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BDS2 BAMS > dish the dirt > Flashcards

dish the dirt Flashcards

1
Q

how many links are in the chain of infection

A

6

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2
Q

how to stop infection spread

A

break the chain of infection as early as possible

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3
Q

what are the 6 links in the chain of infection

A

infectious agent

reservoir

portal of exit

means of transmission

portal of entry

susceptible host

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4
Q

what is a common cause for contamination in dental surgery

A

aerosols

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5
Q

which areas in the dental surgery had the highest level of contamination following 12 Tx session

A

Scaling followed by cavity preps

Aerosol peaks within 30 mins

No aerosols detected in waiting area

No aerosolised blood detected

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6
Q

% of contamination after treatment before cleaning of 3 in 1 syringe buttons

A

40%

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7
Q

% of contamination after treatment before cleaning of tap handle

A

20%

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8
Q

% of contamination after treatment before cleaning of light handle

A

18%

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9
Q

% of contamination after treatment before cleaning of operating cart handle

A

10%

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10
Q

% of contamination after cleaning of 3 in syringe buttons

A

10% (drop from 40%)

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11
Q

% of contamination after cleaning of tap handles

A

4% (drop from 20%)

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12
Q

% of contamination after cleaning of light handle

A

18%

no change

  • forgot to be cleaned
  • touched after cleaning
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13
Q

% of contamination after cleaning of operating cart handle

A

2% (drop form 10%)

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14
Q

4 classes in spaudling classification

A

critical (high risk)

semi critical (medium risk)

non critical (low risk)

minimal risk

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15
Q

critical (high risk) spaudling class

A

Items in contact with normally sterile body sites

Forceps, periodontal scaler

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16
Q

examples of critical (high risk) spaudling class

A

Forceps, periodontal scaler

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17
Q

semi-critical (medium risk) spaudling class

A

Items in contact with intact mucous membranes

Dental handpiece, mirror

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18
Q

examples of semi-critical (medium risk) spaudling class

A

Dental handpiece, mirror

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19
Q

non critical (low risk) spaudling class

A

Items in contact with intact skin

light cure

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20
Q

example of non critical (low risk) spaudling class

A

Light cure

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21
Q

minimal risk spaulding classification

A

Items not normally in contact with intact skin

Dental chair

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22
Q

example of minimal risk spaulding classification

A

Dental chair

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23
Q

how should low risk (non-critical) items be cleaned

A

Decontamination process

  • Cleaned or chemically disinfected
  • Detergent wipe
24
Q

how should minimal risk items be cleaned

A

Cleaned

- Chemically disinfected in risk assessed circumstances

25
Q

what are house keeping surfaces

A

non-critical environment surface
- Not directly touched during dental treatment and carry the lowest risk of disease transmission

Wall, floor, sink etc

26
Q

what are clinical contact surfaces

A

Contaminated from patient materials either by direct spray or spatter generated during dental procedures (aerosols_
or

By contact with gloved hands of dental health care personnel
- Light, spittoon, drawer handles, computer

Need to remove gloves – hand hygiene and gloves replaced

27
Q

antibiogram

A

an overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of a specific microorganism to a battery of antimicrobial drugs.

28
Q

what are 2 types of transmission

A

direct or indirect

29
Q

what is the most common transmission method for infection

A

skin contact

- hand hygiene

30
Q

how long can influenza A & B survive on steel and plastic

A

24-28hrs

31
Q

how long can influenza A & B survive on cloth, paper, and tissues

A

<8-12hrs

32
Q

what are key objects to consider for transmission

A

objects that are commonly touched but not cleaned

  • Keyboard
  • Light switch
  • Tap handles
  • Remote controls
  • Seats
  • Telephone
33
Q

what is a consequence of GDPs being exposed to infections more than normal people

A

have significantly raised antibody titres compared to controls
e.g. flu A & B, RSV

34
Q

what are common portal of entrys

A

mouth, noe, ear

  • touch hair, ear, mouth, nose often without realising
35
Q

SICPs

A

standard infection control precautions

help prevent infectious agent
- National Infection Prevention and Control Manual

36
Q

what are 3 important things to consider when assessing reservoirs for infectious agents in the dental surgery

A

surface design and material

cleaning
- hospital standard in detergent wipe (should disinfectant be used to?)

declutter

preventing recontamination
- don’t have exposed instruments not needed for that pt out

37
Q

cleaning definition

A

The physical removal of contamination

38
Q

what 5 things does cleaning require

A

Water

Detergency

Mechanical action

Temperature

Time

39
Q

4 common issues with surface cleaning

A

Body fluids form surfaces films = facilities bug attachment
- Charged organic soils more difficult to remove and protect bugs from dehydration

Visual assessment of cleanliness = poor measure of invisible soiling

Visual clean can = large numbers of bugs and residues

Cleaning process potential to recontaminate surfaces with organic soil and microbes
- Buckets/mops & solutions
OK for deep clean or for surgery not used for a while but not for between pt

40
Q

definition of detergent

A

A group of synthetic organic water soluble agents that have wetting agent, emulsifying and soil holding properties

41
Q

what are the 4 EU detergent regulations

A

Biodegradability

Specific labelling requirements

Provision of data

Restriction on Phosphates

42
Q

disinfection definiton

A

A process for the removal or destruction of microbes not usually including bacterial spores

Quantitative definition - ability to produce a 5 log reduction in a defined bacterial population

43
Q

high level disinfectant

A

Kills all microbes (including mycobacteria) but not large numbers of bacterial spores

Usually require longer contact time (hours)

44
Q

low level disinfectant

A

Kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi and some viruses in a practical period of time (<10 mins)

45
Q

what are 4 factors that can impact disinfectant efficacy

A

Organic matter

When dried or coagulated matter

Time of exposure

Coverage of large or irregular areas

46
Q

what are the limitations of using disinfectant wipes

A

There can be a short exposure time to the disinfectant

  • How long time to wait before can use the environment
  • Contact time - wipes roughly 1 min (some used to be 4hrs)

Incomplete coverage with large surface areas

Other factors can interfere
- surface properties etc
disinfectant and detergent are compatible with work surfaces
—-not damage
—-smooth no joins that could get trapped

47
Q

portal of exit can be limited by use of what in dental tx

A

rubber dam
- helps with moisture and

good aerosol control

48
Q

5 moments for hand hygiene

A

before touching a pt

before clean/aseptic procedures

after body fluid exposure/risk

after touching a pt

after touching pt surroundings

49
Q

what can protect staff and pt

A

PPE
covers portal of entry
- protects against splashes and splatter

50
Q

4 items of PPE that must be worn by all chairside team at all time

A

apron

mask

glasses/visors

gloves

51
Q

what could be the infectious agent

A

anything - take all precautions

52
Q

what can influence the reservoir

A

Surface design, Surface material, Cleaning, Role of detergents

53
Q

what can help control the portal of exit

A

good aerosol control and rubber dam placement

54
Q

2 common modes of transmission

A

hands

fomites (on objects or materials)

55
Q

who is a susceptible host

A

everyone

- vaccinations can limit

56
Q

what can prevent infectious agents entering host

A

PPE

BDS2 BAMS (54 decks)

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