Spain Flashcards
1
Q
What are the DOs of Galicia?
A
Rias Baixas Ribeiro Monterrei Ribeira Sacra Valdeorras
2
Q
North to South, what are the sub-zones of Rias Baixas?
A
Ribeira do Ulla Val do Salnes Soutomaior Condado do Tea O Rosal
3
Q
What are the major white grapes of Ribeiro DO?
A
Treixadura (often 100%), Loureira, Torrontes, Albarino, Godello
4
Q
What is Vino Tostado?
A
A dessert wine made with raisinated grapes in Ribeiro
Min. must weight 350 g/l
Drying process is 3 months
Min. RS of 120 g/l
Min. 6 months in oak, 3 in bottle
5
Q
What river flows through Monterrei DO?
A
The Tamega river, a tributary of the Duoro River
6
Q
What are the major grapes of Monterrei DO?
A
White: Godello, Dona Branca, Treixadura
Red: Mencia, Merenzao (Bastardo/Trousseau)
Min. 60% of these varieties required
7
Q
What major rivers flow through Ribeira Sacra DO?
A
The Mino (Minho) and the Sil
8
Q
What are the major grapes of Ribeira Sacra DO?
A
Mencia is by far the most important
Godello
9
Q
What is the climate of Galicia like?
A
Close to the shore, cool, wet Atlantic winds blow inland. It is also very sunny. Known as “Green Spain.”
Moving inland (Monterrei, Ribeira Sacra) the climate becomes more continental: dry, warm summers and cold winters.
10
Q
What are the major grapes of Valdeorras DO?
A
Godello is by far the most important
Mencia
11
Q
Who is a notable producer of Valdeorras wines?
A
Rafael Palacios
His top wine “Sorte o Soro” can sell for $200.
It is fermented in 500L new French oak, and left on lees for 8 months.
12
Q
What separates Rias Baixas from Minho in Portugal?
A
The Minho river.
13
Q
What white grapes may be added to O Rosal Blanco? To Condado do Tea?
A
Loureira
Treixadura
14
Q
What type of vine training is common in Rias Baixas? Why?
A
Pergola, or “Parras”
It helps to ventilate grapes, and also allows farmers to produce other crops.
15
Q
What are the three DOs for Txakoli?
A
Arabako Txakolina
Bizkaiko Txakolina
Getariako Txakolina
16
Q
What are the major grapes for Txakoli production?
A
White: Hondarrabi Zuri
Red: Hondarrabi Beltza
Interestingly, Petit Courbu, Gros Manseng, and Petit Manseng are also allowed
17
Q
What is the Pais Vasco climtate like?
A
Very humid and very cool (temperatures don’t go above 68F).
18
Q
Why do Txakoli wines have a slight spritz?
A
They are traditionally bottled with lees.
19
Q
Which region of Txakoli has the most hectares under vine?
A
Getariako Txakolina
20
Q
What are the DOs of Castilla y Leon?
Which lie along the Duoro River?
A
Arribes DO Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO Toro DO Rueda DO Ribera del Duero DO, all lie along the Duoro River
Arlanza DO
Bierzo DO
Cigales DO
Tierra de Leon DO
21
Q
What are some synonyms for Tempranillo? Where are they used?
A
Cencibel Tinto Fino Tinto del Pais Tinto de Toro Ojo de Llebre Ull de Llebre Aragones Tinta Roriz
22
Q
What are the major grapes of Arlanza DO?
A
Tinto del Pais is by far the most important
Some Albillo and Viura are made
23
Q
What are the major grapes of the Arribes DO?
A
Juan Garcia is the signature grape
White: Min. 60% Malvasia
Red: Min. 60% Juan Garcia, Rufete, Tempranillo
24
Q
What are the major grapes of the Bierzo DO?
A
The vast majority of Bierzo is planted to Mencia (85%)
White: Dona Blanca, Godello, Malvasia Riojana, Palomino
Red: Mencia, Garnacha Tintorerra, Esaldina, Merenzao
25
What mountain range shields Bierzo DO?
The Cordillera Cantabrica
26
What are the dominant soils of Bierzo DO?
Slate and Granite
27
What is the most expensive wine from Bierzo DO?
Decendientes de Jose Palacios "La Faraona" at $1000
Fruit is sourced from paraje El Ferro in Corullion
28
Describe the quality scale in Bierzo DO. When was it introduced?
Introduced in 2017, it is meant to mimic Burgundy.
Vino de Villa: Village level wines, yields reduced by 20%
Vino de Paraje: Single-place wines, yields reduced by 25%. "Lieu-dit."
Vina Clasificada: May be added to parcels within a Vino de Paraje that have been labeled as such for 5 years and passed a tasting panel. Yields reduced by 30%. "Premier Cru."
Gran Vina Clasificada: Designation for a Vina Clasificada that has been labeled as such for 5 years and passed a tasting panel. Yields reduced by 35%. "Grand Cru."
29
What are the single-vineyard wines that Decendientes de J. Palacios produces?
