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BDS2 BAMS > Anatomy lab 2 - Dental Eruption > Flashcards

Anatomy lab 2 - Dental Eruption Flashcards

1
Q

when do lower central incisors erupt

A

6 months

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2
Q

when do upper central incisors erupt

A

8-12 months

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3
Q

when do upper lateral incisors erupt

A

9-13 months

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4
Q

when do lower lateral incisors erupt

A

10-16 months

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5
Q

when do upper first molars erupt

A

13-19 months

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6
Q

when do lower first molars erupt

A

14-18 months

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7
Q

when do upper canines erupt

A

16-22 months

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8
Q

when do lower canines erupt

A

17-23 months

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9
Q

when do lower second molars erupt

A

23-21 months

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10
Q

when do upper second molars erupt

A

25-33 months

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11
Q

order of eruption of deciduous dentition

A 
81, 71
51, 61
52, 62
82, 72
54, 64
84, 74
53, 63
83, 73
85, 75
55, 65
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12
Q

5 purposes of primary teeth

A

Reserve space for permanent successors

Help development of speech

Help aid good nutrition

Missing or decayed teeth makes mastication difficult
- more likely to reject food

Healthy start to permanent teeth
- decay and infection on primary teeth can cause dark spots on adult teeth developing beneath them

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13
Q

what age do permanent teeth begin erupting

A

6 years

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14
Q

when do lower first permanent molar erupt

A

6-7 years

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15
Q

when do upper first permanent molars erupt

A

6-7 years

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16
Q

when do permanent lower central incisors erupt

A

6-7 years

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17
Q

when do permanent lower lateral incisors erupt

A

7-8 years

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18
Q

when do permanent upper central incisors erupt

A

7-8 years

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19
Q

when do permanent upper lateral incisors erupt

A

8-9 years

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20
Q

when do permanent lower canines erupt

A

9-10 years

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21
Q

when do permanent upper first premolars erupt

A

10-11 years

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22
Q

when do permanent lower first premolar erupt

A

10-12 years

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23
Q

when do permanent upper second molar erupt

A

10-12 years

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24
Q

when do permanent lower second premolars erupt

A

11-12 years

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25
Q

when do permanent upper canines

A

11-12 years

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26
Q

when do permanent lower second molars erupt

A

11-13 years

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27
Q

order of eruption of permanent teeth

A 
36, 46
16, 26
31, 41
11, 21
12, 21
33, 43
14, 2
34, 44
17, 18
35, 45
13, 23
37, 47

8s

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28
Q

at what age are most permanent teeth erupted by

A

13

3rd molars between 17 and 21

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29
Q

synchondrosis

A

A primary cartilaginous joint

Mainly found in the developing skeleton (e.g. growth plates)
- adult example – between the first rib and sternum

Hyaline cartilage between the two bone surfaces with very little movement permitted
- Bone replacing cartilage, when replaced fully by bone = growth stops

30
Q

locations of secondary cartilaginous joint/symphysis (3)

A

midline of body
inter-vertebral discs
pubic symphysis of pelvis

31
Q

spheno-occipital synchondrosis

A

Between the sphenoid and occipital bones

Allows growth of the base of the skull

32
Q

when is the spheno-occipital synchondrosis open until

A

16-20 years

33
Q

role of spheno-occipital synchondrosis

A

Persists throughout growth and development

Allows growth to occur
- Proliferate
- Expand 
Space for permanent molars
Maxilla expanding backwards and space for nasopharynx
34
Q

ossification centre

A

Starting point for bone growth

Some bones in skull develop from several ossification centres, which later fuse into a single bone

First ossification centre to appear is the primary ossification centre

35
Q

endochondral ossification

A

cartilage laid down first followed by bone

36
Q

intramembranous

A

bone laid down directly into mesenchyme (early embryonic tissue)

37
Q

long bone is where

A

arms and legs

38
Q

ossification of long bones

A

Cartilage precursor

Endochondral ossification

Cartilage Starts to expand 
- Can grow through interstitial growth whereas 
- Can divide
- Bone laid down onto something 
BV enter cartilage when get big enough

Cartilage begins to calcify when large enough

  • Bone can be laid onto
  • Primary ossification centres

Secondary ossification centres at either end

  • Maintain a cartilaginous plate in between them
  • —Synchondrosis - primary cartilaginous joint
  • —Allows bone to keep growing, replacing cartilage by bone and until growth stops
39
Q

ossification of skull

A

both types

endochondral

  • occipital bone
  • mandible

intra membraneous
- rapidly growing bones (frontal, partietal) - surrounding the brain

