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Organisation of the human body > Special senses > Flashcards

Special senses Flashcards

1
Q

This organ has 4 types of lingual papillae?

A

Tongue

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2
Q

Taste hairs increase surface area and are called?

A

Microvilli

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3
Q

What ions from salt solutions diffuse through the epithelial sodium leak channels in gustatory cells?

A

Sodium

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4
Q

What ions from sour solutions diffuse through the epithelial sodium leak channels in gustatory cells?

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

What is Gustation?

A

The action of tasting

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6
Q

What is Olfaction?

A

The action of smelling

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7
Q

G protein associated with taste and the gustatory system is called?

A

Gustducins

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8
Q

Olfactory receptors (dendrites of specialised neurons) detect the stimulus causing depolarisation. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Receptor

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9
Q

An action potential travels down the axons of the sensory neurons leaving the olfactory epithelium. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Sensory Neurons

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10
Q

Sensory neurons collect into bundles, penetrate the ethmoid bone, and synapse in the olfactory bulb in the forebrain, then travel along the olfactory tract. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Sensory Tracts

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11
Q

The bundled axons then travel to the olfactory cortex in the hypothalamus, and partly extend into the limbic system. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Sensory Areas

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12
Q

Gustatory receptors (specialised cells with inexcitable membranes) detect the stimulus, causing graded depolariation, stimulating neurotransmitter release. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Receptor

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13
Q

Synapse with dendrites of sensory neurons. Neurotransmitters release causing depolarisation fo the sensory neurons, stimulating an action potential. What stage of the sensory pathway is this??

A

Sensory Neurons

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14
Q

Action potentials travel along the sensory afferent cranial nerves and synapse in the medulla oblongata and then the thalamus. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Sensory Tracts

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15
Q

The axons finally synapse in the gustatory cortex of the insula. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Sensory Areas

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16
Q

Receptors, located in the inner ear are called what?

A

Hair cells

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17
Q

Sterocillia, act as what?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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18
Q

Movement of what results in distortion of plasma membrane, altering rate of chemical transmitter release?

A

Sterocillia

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19
Q

Collects and directs soundwaves to the middle ear via the external acoustic meatus is called what?

A

Auditory canal

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20
Q

Hairs and ear wax prevent what from entering the ear?

A

Dust and foreign objects

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21
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

The ear drum

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22
Q

What is the pinna?

A

The outer ear

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23
Q

The temporal bone is found where?

A

The ear

24
Q

The malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil) and the Stapes (stirrup) is found where?

A

The middle ear

25
Q

The semicircular canals and the cocklea are found where?

A

The inner ear

26
Q

The vestibular nerve, cochlea nerve and round window are found where?

A

The inner ear

27
Q

The Eustachian tube is found where?

A

The ear

28
Q

An air filled chamber separated from the auditory canal by the tympanic membrane and is found in the middle ear is called what?

A

Tympanic cavity

29
Q

The sensory organs for hearing and equilibrium and receives the amplified sound waves from the middle ear is called what?

A

Labyrinth

30
Q

What detects movement of the head?

A

Semicircular canals

31
Q

What detect sound vibrations?

A

Cochlea

32
Q

What detects linear acceleration and deceleration?

A

Vestibule

33
Q

What provides mechanical support, assists with focusing and attaches to the extrinsic eye muscles? Hint: tunic

A

Fibrous tunic

34
Q

A thin transparent are on the surface of the eye lets light in. What am I and what tunic am i?

A

Cornea

Fibrous tunic

35
Q

Made up of dense, fibrous connective tissue and is the white of the eye. I am called what and what tunic am i?

A

Sclera

Fibrous tunic

36
Q

What contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and instrinsic smooth muscles in the eye? Hint: tunic

A

Vascular tunic

37
Q

What is the coloured part around the pupil called and what tunic am i?

A

Iris

Vascular tunic

38
Q

What is the opening of the eye that expands and contracts to take in different levels of light? What tunic am i?

A

Pupil

Vascular tunic

39
Q

I am a thickened region that bulges into the interior of the eye. Ligaments go from me to the lens to hold into position and controls the shape? what tunic am i?

A

Ciliary body

Vascular tunic

40
Q

I am the vascular layer covered by the sclera. I contain capillaries to deliver oxygen and nutrients to neural tissue. What am I and what tunic am I found in?

A

Choroid

Vascular tunic

41
Q

I am controlled by two layers of papillary muscles of the iris and focus images onto photoreceptors?

A

The lens

42
Q

The thin outer layer (pigmented) absorbs light and the thick inner layer (neural layer) contains photoreceptors. What am i? Hint: Tunic

A

Neural tunic (retina)

43
Q

These enable us to see in dim light and do not discriminate among colours of light?

A

Rods

44
Q

These provide colour vision, require more light and provide sharper, clearer images?

A

Cones

45
Q

What are the 3 types of cones?

A

Blue, Green and Red

46
Q

This is the site of the sharpest vision and is where the highest concentration of photoreceptors are found?

A

Fovea

47
Q

Photoreceptors, rods and cones, detect light. Rods are highly sensitive but do not discriminate against colours of light. Cones provide us with colour vision, giving us a sharper image but requiring more intense light. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Receptor

48
Q

Rods and cones synapse with neurons called bipolar cells, which then synapse with ganglion cells. The axons of the ganglion cells converge at the optic disc, forming the optic disc, forming the optic nerve? What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Sensory neurons

49
Q

The optic nerve caries visual information to the brain. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Sensory Tracts

50
Q

Visual information is processed in the visual cortex, part of the cerebral cortex. What stage of the sensory pathway is this?

A

Sensory areas

51
Q

Detects rotation in the sagittal plane (nodding head)? Hint: Canal

A

Anterior semicircular canal

52
Q

Detects rotation in the coronal plane (tiliting head from side to side)? Hint: Canal

A

Posterior semicircular canal

53
Q

Detects rotation in the transverse plane (head shaking - no) Hint: Canal

A

Lateral semicircular canal

54
Q

Hair cells are located here (on basilar membrane). Stimulated hair cells are transduced into nerve impulses? What am i?

A

Organ of Corti

55
Q

Where is the organ of corti found?

A

Cochlea

Organisation of the human body (15 decks)

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