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Medical Terminology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an-

A

no, not, without

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2
Q

hemi-

A

half

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3
Q

mono-

A

one

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4
Q

para-, par-

A

abnormal

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5
Q

poly-

A

many

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6
Q

quadri-

A

four

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7
Q

-al, -ar

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

-ectomy

A

removal

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9
Q

-esthesia

A

feeling

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10
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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11
Q

-ia

A

condition

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12
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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13
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

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14
Q

-lysis

A

destruction

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15
Q

-oma

A

tumor, mass

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16
Q

-paresis

A

slight paralysis

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17
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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18
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

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19
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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20
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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21
Q

cerebr/o

A

cereburm

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22
Q

cord/o, chord/o

A

spinal chord

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23
Q

crani/o

A

skull, cranium

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24
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

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25
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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26
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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27
Q

esthesi/o

A

feeling

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28
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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29
Q

meningi/o, mening/o

A

meninges

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30
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

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31
Q

narc/o

A

sleep

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32
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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33
Q

osm/o

A

sense of smell

34
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

35
Q

rhiz/o

A

nerve root

36
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

37
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

38
Q

autonomic nervous system ANS

A

Consist of nerves that regulate involuntary functions. Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

39
Q

Slender, elongated projection that carries the nervous impulse from the cell body to the next neuron is the ______

A

axon

40
Q

What connects the cerebral hemispheres to the spinal cord. Composed of the midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata?

A

Brainstem

41
Q

What is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. Only site which contains interneurons?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

42
Q

The _______ coordinates voluntary movement but is an involuntary in function

A

cerebellum

43
Q

Present in cavities of the brain (ventricles) is ______

A

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF

44
Q

Largest portion of the brain. Divided into hemispheres (lobes). Responsible for thinking, reasoning, and memory is _______

A

Cerebrum

45
Q

Conduct impulses between the brain and the head, neck, thoracic, and abdominal areas. 12 pairs. Part of the peripheral nervous system is ______

A

cranial nerves

46
Q

Covering unique to the CNS is ______

A

meninges

47
Q

What covers the axon?

A

myelin sheath

48
Q

31 pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord at the ______

A

nerve root

49
Q

Parenchymal cells; that carry out the work of the nervous system are _____

A

neuron

50
Q

Located at the synapse of the axon terminal and neuron dendrites is the ________

A

neruotransmiter

51
Q

Does the opposite of the sympathetic nervous system. What slows heart rate, lowers blood pressure, increases digestive functions, decreases adrenal and sweat gland activity?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

52
Q

rest and digest system is the ______

A

parasympathetic nervous syystem

53
Q

Composed of grey and white matter. Spinal nerves emerge from it at the nerve root is the _____

A

spinal cord

54
Q

31 pairs, part of the PNS. Mimic the organization of the vertebrae and provide innervation of the rest of the body is the ______

A

spinal nerves

55
Q

What Helps a person respond to perceived stress. Heart rate increases, blood pressure increases, slows digestion, increases sweat and adrenal gland secretions?

A

sympathetic nervous system

56
Q

fight or flight is the _______

A

sympathetic nervous system

57
Q

the Space where the neurotransmitter is released from the cell to travel across to the next cell is the ______

A

synapse

58
Q

Lack of sense of smell, without smell

A

anosmia

59
Q

Motor function disorder as a result of permanent, nonprogressive brain defect or lesion caused perinatally is ______

A

cerebral palsy (CP)

60
Q

Ischemia of cerebral tissue due to an occlusion/blockage from a thrombus or embolus or a result of a cerebral hemmorage. AKA: stroke, brain attack, and cerebral infarction is______

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

61
Q

What is an Incision of the spinal cord to relieve pain

A

cordotomy

62
Q

Removal of part of the skull

A

craniotomy

63
Q

Record of electrical activity of the brain

A

electroencephalography

64
Q

What is inflammation of the brain, most often cause by a mosquito bite?

A

enecephalitis

65
Q

Paralysis of the left or right side of the body is _____

A

hemiplegia

66
Q

Pertaining to the lower back.

A

Lumbar puncture

67
Q

Any infection or inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, most commonly due to viral infection is ______

A

meningitis

68
Q

Condition in which the spinal column has an abnormal opening that allows protrusion of the meninges and or the spinal cord is ______

A

meningomyelocete

69
Q

Neurodegenerative disease characterized by destruction of the myelin sheaths on the CNS neurons, demyelation, and their abnormal replacement by the gradual accumulation of hardening plaques.

A

multiple sclerosis (MS)

70
Q

X-ray of the spinal canal after the introduction of a radiopaque is ____

A

myelography

71
Q

What is a disorder characterized by sudden attack of sleep

A

narcolepsy

72
Q

Destruction of a nerve is ____

A

neruolysis

73
Q

Suture of a severe nerve is ______

A

neruorrhaphpy

74
Q

Slight paralysis of the lower limbs and trunk is

A

paraparesis

75
Q

Feeling of prickling, burning, or numbness is

A

paresthesia

76
Q

Neurogenerative disease characterized by tremors, fasciculations, slow shuffling gait, hypokinesia, dysphasia, dysphagia; progressive is ____

A

Parkinson disease PD

77
Q

Inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord caused by polio virus is ______

A

poliomyelitis

78
Q

Measurement and record of a number of functions while the patient is asleep. Most often used to diagnose sleep apnea is a ______

A

polysomnography PSG

79
Q

Paralysis of arm legs and trunk is _____

A

quadriplegia

80
Q

What is the resection of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve to relieve pain?

A

rhizotomy

81
Q

Pain control method effected by the application of electrical impulses to the skin is ____

A

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TENS

82
Q

TIA has the same mechanisms as a CVA but the sequelae resolve and disappear within 24 hrs. ______ is known as a ministroke.

A

Transiant ischemic attack TIA

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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