40
Q

which area of the skull forms by endochondral ossification

A

bottom area (occipital, manidble)

rest is intramembraneous

41
Q

how many ossification centres does the occipital bone have

A

6 centres

- 2 paired and 1 single

42
Q

when do the ossification centres of the occipital bone fuse

A 
squamous parts (3/4) fused by birth 
the rest fuse by 6/7 years
43
Q

fontanelles

A

Tough Membranous areas ‘soft spots’ between bones of calvarium (neurocranium)

Allow for compression and overlap of bones during birthing
- Head can appear slightly distorted for several days following birth

Also important for continued rapid growth of brain after baby is born

44
Q

2 roles of fontanelles

A

Allow for compression and overlap of bones during birthing
- Head can appear slightly distorted for several days following birth

Also important for continued rapid growth of brain after baby is born

45
Q

how many fontanelles are there

A

6 TOTAL

1 anterior
1 posterior
2 mastoid (posterolateral)
2 sphenoidal (anterolateral)

46
Q

order in which fontanelles close postpartum

A

Between 1-3 months – posterior fontanelle

around 6 months – sphenoidal (anterolateral) fontanelle

Between 6-18 months - Mastoid (posterolateral)
fontanelle

by around 2 years – anterior fontanelle

47
Q

when does the posterior fontanelle close

A

1-3 months post partum

48
Q

when does the sphenoidal fontanelles (anterolateral) close

A

around 6 months post partum

49
Q

when does the mastoid fontanelles (posterolateral) close

A

between 6-18 months post partum

more variable

50
Q

when does the anterior fontanelle close

A

around 2 years post partum

51
Q

posterior fontanelle is between

A

parietal and occipital bones

52
Q

sphenoidal (anterolateral) fontanelle is between

A

parietal, frontal, sphenoid and temporal bones

53
Q

mastoid (posterolateral) fontanelle is between

A

occipital, parietal and temporal bones

54
Q

anterior fontanelle is between

A

parietal and frontal bones

55
Q

apart from fontanelles where are other areas of growth in the skull

A

sutures

56
Q

what are sutures

A

fibrous joints in the skull

limited movement

allow growth

move together with age - can completely ossify in adults

57
Q

what is the new name of the frontal fontanelle when it is closed

A

bregma

58
Q

what is the new name of the posterior fontanelle when it is closed

A

lambda

59
Q

what is the name of the suture in the frontal bone of a fetal skull

A

metopic suture

60
Q

when does the metopic suture close

A

2-5 years post birth

10-15% of population will retain it till adulthood
- no effect clincally

61
Q

what is the joint of the 2 mandibular bones called in the fetal skull

A

mental symphsis

62
Q

viscerocranium

A

facial skeleton

63
Q

neurocranium/calvarium

A

bones surrounding the brain

64
Q

growth rate variations between the facial skeleton and the neurocranium

A

Facial skeleton ‘catches up’ with neurocranium in proportions from fetal to adult versions

Calvarium to facial proportions are approx.

  • 8:1 at birth
  • 4:1 at 5 years
  • 2.5:1 in adult life

After birth facial skeleton grows forwards and downwards with dentition to catch up with neurocranium

65
Q

when is the facial skeleton growth slower than the neurocranium

A

Proportions are different in foetal skull because brain development most important before birth but skull needs to be small enough for passage through birth canal.

Face grows as dentition develop and in response to muscles of mastication
- Teeth not required at birth for feeding

66
Q

what is the difference in the angle of the mandible in adult Vs foetal skull

A

angle of mandible is more obtuse in fetal skull

Adult more acute angle due to downward and forward growth of ramus to accommodate the developing dentition

67
Q

what is the Pterion

A

Closed sphenoidal fontanelle
(Important landmark)

Coming together of 4 bones
Frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal

68
Q

why is the Pterion an important landmark

A

Weak thin bone
- middle meningeal artery pass deep to this area

Blow here could fracture bone and hit artery

69
Q

when and how does the mastoid process develop

A

indistinct as an foetus
- Mastoid bump behind ear

Develop with pull of neck muscles and development of air cells with age

70
Q

tympanic ring

A

opening to ear external auditory meatus

Adult grows outwards so more plate shape

71
Q

when a mental symphysis is open it is

A

fibrous

early development

BDS2 BAMS (54 decks)

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