Specific immune system - lymphocytes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lymphocytes? What are the different types of lymphocyte?

A

white blood cells

B lymphocytes - mature in the bone marrow

T lymphocytes - mature in the thymus gland

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2
Q

What are the types of T lymphocyte?

A

T helper

T killer

T memory

T regulator

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3
Q

What is the function of T helper cells?

A

CD4 receptors on their cell-surface membranes

these bind to the surface antigens on the APCs

they produce interleukins (type of cytokine)

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the interleukins?

A

stimulate activity of B cells - increase antibody production

stimulates production of other types of T cells

attracts and strimulates macrophages to ingest pathogens with the antigen-antibody complex

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5
Q

What is the function of T killer cells?

A

destroy the pathogen carrying the antigen

produce a chemical called perforin

perforin kills the pathogen by making holes in the cell membrane so it is freely permeable

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6
Q

What is the function of T memory cells?

A

live for a long time and are part of the immunological memory

if they meet an antigen a second time, they divide rapidly to form a huge number of clones of T killer cells that destroy the pathogen

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7
Q

What is the function of T regulator cells?

A

supress the immune system

acting to control and regulate it

they stop the immune response once the pathogen has been eliminated and make sure the body recognises self antigens and does not set up an autoimmune response

interleukins are important in this control

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8
Q

What are the main types of B lymphocytes?

A

plasma cells

B effector

B memory

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9
Q

What is the function of plasma cells?

A

produce antibodies to a particular antigen and release them into circulation

an active plasma cells only lives for a few days but produces 2000 antibodies per second while it is alive and active

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10
Q

What is the function of B effector cells?

A

divide to form plasma cell clones

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11
Q

What is the function of B memory cells?

A

live for a long time and provide immunological memory

programmed to remember a antigen and enable the body to make a very rapid response when a pathogen carrying that antigen is encountered again

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