```
Las Lamas
Valdafoz
Fontelas
San Martin
Moncerbal
```
30
What is the most important grape in Cigales DO?
Tempranillo
Most production is red or rose
Verdejo for whites
31
What is the climate of Ribera del Duero DO like?
Continental, but somewhat extreme. It is located on an elevated plateau averaging 800m.
Winters are cold, summers are hot and dry (104F), and diurnal fluctuations can be up to 40F in difference.
Spring frosts are a threat as much as heat stressed vines. Autumn rain is an issue, and vines are also prone to ripening unevenly.
32
What mountain ranges shelter Ribera del Duero?
Sierra de la Demanda
Sierra de Guadarrama
33
When was the RIbera del Duero DO created?
1982
34
When was Vega Sicilia first opened?
1864
35
Describe Vega Sicilia Unico Reserva Especial
A NV blend of Unico wines.
36
What nearby bodega is also owned by Vega Sicilia?
Bodegas Alion.
The wines are aged in new French oak and produced for earlier consumption.
37
What wines does Vega Sicilia produce?
Unico: tends to be aged for 10 years
Valbuena 5: Aged for 3 years in American oak, 2 in bottle
Valbuena 3
Pintia: Made in Toro
The Ribera del Duero wines are roughly 80% Tempranillo, with a balance of Bordeaux varietals.
38
Why was Unico only released in good years?
Vega Sicilia used to use 40,000L vats for fermentation, so the wine could only be made if they could be filled.
They now own 8,000L vats, so production should be more regular.
39
Aside from Vega Sicilia, who are other notable producers in Ribero del Duero?
Dominio de Pingus
Pesquera
Bodegas Emilio Moro
Bodegas Las Astrales
40
What wines does Dominio de Pingus produce?
Pingus
Flor de Pingus: Inaugural vintage 1996.
Amelia: Fruit from 100-year vines. Single barrel cuvee. First vintage in 2003.
PSI: produced from fruit purchased on basis of quality. It sees almost no new wood. 10% Garnacha.
All wines are 100% Tempranillo, except PSI.
41
Who founded Dominio de Pingus and when?
Peter Sisseck in 1995
42
Who founded Tinto Pesquera and when?
Alejandro Fernandez in 1972
He was one of the first producers to wire train vines to capture ground heat.
43
What are the top wines of Tinto Pesquera?
Millenium Gran Reserva: 100% Tempranillo from Vina Alta. First made in 2008.
Janus Gran Reserva: 100% Tempranillo from some of the higest elevation parcels. First made in 1975, but now no longer produced.
44
What are assemblage requirements of Ribera del Duero?
White: min. 75% Albillo Mayor
Red: min. 75% Tinta del Pais/Tinto Fino
Authorized: Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cab Sauv
45
What are the aging requirements for Ribera del Duero?
Roble/Barria: 3 months in oak
Crianza Blanco/Rosado: 18 months, 6 in oak
Crianza Tinto: 24 months, 12 in oak
Reserva Blanco/Rosado: 24 months, 6 in oak
Rserva Tinto: 36 months, 12 in oak
Gran Reserva Blanco/Rosado: 48 months, 6 in oak
Gran Reserva Tinto: 60 months, 24 in oak
46
Verdejo aside, what are the other authorized white grapes for Rueda DO?
Sauvignon Blanc somewhat, as well as Viura and Palomino
in 2020, Chardonnay and Viognier were added
47
What are the varietal requirements for Rueda Blanco?
Min. 50% Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc
Rueda Verdejo and Rueda Sauvignon still exist and require 85%, but have been folded into the general DO.
48
What new wine classifications were added to Rueda DO in 2020?
Gran Vino de Rueda: wines come from 30+ year old vineyards. Yields are restricted to 6200kg/ha, and only 65% may be selected.
Vino de Pueblo: Labels can show municipality of origin at 85%.
Gran Anada: Vintage dated sparkling wine at 36 months of production.
Rueda Palido: Wines that have aged under flor in oak for 3 years.
49
What is the minimum ABV for Rueda Palido and Rueda Dorado?
15%
50
Who rescued Verdejo?
Marques de Riscal in the 1970s
51
What is the most important grape in (Tierra de) Leon DO?
Prieto Picudo, a red grape
It is dark-skinned, makes deeply pigmented reds with notes of redcurrant, blackberry, and licorice. It can stand up to oak.
Bodegas Margon is a notable producer
52
What is the dominant grape in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO? What styles are produced from it?
Tempranillo
Clarete: min. 30% Tempranillo
Rosado: min. 60% Tempranillo
Tinto: min. 75% Tempranillo
53
How is Tinta de Toro different from Tempranillo?
It has a longer vegetative cycle. Berries have thicker skins and phenolics are higher. Wines are more tannic and deeply colored.
54
What are some notable producers of Toro DO wines?
Bodegas Numanthia "Termanthia" (LVMH)
Teso la Monja (Sierra Cantabria is the umbrella group)
Vega Sicilia "Pintia"
Telmo Rodriguez "Pago la Jara"
55
What wine is routinely Spain's most expensive?
