Brain

Question 1

Basal nuclei (ganglia)

Answer 1

clusters of neuron cell bodies

regulate motor output and help inhibit unwanted movement

Question 2

central sulcus

Answer 2

marks boundary between frontal and parietal lobes

Question 3

cerebral cortex

Answer 3

external sheets of gray matter

cover surface of cerebrum

Question 4

cerebral hemispheres

Answer 4

two halves; LR

receive sensory information and send motor commands

Question 5

corpus callosum

Answer 5

connects hemispheres- main method of communication between hemispheres

Question 6

fornix

Answer 6

thin tract of white matter that connects hippocampus with other diencephalon limbic system structures

carries signals from hippocampus to mammillary bodies- critical for normal cognitive functioning

Question 7

frontal lobe

Answer 7

anterior part of cerebral hemisphere

higher intellectual functions; personality; verbal communication; voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles

Question 8

gray matter

Answer 8

motor neurons and interneuron cell bodies, capillary beds, dendrites, unmyelinated axons

Question 9

gyrus

Answer 9

bumps/hills- folds

increase surface area of cerebral cortex

Question 10

insula

Answer 10

small lobe deep to lateral sulcus

interpretation of taste, memory

Question 11

limbic system

Answer 11

composed of multiple cerebral and diencephalic structures that collectively process and experience emotions

emotional brain

Question 12

longitudinal fissure

Answer 12

separates cerebral hemispheres; extends along midsagittal plane

Question 13

occipital lobe

Answer 13

posterior region of hemispheres

conscious perception of visual stimuli; eye- focus movements; correlation of visuals with previous experiences

Question 14

parietal lobe

Answer 14

superoposterior

sensory interpretation of texture and shape; understand speech and formulate words to express thoughts and emotions

Question 15

postcentral gyrus

Answer 15

mass of nervous tissue immediately posterior to central sulcus

contains primary somatosensory cortex- touch, pressure, pain, temperature receptors

Question 16

precentral gyrus

Answer 16

mass of nervous tissue immediately anterior to central sulcus

contains primary motor cortex- movement for skeleton, speech, eyes

Question 17

sulcus

Answer 17

grooves/valleys/ shallow depressions between gyri

Question 18

temporal lobe

Answer 18

inferior to lateral sulcus

interpretation and storage of auditory and olfactory sensations, understand speech

Question 19

white matter

Answer 19

myelinated axons

contains tracts that allow for communication

Question 20

hypothalamus

Answer 20

anteroinferior region

master control of ANS and endocrine system, regulation of body temperature, control of emotional behavior, control of food and water intake, regulation of circadian rhythm

Question 21

intermediate mass of thalamus

Answer 21

interthalamic adhesion- small midline mass of gray matter that connects the right and left thalamic bodies

Question 22

optic chiasma

Answer 22

LR optic nerves (CN II) unite and travel to optic tracts

Question 23

pineal body (gland)

Answer 23

endocrine gland secretes hormone melatonin which appears to help regulate circadian rhythm

Question 24

pituitary gland

Answer 24

regulates vital body functions- growth, blood pressure, metabolism, etc.

Question 25

thalamus

Answer 25

paired oval masses of gray matter on both sides of third ventricle principle and final relay point for incoming sensory information, processes and projects to primary somatosensory cortex information filter of cerebrum- filters sights and sounds in busy coffee shop while studying

Question 26

corpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior colliculus)

Answer 26

relay stations in processing pathway of visual and auditory sensations superior- visual- eyes track moving object inferior- auditory- sound localization

Question 27

medulla oblongata

Answer 27

most caudal part and continuous with spinal cord contains pyramids and autonomic nuclei

Question 28

midbrain

Answer 28

superior portion; contains many structures

Question 29

pons

Answer 29

bridge- bulging region on anterior part of brainstem sensory and motor tracts connect brain to spinal cord

Question 30

arbor vitae

Answer 30

internal white matter tree life

Question 31

cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 31

LR anterior and posterior lobes separated by a primary fissure

Question 32

vermis

Answer 32

narrow band of cortex, lies along midline receives sensory input reporting torso position and balance

Question 33

commissural fibers

Answer 33

extend between cerebral hemispheres for communication

Question 34

longitudinal/ projection fibers

Answer 34

link cerebral cortex to both inferior brain regions and spinal cord

Question 35

association fibers

Answer 35

connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within same hemisphere

Question 36

cerebellum

Answer 36

second largest part of brain produces fine control over muscular actions and stores memories of movement

Question 37

cerebrum

Answer 37

conscious thought processes and origin of all complex intellectual functions

Question 38

olfactory bulb

Answer 38

contains synapses of CN I (olfactory)

Question 39

spinal cord

Answer 39

extends inferiorly from brain coming off spinal cord are rootlets that will form spinal nerves