/bacilli)

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15
Q

virulence factor of anaerobes

A

Alpha toxin(lecithinase)

Enzyme breaks down fatty acid in outer cell membrane
- Allows infection to spread
The nagler reaction
- Coat plate with egg white, streaks across top, inhibition of lecthinase proves C.perfringens is present

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16
Q

example of a virus

A

herpes simplex group

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17
Q

basic structure of herpes simplex group

A

DNA virus

envelope around
- fried egg virus

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18
Q

virulence factor of herpes simplex group

A

cell lysis

- part of virus life cycle when activated it causes cell lysis

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19
Q

disease of herpes simplex group

A

cold sores

genital herpes

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20
Q

what is candida albicans

A

fungi

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21
Q

basic structure of canidida albicans

A

Yeast cells with hyphae

- 10 times bigger than bacteria

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22
Q

virulence factor of candida albicans

A

Phospholipase

- Breaks down phospholipids found in cell membrane

23
Q

disease caused by candid albicans

A

Oropharyngeal candidiasis, vulvovaginal (genital) candidiasis and invasive candidiasis (candidemia)

24
Q

epidermis infections are

A

superficial

25
examples of superficial epidermis infections
Impetigo and angular cheilitis (only Angle of the mouth) - Crusted lesion - Group A streptococci common cause - Staph aureus also Outbreaks can occur in nursery - Need quick diagnosis and appropriate control Chicken pox - varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Herpes zoster – shingles, reactivation in later life - Scratchy, itchy – get secondary infections -----Staph aureus Herpes infection of skin used to be common occupational hazard for dentists
26
common cause of impetigo or angular chellitis
- Group A streptococci common cause | - Staph aureus also
27
clinical presentation of impetigo/angular chellitis
crusted lesion
28
what causes chicken pox
varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Herpes zoster – shingles, reactivation in later life
29
what are the 2 secondary issues of chicken pox
Herpes zoster – shingles, reactivation in later life Scratchy, itchy – get secondary infections - Staph aureus
30
example of dermis infection
Erysipelas Facial – butterfly rash Common cause: group A strep Often swab and fail to recover a pathogen - Innocuous injury which causes widespread reaction
31
common cause of Erysipelas
group A strep
32
clinical presentation of Erysipelas
facial butterfly rash
33
3 diseases of hair follicles
Folliculitis Boils (furuncle) Carbuncles
34
cause of folliculitis
Staph aureus
35
cause of boils (furuncle)
Deeper seated infection | Staph aureus
36
cause of carbuncles
deeper seated infection with multiple heads in same area staph aureus hard to treat
37
disease of subcutaneous fat
cellulitis
38
causes of cellulitis
group A strep staph aureus ``` more severe cases: - Strep pyogenes - Staph aureus - Introduce anaerobes Depends on nature and extent of minor injury - Dirty, puncture ```
39
clinical measurement tool for cellulitis
Objective marker part of medical/surgical assessment - Edge of area of redness Idea of spreading or receding infection
40
what causes severe odontogenic infections
mixture of anaerobes
41
disease of fascia
Necrotising fasciitis
42
what is Necrotising fasciitis
Combination of subcutaneous fat and tissue overlying muscles
43
what can occur in Necrotising fasciitis
gas gangrene | - pockets of gas and fluid produced with clostridium infection
44
what is the optimal treatment of Necrotising fasciitis
combination: antibiotics and debridement | - Neither will cure/manage on its own
45
diseases of muscle
myonecrosis - gas gangrene too gangrene
46
cause of myonecrosis
clostridium perfingens
47
common infection of surgical/post op wounds
staph aureus
48
clinical appearance of surgical/post op wounds
red swollen painful
49
possible infectors of human bite wound infection
mixed anaerobes
50
possible infectors of animal bite wound infections
gram negative Pasteurella multicoda
51
treatment principles for soft tissue infections
History and examination Special investigation Record provisional and diagnosis in notes Combination Treatment: SURGICAL DEBRIDEMENT AND ANTIBIOTICS Need both medicine and incision and drainage to certain of pus Review
52
what is Empiric prescribing
``` Good guess of main causative MO outside head and neck ----Group A streptococcal (S.pyogenes) -----Staph aureus ------Anaerobes Antibiotic for each ``` ``` Severe od - Strep anginosus - Anaerobes Cannot take antibiotics orally IV penicillin ```
53
what is the advantage of a narrow spectrum over a broad spectrum antibiotic? (penicillin V over amoxycillin)
only work on oral flora unlike broad spectrum | - likely be less resistance

BDS2 BAMS (54 decks)

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