Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
alimentary canal
the long tube in the body through which food passes after it is eaten
anus
Final sphincter in the GI tract
appendix
a worm-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine
cecum
firsts part of the large intestine
colon
aka large intestine
defecation
The process of releasing feces from the body. Bowel movement (BM)
deglutition
Swallowing
digestion
The breakdown of food
esphagus
A muscular, mucus-lined tube that extends from the throat to the stomach.
gallbladder
small sac found on the underside of the right lobe of the liver
large intestine
aka colon. Eliminates waste products from the body
liver
2 lobes form the liver. Filters and stores blood and forms bile, which emulsifies or mechanically breaks down fat into smaller particles so they can be chemically digested
mastication
Chewing
oral cavity
Food normally enters the body through the mouth and cavity.
pancreas
gland located in the upper left quadrant
peristalsis
is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles which propagates in a wave down a muscular tube, in an anterograde fashion
pylorus
a muscular valve that holds food in the stomach until it is ready for the next stage in the digestive process
rectum
Last straight part of the colon
sigmoid colon
S-shaped part of the large intestine
small intestine
The small intestine is a long, highly convoluted tube in the digestive system that absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from the food we eat
stomach
the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs, being (in humans and many mammals) a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the esophagus to the small intestine
a-
no, not, without
dia-
complete, through
dys-
abnormal bad
endo-
within
peri-
surrounding
re-
back
-chezia
condition of stools
-ectomy
removal, excision
-emesis
vomiting
-flux
flowing/ flow
-itis
inflammation
-pepsia
digestion
-phagia
eating, swallowing
-rrhaphy
suture
-rrhea
discharge, flow
-scopy
process of viewing
-stalis
contraction
-stomy
new opening
-tresia
condition of an opening
append/o, appendic/o
appendix
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
co/o, colon/o
colon
dent/i, odont/o
tooth
enter/o
small intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
hemat/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
herni/o
hernia
or/o
mouth, oral cavity
pancreat/o
pancreas
proct/o
rectum and anus
py/o
pus
pylor/o
pylorus
anastomosis
New connection between two hollow structures
appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
barium enema
lower gastrointestinal (GI) examination, is an X-ray examination of the large intestine
cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
colonoscopy
Viewing the lining of the colon
diarrhea
Abnormal discharge of watery, semisolid stools
diverticulosis
Development of diverticula, pouches in the lining of small or large intestine
dyspepsia
aka Indigestion is a mild discomfort in the upper belly or abdomen,it occurs during or right after eating.
dyshpagia
Difficulty with swallowing that may be due to an obstruction or a motor disorder
endoscopy
internal visualization of the body with an instrument called an endoscope. Enters the GI tract through many different opening
esophageal atresia
Esophagus that ends in a blind pouch and therefore lacks and opening into the stomach
gastroenteritis
your stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed
gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD
Flowing back, return of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus
hermatemesis
Vomiting of blood
hematochezia
Bright red, frank lower GI bleeding from the rectum that may originate in the distal colon. Bloody stools
hemoccult test
screening test which detects blood in the stool
hemorrhoid
Varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus
hepatitis
Inflammaton of the liver that is caused by an increasing number of viruses, alcohol, and drugs
herniorrhaphy
Hernia repair, suture of the hernia
ileus
Obstruction, lack of movement
inguinal hernia
Protrusion of a loop of intestine into the inguinal canal. May be indirect or direct
melena
Black, tarry stools caused by the presence of partially digested blood.
periodontal disease
Pathologic condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth
polyp
Benign growth that may occur in the intestines
pyloric stenosis
Condition in which the muscle between the stomach and the small intestine narrows or falls to open adequate to allow partially digested food into the duodenum
pyorrhea
Purulent discharge from the tissue surrounding the teeth, often seen with gingivitis
