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dish the dirt Flashcards

1
Q

how many links are in the chain of infection

A

6

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2
Q

how to stop infection spread

A

break the chain of infection as early as possible

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3
Q

what are the 6 links in the chain of infection

A

infectious agent

reservoir

portal of exit

means of transmission

portal of entry

susceptible host

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4
Q

what is a common cause for contamination in dental surgery

A

aerosols

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5
Q

which areas in the dental surgery had the highest level of contamination following 12 Tx session

A

Scaling followed by cavity preps

Aerosol peaks within 30 mins

No aerosols detected in waiting area

No aerosolised blood detected

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6
Q

% of contamination after treatment before cleaning of 3 in 1 syringe buttons

A

40%

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7
Q

% of contamination after treatment before cleaning of tap handle

A

20%

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8
Q

% of contamination after treatment before cleaning of light handle

A

18%

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9
Q

% of contamination after treatment before cleaning of operating cart handle

A

10%

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10
Q

% of contamination after cleaning of 3 in syringe buttons

A

10% (drop from 40%)

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11
Q

% of contamination after cleaning of tap handles

A

4% (drop from 20%)

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12
Q

% of contamination after cleaning of light handle

A

18%

no change

  • forgot to be cleaned
  • touched after cleaning
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13
Q

% of contamination after cleaning of operating cart handle

A

2% (drop form 10%)

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14
Q

4 classes in spaudling classification

A

critical (high risk)

semi critical (medium risk)

non critical (low risk)

minimal risk

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15
Q

critical (high risk) spaudling class

A

Items in contact with normally sterile body sites

Forceps, periodontal scaler

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16
Q

examples of critical (high risk) spaudling class

A

Forceps, periodontal scaler

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17
Q

semi-critical (medium risk) spaudling class

A

Items in contact with intact mucous membranes

Dental handpiece, mirror

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18
Q

examples of semi-critical (medium risk) spaudling class

A

Dental handpiece, mirror

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19
Q

non critical (low risk) spaudling class

A

Items in contact with intact skin

light cure

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20
Q

example of non critical (low risk) spaudling class

A

Light cure

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21
Q

minimal risk spaulding classification

A

Items not normally in contact with intact skin

Dental chair

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22
Q

example of minimal risk spaulding classification

A

Dental chair

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23
Q

how should low risk (non-critical) items be cleaned

A

Decontamination process

  • Cleaned or chemically disinfected
  • Detergent wipe
24
Q

how should minimal risk items be cleaned

A

Cleaned

- Chemically disinfected in risk assessed circumstances

25
what are house keeping surfaces
non-critical environment surface - Not directly touched during dental treatment and carry the lowest risk of disease transmission Wall, floor, sink etc
26
what are clinical contact surfaces
Contaminated from patient materials either by direct spray or spatter generated during dental procedures (aerosols_ or By contact with gloved hands of dental health care personnel - Light, spittoon, drawer handles, computer Need to remove gloves – hand hygiene and gloves replaced
27
antibiogram
an overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of a specific microorganism to a battery of antimicrobial drugs.
28
what are 2 types of transmission
direct or indirect
29
what is the most common transmission method for infection
skin contact | - hand hygiene
30
how long can influenza A & B survive on steel and plastic
24-28hrs
31
how long can influenza A & B survive on cloth, paper, and tissues
<8-12hrs
32
what are key objects to consider for transmission
objects that are commonly touched but not cleaned - Keyboard - Light switch - Tap handles - Remote controls - Seats - Telephone
33
what is a consequence of GDPs being exposed to infections more than normal people
have significantly raised antibody titres compared to controls e.g. flu A & B, RSV
34
what are common portal of entrys
mouth, noe, ear - touch hair, ear, mouth, nose often without realising
35
SICPs
standard infection control precautions help prevent infectious agent - National Infection Prevention and Control Manual
36
what are 3 important things to consider when assessing reservoirs for infectious agents in the dental surgery
surface design and material cleaning - hospital standard in detergent wipe (should disinfectant be used to?) declutter preventing recontamination - don't have exposed instruments not needed for that pt out
37
cleaning definition
The physical removal of contamination
38
what 5 things does cleaning require
Water Detergency Mechanical action Temperature Time
39
4 common issues with surface cleaning
Body fluids form surfaces films = facilities bug attachment - Charged organic soils more difficult to remove and protect bugs from dehydration Visual assessment of cleanliness = poor measure of invisible soiling Visual clean can = large numbers of bugs and residues Cleaning process potential to recontaminate surfaces with organic soil and microbes - Buckets/mops & solutions OK for deep clean or for surgery not used for a while but not for between pt
40
definition of detergent
A group of synthetic organic water soluble agents that have wetting agent, emulsifying and soil holding properties
41
what are the 4 EU detergent regulations
Biodegradability Specific labelling requirements Provision of data Restriction on Phosphates
42
disinfection definiton
A process for the removal or destruction of microbes not usually including bacterial spores Quantitative definition - ability to produce a 5 log reduction in a defined bacterial population
43
high level disinfectant
Kills all microbes (including mycobacteria) but not large numbers of bacterial spores Usually require longer contact time (hours)
44
low level disinfectant
Kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi and some viruses in a practical period of time (<10 mins)
45
what are 4 factors that can impact disinfectant efficacy
Organic matter When dried or coagulated matter Time of exposure Coverage of large or irregular areas
46
what are the limitations of using disinfectant wipes
There can be a short exposure time to the disinfectant - How long time to wait before can use the environment - Contact time - wipes roughly 1 min (some used to be 4hrs) Incomplete coverage with large surface areas Other factors can interfere - surface properties etc disinfectant and detergent are compatible with work surfaces ----not damage ----smooth no joins that could get trapped
47
portal of exit can be limited by use of what in dental tx
rubber dam - helps with moisture and good aerosol control
48
5 moments for hand hygiene
before touching a pt before clean/aseptic procedures after body fluid exposure/risk after touching a pt after touching pt surroundings
49
what can protect staff and pt
PPE covers portal of entry - protects against splashes and splatter
50
4 items of PPE that must be worn by all chairside team at all time
apron mask glasses/visors gloves
51
what could be the infectious agent
anything - take all precautions
52
what can influence the reservoir
Surface design, Surface material, Cleaning, Role of detergents
53
what can help control the portal of exit
good aerosol control and rubber dam placement
54
2 common modes of transmission
hands fomites (on objects or materials)
55
who is a susceptible host
everyone | - vaccinations can limit
56
what can prevent infectious agents entering host
PPE

BDS2 BAMS (54 decks)

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