Carbohydrates 2.1.2 (d,e,f,g)

Question 1

What is the general formula for Carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Cn H2n On

Question 2

What are carbohydrates made out of?

Answer 2

Made up of a repeating pattern of monosaccharides

Eg- glucose, fructose, ribose

Question 3

What happens when two monosaccharides combine?

Answer 3

A disaccharide forms

Question 4

What happens when two or more monosaccharides combine?

Answer 4

It is a polysaccharide

Eg- glycogen, cellulose, starch

Question 5

What saccharide is glucose?

Answer 5

It is a Hexose Monosaccharide

Question 6

alpha glucose

Answer 6

Question 7

beta glucose

Answer 7

Question 8

Can glucose dissolve in water?

Answer 8

They can because hydrogen bonds form between the hydroxyl group (which have a partial charge) and water molecules.

This means glucose can dissolve in water.

Question 9

What bond is formed when two glucose molecules undergo a condensation reaction?

Answer 9

A Glycosidic Bond

Question 10

Formation of maltose?

Answer 10

Glucose + Glucose —> Maltose

Question 11

Formation of sucrose?

Answer 11

Glucose + Fructose —> Sucrose

Question 12

What is a sugar with 5 carbons?

Answer 12

Pentose Monosaccharides

Eg- ribose and deoxyribose

Question 13

What is starch?

Answer 13

Glucose produced by photosynthesis in plant cells

Question 14

What type of glucose is starch made up of?

Answer 14

Alpha Glucose

Question 15

Properties of starch?

Answer 15

• is a LONG MOLECULE
  makes it INSOLUBLE and therefore a good storage molecules
• has a HELIX SHAPE
  which makes it COMPACT
• amylopectin has a BRANCHED STRUCTURE
  means that it has a large number of endpoints for hydrolysis to occur (more glucose can be stored/used)
• is EASILY HYDROLYSED
  means that it can quickly be broken quickly into glucose

Question 16

What bonding is in Amylose?

Answer 16

Only 1,4 bonds

Makes it harder to break as it has a linear structure

Question 17

What bonding is in Amylopectin?

Answer 17

1,4 and 1,6 bonds

Allows it to have a branched structure

Question 18

What is glycogen?

Answer 18

A store of glucose used to maintain blood glucose concentration

Question 19

Properties of glycogen?

Answer 19

• MORE BRANCHED than starch
  means that more glucose can be stored and used up
• is EASILY HYDROLYSED
  because of it’s branched structure
• is INSOLUBLE in water
  means that it wont interfere with the water potential
• is COMPACT
  means that it can be easily stored

Question 20

What bonding is in glycogen?

Answer 20

1,4 and 1,6 bonding which gives it it’s branched structure

Question 21

What is cellulose?

Answer 21

Found in cell wall and helps keep the plant stiff and strong

Question 22

Properties of cellulose?

Answer 22

• has a HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH
  because of hydrogen bonds forming between the 2 chains of cellulose
• has an ALTERNATED formation of glucose molecules
  this adds to the tensile strength
• is INSOLUBLE in water
  means that it wont interfere with the water potential
• FLEXIBLE
• INERT

Question 23

What bonding is in cellulose?

Answer 23

1,4 bonds

Hydrogen bonds between chains of cellulose

Question 24

what do short branches allow for?

Answer 24

more energy storage in a small space

Question 25

what are many cellulose chains together?

Answer 25

microfibrils

form h bonds between chains

Question 26

properties of glucose

Answer 26

soluble so it can be transported in the blood
small so it can diffuse across membranes
easily broken down to release energy
can form disaccharides