Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Organisation of the human body > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Tunica externa what tissue layer of arteries and veins?

A

Outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tunica media what tissue layer of arteries and veins?

A

Middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tunica intima what tissue layer of arteries and veins?

A

Inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The middle layer is a thicker layer with smooth muscle and allows for arteries to constrict and dilate as needed. What is it called?

A

Tunica Media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The inner layer is made up of endothelial cells, what is it called?

A

Tunica Intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In addition to the three layers of tissue, veins also have what to prevent the backflow of blood?

A

Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The arterial wall is thicker than the venous wall. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The tunica media is thicker, with more smooth muscle in arteries. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Arteries don’t have elastic fibers, allowing for recoil, allowing arteries to withstand pressure changes. True or False?

A

False - Arteries do have elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arteries have valves. True or False?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Arterioles and venules connect arteries and veins to capillary beds to allow exchange. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Smaller arterial and venous blood vessels are called what?

A

Arterioles and venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Small vessels allowing exchange are called what?

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What consists of an endothelial lining and basement membrane?

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Capillaries allow for nutrients and oxygen to move into tissues and waste products and CO2 to move from tissues into capillaries. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two types of capillaries?

A

Continuous and Fenestrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This type of capillary have a complete endothelium allowing diffusion and preventing loss of blood and plasma proteins?

A

Continuous capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This type of capillary contains pores which allow for faster exchange of larger molecules and are found in the brain, endocrine, orgnas, intestine and kidneys?

A

Fenestrated capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does systole mean?

A

Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does diastole mean?

A

Relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The atria contracts forcing blood from the atria to the ventricles, through the AV valves. What is this called?

A

Atrial systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What starts in the peak of the P wave?

A

Atrial systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Contraction stops and the cardiac muscle of the atria relax. What is this called?

A

Atrial diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This occurs simultaneously with atrial diastole. What is this called?

A

Ventricular systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cardiac muslce in the ventricles contract, increasing pressure which closes the AV Valves. Once pressure is high enough, the pulmonary and aortic valves open and eject blood from the heart to the lungs and body. What is this called?
Ventricular systole
26
What starts with the peak of the QRS Complex?
Ventricular systole
27
Ventricles relax, while the atria are also relaxed, all heart valves are closed and ventricular pressure drops. What is this called?
Ventricular diastole
28
Once ventricular pressure is lower than atrial pressure, the ventricules begin to fill passively. This is called what?
Ventricular diastole
29
Created by the AV Valves, mitral and tricuspid snapping closed, what is this heart sound named?
S1 - 'lub' sound
30
Created by the semi-lunar valves, pulmonary and aortic snapping closed, what is this heart sound named?
S2 - 'dub' sound
31
This heart sound is usually faint and inaudible and is created by blood flowing into ventricles. This sound can also be heard during congestive heart failure, and if there is an enlarged left ventricular chamber. What is it named?
S3 sound
32
This sound is usually faint and inaudible and is the sound of atrial contraction, what is it named?
S4 sound
33
What is the term of the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of atrial systole?
End - diastolic volume (EDV)
34
What is the term of the residual volume left in the ventricles at the end of the venticular systole?
End - systolic volume (ESV)
35
What is the term of the volume of blood ejected from the heart during each cardiac cycle?
Stroke volume (SV)
36
SV/EDV (%) is called what?
Ejection fraction
37
Volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute (mL/min) is called what?
Cardiac output
38
Heart rate (beats/min) x SV (mL/beat) is called what?
Cardiac output
39
What type of nervous sytem stimulation increases the heart rate and stroke volume?
Sympathetic
40
What type of nervous system stimulation decreases the heart rate and cardiac output
Parasympathetic
41
An increase in venous return increases or decreases cardiac output?
Increases
42
What is responsible for distributing electical impulses through the heart?
Conducting system
43
what controls the contraction of the heart?
Conducting system
44
The conducting system starts with an action potential in what node?
Sinoatrial (SA)
45
What are cells of the SA node called?
Pacemaker cells
46
Pacemaker cells have a stable or unstable resting potential?
unstable
47
Can pacemaker cells spontaneously generate cardiac action potentials?
Yes
48
The signal generated by pacemaker cells in the SA node travels by the internodal pathway to what node?
Atrioventricular (AV)
49
When the signal generated by pacemaker cells arrive at the AV node, what happens?
Atria contracts
50
The signal generated by pacemaker cells continues from the AV node through the AV Bundle, bundle branches and purkinje fibres. What happens?
Ventricles contract
51
What are the two circuits that make up the CVS sytem?
Systemic and Pulmonary
52
Which CVS circuit provides blood to the tissues around the body?
Systemic
53
Which CVS circuit provides blood to the lungs to be re-oxygenated?
Pulmonary
54
What are afferent blood vessels?
vessels that return blood to the heart
55
What are efferent blood vessels?
vessel that take blood away from the heart
56
The epicardium is what layer of the heart?
Outermost layer
57
The myocardium is what layer of the heart?
Middle layer
58
The endocardium is what layer of the heart?
Inner lining of heart wall
59
What are cardiomyocytes?
Cardiac muscle cells
60
Cardiomyocytes are contractile cells that are branched, and contain a single nucleus per cell. True or False?
True
61
What are cardiac muscle cells joined by?
Intercalated discs
62
Blood flow enters heart through what?
Superior and Inferior vena cava
63
Blood flows from the vena cava to what?
Right Atrium
64
Blood flows from the right atrium to what?
Tricuspid Valve
65
Blood flows from the ticuspid valve to what?
Right ventricle
66
Blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, lung capillaries and through the pulmonary vein to where?
Left atrium
67
Blood flows from the left atrium through the mitral valve, to the left ventricle and finally through where to travel to all parts of the body?
Aorta
68
What wave of an ECG represents depolarization of the SA node and the impulse spreading through the atria so the atria contracts?
P wave
69
What wave of an ECG represents ventricular depolarization, sending the signal across the AV node, to the AV bundle, then to the purkinje fibres?
QRS complex
70
What represents ventricular repolarization, the recovery of ventricles following contraction?
T Wave

Organisation of the human body (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions