Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 2.1.3 (a,b,d) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what are the two types of nucleotide?

A

DNA
RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do nucleic acids contain?

A

CHONP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the monomers of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an individual nucleotide made up of?

A
  • 5 carbon ring
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogenous base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens when nucleotides undergo condensation reactions?

A

a polynucleotide is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what bonds form between adjacent nucleotides?

A

phosphodiester bonds

to form a sugar-phosphate backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what reaction breaks phosphodiester bonds?

A

hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

A

deoxyribose has one less OH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two groups of DNA bases?

A

pyrimidines
purines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the two groups of DNA bases?

A

pyrimidines
purines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are larger pyrimidines or purines?

A

purines as they have two carbon rings
pyrimidines have one carbon ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the purine bases?

A

adenine
guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the pyrimidine bases?

A

cytosine
thymine
uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the structural features of DNA?

A

made up of many nucleotides
has a double-helix structure
hydrogen bonds between bases
the two strands run anti-parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adenine and?

A

thymine/uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cytosine and?

A

guanine

17
Q

how many hydrogen bonds between C and G?

A

3

18
Q

how many hydrogen bonds between A and T?

A

2

19
Q

why is the sequence of bases important for genetics?

A

the sequence carries the generic information of an organism

20
Q

what is RNA used fo?

A

allows for the transfer of genetic information from DNA to produce proteins used in the body

21
Q

why is DNA unable to leave the nucleus?

A

is too long and large to fit through the nuclear pores

22
Q

what is mRNA used for?

A

to allow the copy of a gene to leave the nucleus

23
Q

RNA structure

A

ribose sugar
no thymine, instead uracil

24
Q

steps for DNA extraction

A

grind sample in mortar
add detergent
add salt
add protease
add ethanol

25
Q

grinding sample in mortar

A

breaks down the cell call

26
Q

adding detergent

A

dissolves the phospholipid bilayer and breaks down the cell surface membrane

27
Q

adding salt

A

causes the hydrogen bonds between DNA and water to break

28
Q

adding protease

A

breaks down histone proteins which hold the DNA strands together

29
Q

adding ice cold ethanol

A

allows the DNA to precipitate