Cardiovascular Flashcards
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
a-
no, not, without
brady-
slow
echo-
sound, reverberation
electro-
electricity
end-
within
hyper-
excessive, above
per-
through
tachy-
fast, rapid
trans-
through, across
-cardia
condition of the heart
-centesis
surgical puncture
-ectomy
removal
-graphy
process of recording
-itis
inflammation
-megaly
enlargement
-osis
abnormal condition
-pathy
disease process
-plasty
surgical repair
-sclerosis
abnormal condition of hardening
-tension
process of stretching
-therapy
treatment
angi/o
vessel
arteri/o
artery
arther/o
fat, plague
atri/o
atrium
cardi/o
heart
coron/o
heart
cyan/o
blue
endocardi/o
endocardium
lumin/o
lumen
myocardi/o
myocardium
pericardi/o
pericardium
phleb/o
vein
scler/o
hard
sept/o
septum
thromb/o
clotting, clot
valvul/o
valve
ventricul/o
ventricle
What is dilation of an artery caused by weakness in the wall of the vessel?
aneurysm
What are smaller arteries, carrying blood away from the aorta to capillaries?
Arteriole
What is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
Bundle of HIS
Band of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, in the interracial septum
Transmit impulse from heartbeat to purkinje fibers
Atrioventricular bundle
What is the upper chamber of the heart?
Atrium
Atrioventricular Node
Receives electrical signal from the atria and sends it to the bundle of HIS
At the base of the right atrium
AV node
What are the smallest vessels that receive blood from arterioles, carrying blood away from the heart?
Capillary
The heart’s dedicated system of blood supply that is constant and uninterrupted are the ______
Coronary arteries
What are coordinated, rhythmic pulsations that are part of the relaxation phase?
Diastole
What is the amount of blood expelled from left ventricle compared with total volume of blood filling the ventricle is equal to stroke volume? (65%)
Ejection Fraction
What is the thin tissue that acts as a lining of each of the chambers and valves?
Endocardium
Now of the largest veins that carries blood toward the heart is the ______
Inferior vena cava
What is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle… also known as the bicuspid valve?
Mitral Valve (MV)
What is the cardiac muscle surrounding chambers of the heart?
Myocardium
Normal Heart Rate aka
Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)
What is the double folded layer of tissue that surrounds the heart (Visceral and parietal)?
Pericardium
What valve is from the tricuspid to pulmonary arteries and pushes blood away from heart?
Pulmonary semilunar valve
From bundle of HIS, receive stimulation and cause ventricles to undergo electrical changes that signal contraction
Force blood out of the pulmonary arteries and the aorta
Purkinje Fibers
What is called the natural pacemaker of the heart and is where the heart beat begins?
SA Node
Tissue walls between heart’s chambers is the ____
Septum
One of two largest veins carry blood towards the heart is the ______
Superior vena cava
Contractive phase
Normal is under 120
120/80
Systole
What squeezes blood from right atrium to right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve (TV)
What is the blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart?
Vein
What are the lower two chambers of the heart?
Ventricle
What are bigger than capillaries and smaller than veins that carries blood back to heart?
Venule
What is paroxysmal chest pain often accompanied by shortness of breath and sensation of impending doom?
Angina Pectoris
What is surgically widening narrowed or obstructed arteries>
Angioplasty
What is abnormal variation form the normal heartbeat rhythm?
Arrhythmia
What is a hole in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart?
Atrial septal defect
What disease in which arterial walls become thickened and lose elasticity?
Arteriosclerosis
What is the removal of fat, plaque from the coronary artery through a catheter with a rotating shaver or laser?
Atherectomy
What is a slow heartbeat, with ventricular contractions <60 bpm?
Bradycardia
What is open heart surgery in which a piece of blood vessel from another location is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage?
CABG
What is the threading of a catheter into the heart under fluoroscopic guidance to collect diagnostic info about structure in the heart, coronary arteries, and great vessels; also used to aid in treat of CAD, congenital abnormalities, and heart failure?
Cardiac Catheterization
What is the enlargement of the heart?
Cardiomegaly
What is the progressive disorder of the ventricles of the heart?
Cardiomyopathy
What is the accumulation and hardening of plaque in the coronary arteries that eventually can deprive the heart muscle of oxygen, leading to angina?
Coronary artery disease CAD
What is a bluish or grayish discoloration of skin, nail bed, and lips caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood?
Cyanosis
Profuse secretion of sweat is _____
Diaphoresis
Use of ultrasonic waves directed through the heart to study the structure and motion of the heart. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)-images heart through transducer into the esophagus
Echocardiography (ECHO)
Recording of electrical impulses of the heart as wave deflections of a needle on an instrument called an _______
Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery is _____
Endarterectomy
What is an inability of the heart muscle to pump blood efficiently, so that it becomes overloaded. The heart enlarges with unpumped blood and the lungs fill with fluid?
Heart Failure (HF)
What is condition of high/elevated blood pressure?
Hypertension (HTN)
Very high blood pressure that results in organ damage is _____
malignant hypertension
Cardiac tissue death that occurs when the coronary arteries are occluded by atheroma, or blood clot that makes it unable to carry enough oxygenated blood to the heart muscle is _______
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
What is pounding or racing of the heart, such that the patient is aware of his/her heartbeat?
Palpitations
What is aspiration of fluid from the pericardium to treat cardiac tamponade?
Pericardiocentesis
Removal of vein
Phlebectomy
Surgical procedure in which a catheter is thread into the coronary artery affected by atherosclerotic heart disease
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
Injection of a chemical solution into varicosities to cause inflammation, resulting in an obliteration of the lining of the vein; blood flow then in rerouted through adjoining vessels is the ______
Sclerotherapy
_______ is a treatment to remove spider veins
microsclerotherapy
Rapid heartbeat >100 bpm
Tachycardia
Inflammation of either deep veins with the formation of one or more blood clots
Thrombophlebitis
Repair of stenosed heart valve with the use of a balloon tipped catheter
valvuloplasty
