Plant cells and prokaryotic cells

Question 1

What is the structure and function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 1

contains stacks of thylakoid membranes called grana, this is where photosynthesis takes place

thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll

filled with a liquid called stroma

double membrane

Question 2

What is the structure and function of vacuoles?

Answer 2

consists of membrane called the tonoplasts, it is selectively permeable

filled with cell sap

(water solution of different substances including sugars, enzymes and pigments)

provides structure and support for the cell by pushing against the cell wall

Question 3

What is the structure and function of the cell wall?

Answer 3

made of polysaccharide cellulose, stores carbs

pores called plasmodesmata which connects the cytoplasm of plants together, enabling excchange

protect against invading pathogen

supports the cell and plant

contents of the cell press against the wall and make it rigid

Question 4

How is DNA held in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 4

single loop of DNA (referred to as the circular chromosome)

the loops of DNA are called plasmids

does not have a nuclear envelope and where the DNA lies is called the nucleoid

Question 5

Do prokaryotic cells have any membranes? And what surrounds the cell?

Answer 5

one - membrane, the cell surface membrane

cell wall made from peptidoglycan, not cellulose

often a slippery protective layer called the capsule

Question 6

What organelles do the prokaryotic cells contain?

Answer 6

ribosomes, much smaller than in the cells of eukaryotes

flagella - movement and environment sensory

pili allow bacteria to stick together

Question 7

How do prokaryotes gain resistance to a drug?

Answer 7

resistance is coded on the plasmid DNA

pass plasmids onto each other through binary fusion

Question 8

How do prokaryotes help humans?

Answer 8

yogurt and cheese production uses bacteria

in mammalian intestines, bacterial cells help with vitamin K production and help digest some foods