Specialised cells 2.1.6 (h,i)

Question 1

what is the level of organisation on multicellular organisms?

Answer 1

specialised cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism

Question 2

examples of specialised animal cells?

Answer 2

erythrocyte
neutrophil
sperm cell

Question 3

erythrocyte

Answer 3

flattened biconcave disc shape
increases the SA:V ratio

no nucleus or organelles
maximises storage of Hb

flexible and one cell thick
can fit through narrow capillaries

Question 4

neutrophils

Answer 4

multi-lobed nucleus
allows it to squeeze through small gaps

packed with lysosomes
contain lots of enzymes to attack pathogens

lots of mitochondria and golgi

loads of ribosomes

Question 5

sperm cell

Answer 5

has a flagella
allows for movement to swim

lots of mitochondria
to provide energy for movement

head contains acrosome
digestive enzyme which allows it to penetrate the egg surface

Question 6

example of specialised plant cells?

Answer 6

palisade cells
root hair cells
guard cells

Question 7

palisade cells

Answer 7

contain lots of chloroplast
absorbs large amounts of light

thin cell walls
short diffusion distance

has a large vacuole
maintains turgor pressure

Question 8

root hair cells

Answer 8

have long extension hairs
increases the SA

thin cellulose wall
short diffusion distance

vacuole containing ions and sugars
provides a low water potential to allow for water to move in by osmosis

Question 9

guard cells

Answer 9

have stomata
allow for CO2 to enter

guard cell wall is thicker on inner side
ensures shape of guard cell does not change

Question 10

what is a tissue?

Answer 10

a group of specialised cells which work together for a specific function

Question 11

example of specialised animal tissues

Answer 11

squamous epithelium
ciliated epithelium
cartilage
muscle

Question 12

squamous epithelium

Answer 12

made up of squamous epithelial cells

is one cell thick
short diffusion distance

Question 13

ciliated epithelium

Answer 13

made up of ciliated epithelial cells

have cilia
which allow for mucus to be wafted away from the lungs

have goblet cells
secrete mucus to trap dust and bacteria

Question 14

cartilage

Answer 14

connective tissue

made up of elastin and collagen
firm and flexible

Question 15

what are the types of animal tissue?

Answer 15

nervous
epithelial
muscle
connective

Question 16

nervous tissue

Answer 16

adapted to support the transmission of electrical impulses

Question 17

epithelial tissue

Answer 17

adapted to cover body surfaces

Question 18

muscle tissue

Answer 18

adapted to contract

Question 19

connective tissue

Answer 19

adapted to hold other tissue together

Question 20

what are the types of plant tissue?

Answer 20

epidermis
vascular

Question 21

epidermis

Answer 21

adapted to cover plant surfaces

Question 22

vascular

Answer 22

adapted to transport water and nutrients

Question 23

examples of specialised plant tissue

Answer 23

epidermis
xylem
phloem

Question 24

epidermis

Answer 24

covers the surface of plants

has a waxy cuticle
reduces the loss of water

has stomata
to allow for gaseous exchange

Question 25

xylem

Answer 25

transports water and minerals

composed of elongated dead cells

walls strengthened by lignin
provides structural support for plants

Question 26

phloem

Answer 26

transports assimilates

composed of sieve tube cells

separated by sieve plates
are perforated

Question 27

what is an organ?

Answer 27

a collection of tissues which work together for a specific function

Question 28

what is an organ system?

Answer 28

a collection of organs which work together for a specific function

Question 29

examples of organ systems in animals

Answer 29

digestive system
cardiovascular system
gaseous exchange system