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A&P I Final > Special Senses- Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Special Senses- Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Snellen

A

visual acuity

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2
Q

Ishihara

A

color blindness

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3
Q

Weber

A

conductive or sensory ability - hearing

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4
Q

Rhinne

A

air and bone conduction- hearing

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5
Q

Romberg

A

balance/equilibrium

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6
Q

Muscles of the eye

A 
lateral rectus
medial rectus
superior rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
superior oblique
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7
Q

lateral rectus

A

moves eye laterally (abducts)

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8
Q

medial rectus

A

moves eye medially (adducts)

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9
Q

superior rectus

A

moves eye superiorly (elevates) and medially (adducts)

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10
Q

inferior rectus

A

moves eye inferiorly (depresses) and medially (adducts)

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11
Q

inferior oblique

A

moves eye superiorly (elevates) and laterally (abducts)

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12
Q

superior oblique

A

moves eye inferiorly (depresses) and laterally (abducts)

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13
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

closes eyelid

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14
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

opens eyelid

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15
Q

eyelid

A

covers surface of eye

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16
Q

lacrimal gland and duct

A

produces lacrimal fluid and washes down duct to move with mucus

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17
Q

conjunctiva

A

continuous lining over external surface of eye and internal of eyelid

contains goblet cells that lubricate and moisten the eye; supplies nutrients and has nerves

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18
Q

fibrous tunic

A

cornea

sclera

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19
Q

cornea

A

protects anterior surface of eye; retracts (bends) incoming light

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20
Q

sclera

A

supports eye shape; protects delicate internal structures; extrinsic attachment site

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21
Q

vascular tunic (uvea)

A

choroid, ciliary body (gland), suspensory ligaments, iris, pupil

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22
Q

choroid

A

supplies nourishment to retina; pigment absorbs extraneous light

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23
Q

ciliary body (gland)

A

holds suspensory ligaments for lens, epithelium secretes aqueous humor

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24
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

transmit tension that enables lens to change shape

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25
iris
controls pupil diameter (how much light enters eye)
26
pupil
where light enters eye
27
sensory (nervous) tunic
retina pigmented layer, retina neural (nervous) layer, photo receptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic disc (blind spot), rods/cones, macula lute, fovea centralis
28
retina pigmented layer
absorbs extraneous light; provides vitamin A for photoreceptor cells
29
retina neural (nervous) layer
detects incoming light rays, convert to nerve signals and transmit to brain
30
photo receptors
outermost of retina contains pigment molecules that react to light energy (rods and cones)
31
bipolar cells
middle layer of retina dendrites have synapses from rods and cones- information converges as visual signals to go to brain
32
ganglion cells
innermost layer of retina neuronal convergence continues; axons extend into and through optic disc
33
optic disc (blind spot)
no photoreceptors; no image forms
34
rods
function in dim light blue on model
35
cones
function in high intensity light and color vision 3 kinds- red, green, blue red on model
36
macula lutea
houses fovea centralis
37
fovea centralis
area of sharpest vision- high concentration of cones
38
anterior segment/ cavity
between lens and cornea anterior chamber with aqueous humor- between iris and cornea posterior chamber with aqueous humor- between lens and iris aqueous humor- filtrate of blood plasma; circulation provides nutrients and oxygen to both lens and cornea, helps maintain chemical environment with anterior cavity of the eye
39
posterior segment/ cavity
contains vitreous humor- fills space between lens and retina; maintain eye shape, support retina flush against back of eye, transmits light from lens to retina
40
lens
focuses incoming light onto the retina; shape determines degree of light refraction
41
outer ear
pinna (auricle), external auditory canal, tympanic membrane (eardrum)
42
pinna (auricle)
protect entry into ear; direct sound waves into bony tube (external auditory canal)
43
external auditory canal
connects pinna and eardrum- directs sound into ear aka external acoustic meatus
44
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
vibrates to transmit sound waves to middle ear
45
middle ear
ear ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), pharyngotympanic tube (eustachian tube, auditory tube), oval (vestibular) window, round (cochlear) window
46
malleus
hammer- vibrates causing footplate of stapes to open into oval window
47
incus
anvil- vibrates causing footplate of stapes to open into oval window
48
stapes
stirrup- initiates pressure waves in fluid within closed compartment of inner ear
49
ear ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes allow sound to transmit through tympanic cavity
50
pharyngotympanic tube, eustachian tube, auditory tube
pressure equalization
51
oval (vestibular) window
amplify transmitted sound
52
round (cochlear) window
allows fluid in cochlea to move
53
inner ear
vestibule (saccule, utricle), semicircular canals (ampulla), cochlea (spiral organ of Corti, scala media, basilar membrane, vestibulocochlear nerve, sterereocilia/hairs, tectorial membrane
54
vestibule
saccule, utricle detect linear movements of head and static equilibrium of head
55
semicircular canals
ampulla detect rotational movement of the head
56
cochlea
spiral organ of Corti, scala media, basilar membrane, vestibulocochlear nerve, sterereocilia (hairs), tectorial membrane
57
spiral organ of Corti
hearing
58
scala media
cochlear duct extends through cochlea
59
basilar membrane
movement of basilar membrane causes distortion of sterereocilia
60
vestibulocochlear nerve
CN VIII
61
sterereocilia (hairs)
long, stiff microvilli covering apical surface of hairs; sensory receptors for hearing release neurotransmitter to sensory neurons that monitor activity
62
tectorial membrane
above sterereocilia ????

A&P I Final (15 decks)

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