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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

Aorta

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2
Q

a-

A

no, not, without

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3
Q

brady-

A

slow

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4
Q

echo-

A

sound, reverberation

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5
Q

electro-

A

electricity

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6
Q

end-

A

within

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7
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above

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8
Q

per-

A

through

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9
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

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10
Q

trans-

A

through, across

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11
Q

-cardia

A

condition of the heart

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12
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

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13
Q

-ectomy

A

removal

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14
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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15
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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16
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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17
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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18
Q

-pathy

A

disease process

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19
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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20
Q

-sclerosis

A

abnormal condition of hardening

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21
Q

-tension

A

process of stretching

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22
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

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23
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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24
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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25
Q

arther/o

A

fat, plague

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26
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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27
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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28
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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29
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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30
Q

endocardi/o

A

endocardium

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31
Q

lumin/o

A

lumen

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32
Q

myocardi/o

A

myocardium

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33
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

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34
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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35
Q

scler/o

A

hard

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36
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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37
Q

thromb/o

A

clotting, clot

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38
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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39
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

40
Q

What is dilation of an artery caused by weakness in the wall of the vessel?

A

aneurysm

41
Q

What are smaller arteries, carrying blood away from the aorta to capillaries?

A

Arteriole

42
Q

What is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart?

A

Artery

43
Q

Bundle of HIS
Band of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, in the interracial septum
Transmit impulse from heartbeat to purkinje fibers

A

Atrioventricular bundle

44
Q

What is the upper chamber of the heart?

A

Atrium

45
Q

Atrioventricular Node
Receives electrical signal from the atria and sends it to the bundle of HIS
At the base of the right atrium

A

AV node

46
Q

What are the smallest vessels that receive blood from arterioles, carrying blood away from the heart?

A

Capillary

47
Q

The heart’s dedicated system of blood supply that is constant and uninterrupted are the ______

A

Coronary arteries

48
Q

What are coordinated, rhythmic pulsations that are part of the relaxation phase?

A

Diastole

49
Q

What is the amount of blood expelled from left ventricle compared with total volume of blood filling the ventricle is equal to stroke volume? (65%)

A

Ejection Fraction

50
Q

What is the thin tissue that acts as a lining of each of the chambers and valves?

A

Endocardium

51
Q

Now of the largest veins that carries blood toward the heart is the ______

A

Inferior vena cava

52
Q

What is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle… also known as the bicuspid valve?

A

Mitral Valve (MV)

53
Q

What is the cardiac muscle surrounding chambers of the heart?

A

Myocardium

54
Q

Normal Heart Rate aka

A

Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)

55
Q

What is the double folded layer of tissue that surrounds the heart (Visceral and parietal)?

A

Pericardium

56
Q

What valve is from the tricuspid to pulmonary arteries and pushes blood away from heart?

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

57
Q

From bundle of HIS, receive stimulation and cause ventricles to undergo electrical changes that signal contraction
Force blood out of the pulmonary arteries and the aorta

A

Purkinje Fibers

58
Q

What is called the natural pacemaker of the heart and is where the heart beat begins?

A

SA Node

59
Q

Tissue walls between heart’s chambers is the ____

A

Septum

60
Q

One of two largest veins carry blood towards the heart is the ______

A

Superior vena cava

61
Q

Contractive phase
Normal is under 120
120/80

A

Systole

62
Q

What squeezes blood from right atrium to right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve (TV)

63
Q

What is the blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart?

A

Vein

64
Q

What are the lower two chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricle

65
Q

What are bigger than capillaries and smaller than veins that carries blood back to heart?

A

Venule

66
Q

What is paroxysmal chest pain often accompanied by shortness of breath and sensation of impending doom?

A

Angina Pectoris

67
Q

What is surgically widening narrowed or obstructed arteries>

A

Angioplasty

68
Q

What is abnormal variation form the normal heartbeat rhythm?

A

Arrhythmia

69
Q

What is a hole in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart?

A

Atrial septal defect

70
Q

What disease in which arterial walls become thickened and lose elasticity?

A

Arteriosclerosis

71
Q

What is the removal of fat, plaque from the coronary artery through a catheter with a rotating shaver or laser?

A

Atherectomy

72
Q

What is a slow heartbeat, with ventricular contractions <60 bpm?

A

Bradycardia

73
Q

What is open heart surgery in which a piece of blood vessel from another location is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage?

A

CABG

74
Q

What is the threading of a catheter into the heart under fluoroscopic guidance to collect diagnostic info about structure in the heart, coronary arteries, and great vessels; also used to aid in treat of CAD, congenital abnormalities, and heart failure?

A

Cardiac Catheterization

75
Q

What is the enlargement of the heart?

A

Cardiomegaly

76
Q

What is the progressive disorder of the ventricles of the heart?

A

Cardiomyopathy

77
Q

What is the accumulation and hardening of plaque in the coronary arteries that eventually can deprive the heart muscle of oxygen, leading to angina?

A

Coronary artery disease CAD

78
Q

What is a bluish or grayish discoloration of skin, nail bed, and lips caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood?

A

Cyanosis

79
Q

Profuse secretion of sweat is _____

A

Diaphoresis

80
Q 
Use of ultrasonic waves directed through the heart to study the structure and motion of the heart.
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)-images heart through transducer into the esophagus
A

Echocardiography (ECHO)

81
Q

Recording of electrical impulses of the heart as wave deflections of a needle on an instrument called an _______

A

Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

82
Q

Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery is _____

A

Endarterectomy

83
Q

What is an inability of the heart muscle to pump blood efficiently, so that it becomes overloaded. The heart enlarges with unpumped blood and the lungs fill with fluid?

A

Heart Failure (HF)

84
Q

What is condition of high/elevated blood pressure?

A

Hypertension (HTN)

85
Q

Very high blood pressure that results in organ damage is _____

A

malignant hypertension

86
Q

Cardiac tissue death that occurs when the coronary arteries are occluded by atheroma, or blood clot that makes it unable to carry enough oxygenated blood to the heart muscle is _______

A

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

87
Q

What is pounding or racing of the heart, such that the patient is aware of his/her heartbeat?

A

Palpitations

88
Q

What is aspiration of fluid from the pericardium to treat cardiac tamponade?

A

Pericardiocentesis

89
Q

Removal of vein

A

Phlebectomy

90
Q

Surgical procedure in which a catheter is thread into the coronary artery affected by atherosclerotic heart disease

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

91
Q

Injection of a chemical solution into varicosities to cause inflammation, resulting in an obliteration of the lining of the vein; blood flow then in rerouted through adjoining vessels is the ______

A

Sclerotherapy

92
Q

_______ is a treatment to remove spider veins

A

microsclerotherapy

93
Q

Rapid heartbeat >100 bpm

A

Tachycardia

94
Q

Inflammation of either deep veins with the formation of one or more blood clots

A

Thrombophlebitis

95
Q

Repair of stenosed heart valve with the use of a balloon tipped catheter

A

valvuloplasty

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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