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Organisation of the human body > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

One of the different forms of a single gene. Humans have 2 of these for each gene, one from each parent?

A

Alleles

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2
Q

2 strands of nucleotide molecules arranged in a helix structure?

A

DNA

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3
Q

Out of the 4 nucleotides; adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, what is adenine paired with?

A

Thymine

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4
Q

Out of the 4 nucleotides; adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, what is guanine paired with?

A

Cytosine

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5
Q

What is the definition for: All genetic information common to a particular species and consists of 3 nucleotides, representing 20,000 -25,000 genes arranged into chromosomes.

A

Genome

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6
Q

What are molecules of DNA wrapped in protein?

A

Chromosomes

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7
Q

How many copies of each chromosomes do we have?

A

2 - one from each parent

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8
Q

When DNA is wrapped in protein and condensed in the form of chromosomes is called what?

A

Chromatin

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9
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

A

23

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10
Q

Chromosome pairs 1 - 22 are code for standard traits (somatic characteristics) are called what?

A

Autosomes

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11
Q

What chromosomes cause gender variations?

A

Sex chromosomes

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12
Q

Which parents determine the gender and why?

A

Males - can pass on either an X or Y chromosomes

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13
Q

What is the term for DNA converting to RNA?

A

Transcription

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14
Q

What is the term for RNA conversion to protein?

A

Translation

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15
Q

What is the term for variations in the sequence of DNA/.

A

Mutation

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16
Q

What is the term for 2 of the same alleles of a single gene?

A

Homozygous

17
Q

What is the term for 2 different alleles of a single gene?

A

Heterozygous

18
Q

What is the term of an allele that masks expression of a recessive gene and is represented by an uppercase letter?

A

Dominant

19
Q

What is the term of an allele that is masked by a dominant gene?

A

Recessive

20
Q

What is the term of the combination of alleles we have? (e.g. FF, Ff, ff)

A

Genotype

21
Q

What is the term of the expression of the genotype?

A

Phenotype

22
Q

What is the term of the appearance and number of an individual’s chromosomes?

A

Karyotype

23
Q

What is the term for only one copy of an allele is necessary for an individual to express the phenotype?

A

Autosomal dominant inheritence

24
Q

What is more common in males as they carry only one copy of genes found on the X chromosome?

A

X-linked inheritance

25
Q

Inheritance of blood type is a common example of what type of inheritance?

A

Co-dominant

Organisation of the human body (15 decks)

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