Enzyme inhibitors 2.1.4 (f)

Question 1

what is the role of an enzyme inhibitor?

Answer 1

to inactivate enzymes

Question 2

why might you want to control an enzyme reaction?

Answer 2

control the rate and quantity of product formed

Question 3

what are the two types of inhibition?

Answer 3

competitive
non-competitive

Question 4

outline competitive inhibition

Answer 4

molecule has a similar shape to the active site of an enzyme

molecule competes with the substrate over the active site and will bind to the active site

this prevents the formation of an ESC as the substrate is prevented from binding to the active site and thus the rate of reaction decreases

Question 5

what can be done to combat a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 5

by increasing the concentration of the substrate, the inhibitor is less likely to bind to the active site instead of the substrate

Question 6

affect of Vmax with competitive inhibition?

Answer 6

Vmax does not change

Vmax can still be reached if substrate concentration is increased

Question 7

outline non-competitive inhibition

Answer 7

an inhibitor will bind to the enzyme at it’s allosteric site

once bound, it causes a change in the bonding in the tertiary structure of an enzyme which causes it’s 3D shape to change and thus the active site as well

active site is no longer complimentary to the substrate so will not form an ESC which causes the rate of reaction to drop

Question 8

what is the affect of non-competitive inhibition on the rate of reaction?

Answer 8

increasing the enzyme or substrate concentration will have no affect on combatting non-competitive inhibitors

Question 9

what is end-product inhibition?

Answer 9

when the product produced by an enzyme controlled reaction inhibits the enzyme

Question 10

what is end-product inhibition an example of?

Answer 10

negative feedback

Question 11

what does end-product inhibition ensure?

Answer 11

that excess product is not produced and resources are not wasted

Question 12

how is ATP involved in end-product inhibition?

Answer 12

ATP competitively inhibits the enzyme PFK which breaks down glucose molecules to produce ATP

Question 13

when ATP levels are high

Answer 13

PFK is inhibited so less Glucose is broken down and ATP is produced less

Question 14

when ATP levels are low

Answer 14

PFK is able to catalyse the breakdown of Glucose to produce more ATP