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Medical Terminology > Special Senses: Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Special Senses: Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

accommodation

A

a process in which the lens flattens to adjust to something seen at a distance, or thickens for close vision

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2
Q

aqueous humor

A

the fluid produced by the capillaries of the ciliary body; nourishes the cornea, gives shape to the anterior eye, and maintains an optimum intraocular pressure

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3
Q

cones

A

sensory receptors which are concentrated in the central area of the retina and are responsible for color vision

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4
Q

conjunctiva

A

a protective, thin mucous membrane lining the eyelids

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5
Q

cornea

A

the portion of the sclera that covers the anterior section of the eye and is transparent

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6
Q

extraocular muscle

A

attach the eyeball to the orbit and, on impulse from the cranial nerves, move the eyes

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7
Q

fovea

A

an area within the macula that contains only cones and provides the sharpest image

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8
Q

iris

A

a smooth muscle that contacts and relaxes to moderate the amount of light that enters the eye; colored part of the eye except in albinism, in which they are reddish-pink

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9
Q

lacrimal gland

A

tear gland, provides a constant source of cleansing and lubrication for the eye

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10
Q

lacrimation

A

the process of producing tears

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11
Q

lens

A

an avascular structure made of protein and covered by an elastic capsule held in place by thin strands of muscle that make up the ciliary body

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12
Q

macula lutea

A

during daylight, the area of the retina on which the light rays focus

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13
Q

meibomian gland

A

sebaceous glands for the eyelashes, secrete oil to lubricate the eyelashes

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14
Q

optic disk

A

the area that allows a natural blind spot in our vision; where the optic nerve leaves the retina to travel to the brain; there are no light receptors there

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15
Q

orbit

A

the protective, bony socket encasing each of our eyes

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16
Q

palpebral fissure

A

the area where the upper and lower eyelids meet

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17
Q

pupil

A

the dark area in the center of the iris where the light continues its progress through to the lens

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18
Q

refraction

A

bending of light rays (happens through the cornea) so that they are projected properly onto receptor cells in the eye

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19
Q

retina

A

the inner layer of the eye which contains the sensory receptors for images carried by the light rays

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20
Q

rods

A

sensory receptors which appear throughout the retina and are responsible for vision in dim light

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21
Q

sclera

A

means hard; the white of the eye; the outermost lateral and posterior portion of the eye

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22
Q

uvea

A

the middle, highly vascular layer of the eye

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23
Q

vitreous humor

A

jellylike substance between the lens and the retina which holds the choroid membrane against the retina to ensure an adequate blood supply

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24
Q

auricle

A

aka pinna; the flesh-covered cartilage of the outer ear where sound waves are initially gathered

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25
Q

cerumen

A

earwax; protects the ear with its antiseptic property and its stickiness, trapping foreign debris and moving it out of the ear

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26
Q

cochlea

A

part of the outer, bony labyrinth which is an organ of hearing

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27
Q

crista ampullaris

A

the semicircular canals detect dynamic equilibrium, or a sense of sudden rotation, through the function of a structure called the ___

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28
Q

eustachian tube

A

aka auditory tube; a mucous membrane-lined connection between the ears and the throat that equalizes pressure within the middle ear

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29
Q

external auditory canal

A

gathered sound is funneled into the ___

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30
Q

external auditory meatus

A

the opening of the outer ear

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31
Q

incus

A

anvil (ossicle)

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32
Q

labyrinth

A

aka inner ear; the organ of receptors for hearing and balance

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33
Q

macula

A

a specialized patch of epithelium found in both the utricle and the saccule that provides information about the position of the head and a sense of acceleration and deceleration

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34
Q

malleus

A

hammer (ossicle)

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35
Q

organ of Corti

A

The transmission of sound continues through the endolymph to the ___, where the hearing receptor cells (hairs) stimulate a branch of the eighth cranial nerve, the vestibulocochlear nerve, to transmit the information to the temporal lobe of the brain

36
Q

ossicular chain

A

the eardrum conducts sound to three tiny bones in the middle ear called the ___

37
Q

oval window

A

the ossicles transmit the sound to the ____ through the stapes

38
Q

pinna

A

aka auricle; the flesh-covered cartilage of the outer ear where sound waves are initially gathered

39
Q

saccule and utricle

A

within the vestibule, two saclike structures that function to determine the body’s static equilibrium

40
Q

stapes

A

stirrup (ossicle)

