Factors affecting enzyme activity 2.1.4 (d)

Question 1

what factors effect enzyme activity?

Answer 1

temperature
substrate concentration
enzyme concentration
pH

Question 2

how does temperature affect enzyme activity positively?

Answer 2

as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of substrate and enzyme particles will also increase which means they move faster

therefore they are more likely to collide with eachother successfully so more ESCs will form

with more ESCs formed the reaction rate will be higher

Question 3

what is the temperature coefficient?

Answer 3

how much the rate of reaction increases with a 10 degrees rise in temperature

Question 4

what is the equation for Q10?

Answer 4

R2/R1

Question 5

how does temperature negatively affect enzyme activity?

Answer 5

at higher temperatures, the bonds holding the protein in the tertiary structure vibrate and eventually break

this causes a change in the tertiary structure of a protein which means that the active site is no longer complimentary to the substrate

the enzyme is now denatured

Question 6

what is the optimum temperature?

Answer 6

temperature at which an enzyme had the highest rate of activity

Question 7

how does a change in pH affect enzyme activity?

Answer 7

either and increase or decrease in pH leads to a change in the concentration of hydrogen ions

this change results in R-group interactions to be disrupted and a change in the tertiary structure follows

the active site will no longer be complimentary to the substrate so the enzyme is now denatured

Question 8

how does increasing the enzyme concentration affect enzyme activity?

Answer 8

increasing the enzyme concentration increases the number of enzymes which are available so more ESCs can be formed

Question 9

when does substrate concentration become the limiting factor?

Answer 9

when the substrate concentration is too low and there are too many empty active sites

Question 10

how does increasing the substrate concentration affect enzyme activity?

Answer 10

increasing the substrate concentration increases the number of substrate molecules which can bind to the enzyme so more ESCs can form

Question 11

when does enzyme concentration become the limiting factor?

Answer 11

when there is not enough enzyme molecules for the substrates to all bind to an enzyme