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A&P I Final > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Basal nuclei (ganglia)

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies

regulate motor output and help inhibit unwanted movement

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2
Q

central sulcus

A

marks boundary between frontal and parietal lobes

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3
Q

cerebral cortex

A

external sheets of gray matter

cover surface of cerebrum

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4
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

two halves; LR

receive sensory information and send motor commands

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5
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects hemispheres- main method of communication between hemispheres

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6
Q

fornix

A

thin tract of white matter that connects hippocampus with other diencephalon limbic system structures

carries signals from hippocampus to mammillary bodies- critical for normal cognitive functioning

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7
Q

frontal lobe

A

anterior part of cerebral hemisphere

higher intellectual functions; personality; verbal communication; voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles

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8
Q

gray matter

A

motor neurons and interneuron cell bodies, capillary beds, dendrites, unmyelinated axons

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9
Q

gyrus

A

bumps/hills- folds

increase surface area of cerebral cortex

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10
Q

insula

A

small lobe deep to lateral sulcus

interpretation of taste, memory

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11
Q

limbic system

A

composed of multiple cerebral and diencephalic structures that collectively process and experience emotions

emotional brain

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12
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates cerebral hemispheres; extends along midsagittal plane

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13
Q

occipital lobe

A

posterior region of hemispheres

conscious perception of visual stimuli; eye- focus movements; correlation of visuals with previous experiences

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14
Q

parietal lobe

A

superoposterior

sensory interpretation of texture and shape; understand speech and formulate words to express thoughts and emotions

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15
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

mass of nervous tissue immediately posterior to central sulcus

contains primary somatosensory cortex- touch, pressure, pain, temperature receptors

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16
Q

precentral gyrus

A

mass of nervous tissue immediately anterior to central sulcus

contains primary motor cortex- movement for skeleton, speech, eyes

17
Q

sulcus

A

grooves/valleys/ shallow depressions between gyri

18
Q

temporal lobe

A

inferior to lateral sulcus

interpretation and storage of auditory and olfactory sensations, understand speech

19
Q

white matter

A

myelinated axons

contains tracts that allow for communication

20
Q

hypothalamus

A

anteroinferior region

master control of ANS and endocrine system, regulation of body temperature, control of emotional behavior, control of food and water intake, regulation of circadian rhythm

21
Q

intermediate mass of thalamus

A

interthalamic adhesion- small midline mass of gray matter that connects the right and left thalamic bodies

22
Q

optic chiasma

A

LR optic nerves (CN II) unite and travel to optic tracts

23
Q

pineal body (gland)

A

endocrine gland secretes hormone melatonin which appears to help regulate circadian rhythm

24
Q

pituitary gland

A

regulates vital body functions- growth, blood pressure, metabolism, etc.

25
Q

thalamus

A

paired oval masses of gray matter on both sides of third ventricle

principle and final relay point for incoming sensory information, processes and projects to primary somatosensory cortex

information filter of cerebrum- filters sights and sounds in busy coffee shop while studying

26
Q

corpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior colliculus)

A

relay stations in processing pathway of visual and auditory sensations

superior- visual- eyes track moving object
inferior- auditory- sound localization

27
Q

medulla oblongata

A

most caudal part and continuous with spinal cord

contains pyramids and autonomic nuclei

28
Q

midbrain

A

superior portion; contains many structures

29
Q

pons

A

bridge- bulging region on anterior part of brainstem

sensory and motor tracts connect brain to spinal cord

30
Q

arbor vitae

A

internal white matter

tree life

31
Q

cerebellar hemispheres

A

LR anterior and posterior lobes separated by a primary fissure

32
Q

vermis

A

narrow band of cortex, lies along midline

receives sensory input reporting torso position and balance

33
Q

commissural fibers

A

extend between cerebral hemispheres for communication

34
Q

longitudinal/ projection fibers

A

link cerebral cortex to both inferior brain regions and spinal cord

35
Q

association fibers

A

connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within same hemisphere

36
Q

cerebellum

A

second largest part of brain

produces fine control over muscular actions and stores memories of movement

37
Q

cerebrum

A

conscious thought processes and origin of all complex intellectual functions

38
Q

olfactory bulb

A

contains synapses of CN I (olfactory)

39
Q

spinal cord

A

extends inferiorly from brain

coming off spinal cord are rootlets that will form spinal nerves

A&P I Final (15 decks)

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