41
Q

tympanic membrane

A

eardrum, marks the end of the external ear and the beginning of the middle ear

42
Q

vestibule

A

part of the outer, bony labyrinth which functions to provide information about the body’s sense of equilibrium

43
Q

Impairment of color vision. Inability to distinguish between certain colors because of abnormalities of pigments produced by the retina. Color blindness is also called _____

A

Achromatopsia

44
Q

Progressive destruction of the macula, resulting in a loss of central vision, which is the most common visual disorder after the age of 75 is ____

A

age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)

45
Q

Dull or dim vision due to disuse is ____

A

amblyopia

46
Q

Condition of no lens, either congenital or acquired is ____

A

aphakia

47
Q

Swelling of the eyelid is ____

A

blepharedema

48
Q

Drooping of the upper eyelid is ______

A

blepharoptosis

49
Q

Progressive loss of transparency of the lens of the eye is _____

A

cataract

50
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, commonly known as pinkeye and is a highly contagious disorder is _____

A

conjunctivitis

51
Q

surgical repair of the occluded pupil

A

coreoplasty

52
Q

Inflammation of a lacrimal gland is _______

A

dascryoadentis

53
Q

What is the damage of the retina due to diabetes which is the leading cause of blindness?

A

diabetic retinopathy

54
Q

Double vision is _____

A

diplopia

55
Q

What is a protrusion of the eyeball form its orbit, that may be congenital or the result of an endocrine disorder?

A

exophthalmia

56
Q

Turning outward of one or both eyes is _____

A

exotropia

57
Q

Pertaining to the outside of the eye is ____

A

extraocular

58
Q

Incision of the orbital network of the eye to promote introcular circulation and decrease intraocular pressure

A

goniotomy

59
Q

Loss of half the visual field, often as the result of a cerebrovascular accident is _____

A

hemianopsia

60
Q

Inflammation of the cornea is ______

A

keratitis

61
Q

surgical repair of the cornea

A

keratoplasty

62
Q

a visual examination that allows a doctor to see inside the back of the eye

A

ophthalmoscopy

63
Q

condition in which the lens of the eye loses elasticity therefore its ability to focus, making it difficult to see objects up close is _____

A

presbyopia

64
Q

Lack of coordination between the eyes, typically due to a muscle weakness or paralysis, that is also referred to as a squint is ______

A

strabismus

65
Q

To measurement the intraocular pressure (IOP), in order to diagnose glaucoma

A

tonometry

66
Q

Removal of part or all of the vitreous humor

A

vitrectomy

67
Q

What is dry eye, or lack of adequate tear production to lubricate the eye, that is usually due to a bit A deficiency?

A

xerophthalmia

68
Q

Hearing loss or deafness

A

anacusis

69
Q

measuring hearing acuity for variations in sound intensity and pitch and for tonal purity is

A

audiometry

70
Q

Benign adenoma of the glands that produce earwax

A

ceruminoma

71
Q

an inflammatory contagious condition of the eardrum caused by viral or bacterial infection

A

infectious myringitis

72
Q

mastoiditis inflammation of the mastoid process of the temporal bone

A

mastoiditis

73
Q

Condition of abnormally small auricles

A

microtia

74
Q

procedure of lancing the tympanic membrane to allow ventilation of the middle ear space when the Eustachian tube is not functioning normally

A

myringostomy

75
Q

What is an earache, pain in the ear, also referred to as otodynia?

A

otalgia

76
Q

Inflammation of the middle of the ear is ____

A

otitis media (OM)

77
Q

Surgical repair of the ear

A

otoplasty

78
Q

Development of bone around the oval window with resulting ankylosis of the stapes to the oval window, resulting in progressive deafness

A

ostosclerosis

79
Q

Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope

A

otoscopy

80
Q

Abnormal hearing

A

paracusis

81
Q

age related hearing loss

A

presbycusis

82
Q

Removal of the third ossicle, the stapes, from the middle ear

A

stapedectomy

83
Q

Abnormal sound heard in one or both ears caused by trauma or disease; may be a ringing buzzing, or jingling

A

tinnitus

84
Q

Measurement of the condition and mobility function of the eardrum

A

tympanometry

85
Q

Surgical repair of the eardrum , with or without ossicular chain reconstruction

A

tympanoplasty

86
Q

Dizziness, abnormal sensation of movement when there is none, either of ones self moving or of objects moving around oneself. Can come from middle ear infections or the toxic effects of alcohol, sunstroke, and meds

A

vertigo

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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