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Medical Terminology > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alimentary canal

A

the long tube in the body through which food passes after it is eaten

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2
Q

anus

A

Final sphincter in the GI tract

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3
Q

appendix

A

a worm-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine

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4
Q

cecum

A

firsts part of the large intestine

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5
Q

colon

A

aka large intestine

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6
Q

defecation

A

The process of releasing feces from the body. Bowel movement (BM)

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7
Q

deglutition

A

Swallowing

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8
Q

digestion

A

The breakdown of food

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9
Q

esphagus

A

A muscular, mucus-lined tube that extends from the throat to the stomach.

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10
Q

gallbladder

A

small sac found on the underside of the right lobe of the liver

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11
Q

large intestine

A

aka colon. Eliminates waste products from the body

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12
Q

liver

A

2 lobes form the liver. Filters and stores blood and forms bile, which emulsifies or mechanically breaks down fat into smaller particles so they can be chemically digested

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13
Q

mastication

A

Chewing

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14
Q

oral cavity

A

Food normally enters the body through the mouth and cavity.

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15
Q

pancreas

A

gland located in the upper left quadrant

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16
Q

peristalsis

A

is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles which propagates in a wave down a muscular tube, in an anterograde fashion

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17
Q

pylorus

A

a muscular valve that holds food in the stomach until it is ready for the next stage in the digestive process

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18
Q

rectum

A

Last straight part of the colon

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19
Q

sigmoid colon

A

S-shaped part of the large intestine

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20
Q

small intestine

A

The small intestine is a long, highly convoluted tube in the digestive system that absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from the food we eat

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21
Q

stomach

A

the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs, being (in humans and many mammals) a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the esophagus to the small intestine

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22
Q

a-

A

no, not, without

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23
Q

dia-

A

complete, through

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24
Q

dys-

A

abnormal bad

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25
Q

endo-

A

within

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26
Q

peri-

A

surrounding

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27
Q

re-

A

back

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28
Q

-chezia

A

condition of stools

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29
Q

-ectomy

A

removal, excision

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30
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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31
Q

-flux

A

flowing/ flow

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32
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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33
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

34
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

35
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

36
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

37
Q

-scopy

A

process of viewing

38
Q

-stalis

A

contraction

39
Q

-stomy

A

new opening

40
Q

-tresia

A

condition of an opening

41
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

42
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

43
Q

co/o, colon/o

A

colon

44
Q

dent/i, odont/o

A

tooth

45
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

46
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

47
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

48
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

49
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

50
Q

herni/o

A

hernia

51
Q

or/o

A

mouth, oral cavity

52
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

53
Q

proct/o

A

rectum and anus

54
Q

py/o

A

pus

55
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

56
Q

anastomosis

A

New connection between two hollow structures

57
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

58
Q

barium enema

A

lower gastrointestinal (GI) examination, is an X-ray examination of the large intestine

59
Q

cholecystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

60
Q

colonoscopy

A

Viewing the lining of the colon

61
Q

diarrhea

A

Abnormal discharge of watery, semisolid stools

62
Q

diverticulosis

A

Development of diverticula, pouches in the lining of small or large intestine

63
Q

dyspepsia

A

aka Indigestion is a mild discomfort in the upper belly or abdomen,it occurs during or right after eating.

64
Q

dyshpagia

A

Difficulty with swallowing that may be due to an obstruction or a motor disorder

65
Q

endoscopy

A

internal visualization of the body with an instrument called an endoscope. Enters the GI tract through many different opening

66
Q

esophageal atresia

A

Esophagus that ends in a blind pouch and therefore lacks and opening into the stomach

67
Q

gastroenteritis

A

your stomach and intestines are irritated and inflamed

68
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD

A

Flowing back, return of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus

69
Q

hermatemesis

A

Vomiting of blood

70
Q

hematochezia

A

Bright red, frank lower GI bleeding from the rectum that may originate in the distal colon. Bloody stools

71
Q

hemoccult test

A

screening test which detects blood in the stool

72
Q

hemorrhoid

A

Varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus

73
Q

hepatitis

A

Inflammaton of the liver that is caused by an increasing number of viruses, alcohol, and drugs

74
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

Hernia repair, suture of the hernia

75
Q

ileus

A

Obstruction, lack of movement

76
Q

inguinal hernia

A

Protrusion of a loop of intestine into the inguinal canal. May be indirect or direct

77
Q

melena

A

Black, tarry stools caused by the presence of partially digested blood.

78
Q

periodontal disease

A

Pathologic condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth

79
Q

polyp

A

Benign growth that may occur in the intestines

80
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

Condition in which the muscle between the stomach and the small intestine narrows or falls to open adequate to allow partially digested food into the duodenum

81
Q

pyorrhea

A

Purulent discharge from the tissue surrounding the teeth, often seen with gingivitis

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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