Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 2.1.3 (a,b,d) Flashcards
what are the two types of nucleotide?
DNA
RNA
what do nucleic acids contain?
CHONP
what are the monomers of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
what is an individual nucleotide made up of?
- 5 carbon ring
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base
what happens when nucleotides undergo condensation reactions?
a polynucleotide is formed
what bonds form between adjacent nucleotides?
phosphodiester bonds
to form a sugar-phosphate backbone
what reaction breaks phosphodiester bonds?
hydrolysis
difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
deoxyribose has one less OH group
what are the two groups of DNA bases?
pyrimidines
purines
what are the two groups of DNA bases?
pyrimidines
purines
what are larger pyrimidines or purines?
purines as they have two carbon rings
pyrimidines have one carbon ring
what are the purine bases?
adenine
guanine
what are the pyrimidine bases?
cytosine
thymine
uracil
what are the structural features of DNA?
made up of many nucleotides
has a double-helix structure
hydrogen bonds between bases
the two strands run anti-parallel
adenine and?
thymine/uracil
cytosine and?
guanine
how many hydrogen bonds between C and G?
3
how many hydrogen bonds between A and T?
2
why is the sequence of bases important for genetics?
the sequence carries the generic information of an organism
what is RNA used fo?
allows for the transfer of genetic information from DNA to produce proteins used in the body
why is DNA unable to leave the nucleus?
is too long and large to fit through the nuclear pores
what is mRNA used for?
to allow the copy of a gene to leave the nucleus
RNA structure
ribose sugar
no thymine, instead uracil
steps for DNA extraction
grind sample in mortar
add detergent
add salt
add protease
add ethanol