Teso la Monja from Toro.
$1129
56
What is the grape specialty of the Sierra de Salamanca VC?
Rufete
57
What are the quality tiers for Spanish wines and their EU counterparts?
Vino - Vintage and Variety
Vino con Indicacion Geografica Protegida - PGI
PDOs:
Vino de Calidad con Indicacion Geografica - stepping stone to DO
Denominacion de Origen (DO) - The standard
Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa) - DOs may apply for this after 10 years.
Vino de Pago (VP) - Singe-estate appellations. May be applied for after 10 years.
Vino do Pago Calificado - Exists to cover VPs that emerge in DOCa.
58
What are the varietal requirements for Blanco wines labeled with sub-zones in Rias Baixas?
Val do Salnes/Ribeira do Ulla: 70% of any recommended grapes
O Rosal: 70% combined Albarino and Loureira
Condado do Tea: 70% combined Albarino and Treixadura
59
What mountain range influences Rioja to the North? To the South?
The Sierra de Cantabria to the North, particularly Rioja Alavesa.
The Sierra de la Demanda to the south, particularly Rioja Alta.
60
What river flows through Rioja?
The Ebro river
61
What regional classifications exist for wines in Rioja DOCa?
Vinedo Singular - Single vineyard
Vinos de Municipio - Village Wine
Vinos de Zona
62
What are some of the regulations for Vinedo Singular wines in Rioja?
Vineyard must be approved
Winery must have a 10 year history with the vineyard
Vines must be at least 35 years old
100% of the grapes must come from the named vineyard
The Consejo Regulador may assume control of the vineyard from July 1 to ensure rules are followed
63
Aside from Tempranillo, what other red grapes are planted in Rioja?
Aside from Viura, what other white grapes are planted in Rioja?
Garnacha, Mazuelo (Carignan), Graciano
Malvasia Riojana, Garnacha Blanca
64
Which region does each subzone of Rioja DOCa fall into?
Rioja Alta - La Rioja
Rioja Alavesa - Basque Country
Rioja Oriental - Navarra
65
When was Rioja awarded DO status? DOCa status?
DO in 1933, the first to do so
DOCa in 1991, the first to do so
66
What notable producer left Rioja DOCa? When?
Juan Carlos Lopez de Lacalle of Artadi in 2015
2014 vintage was the first to be labled Alava
67
What is Artadi's premiere bottling?
El Pison
$300
68
What is Bodegas Roda's flagship bottling?
Cirsion
$200
Only sees 8 months in barrel, and 4 in bottle
69
What are the aging requirements for Red Wines in Rioja DOCa?
Crianza: 24 months, 12 in oak
Reserva: 36 months, 12 in oak, 6 in bottle
Gran Reserva: 60 months, 24 in oak, 24 in bottle
70
What are the aging requirements for White/Rose Wines in Rioja DOCa?
Crianza: 18 months, 6 in oak
Reserva: 24 months, 6 in oak
Gran Reserva: 48 months, 6 in oak
71
What is Sierra Cantabria's flagship wine in Rioja DOCa?
Magico
$550
72
What are the names of various wineries owned by Compania de Vinos Telmo Rodriguez?
Matallana - Ribera del Duero
Lanzaga - Rioja
Gago - Toro
73
How much lees aging is required for varying quality levels of Vino Espumosa Calidad in Rioja DOCa?
Normal: 15 months lees aging
Reserva: 24 months lees aging
Gran Anada: 36 months lees aging
All bottles must be vintage dated
74
What producers are credited with introducing the Bordeaux technique of barrique aging?
Riscal and Murrieta, roughly at the same time
75
What are the subzones of Navarra DO?
```
Tierra Estella
Valdizarbe
Baja Montana
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja
```
76
What are the major geographical features of the Navarra DO?
The Bay of Biscay to the Northwest
The Pyranees Mountains in the Northeast
The Ebro River
All of these combine to moderate the effects of the Mediterranean climate
77
What are the DOs of Catalonia?
```
Alella DO
Catalunya DO
Cava DO
Conca de Barbera DO
Costers del Segre DO
Emporada DO
Montsant DO
Penedes DO
Pla de Bages DO
Priorat DOQ
Tarragona DO
Terra Alta DO
```
78
What is the historical birthplace of Cava?
Sadurni d'Anoia
79
Who makes Mas La Plana and Milmanda? What are the grapes? Where?
What was the first vintage of Mas La Plana?
Miguel Torres
Cabernet in Penedes and Chardonnay in Conca de Barbera
1970 was the first vintage of Black Label, renamed Mas La Plana in 1995.
80
What are the three climatic subzones of Penedes? What is produced in each?
Baix-Penedes: lower lying, warmer area producing full-bodied reds
Medio-Penedes: Mid lying area
Alt-Penedes: Cooler, higher altitude area producing fresh white wines.
81
What grape is also known as Subirat?
Malvasia, particularly in Catalonia (and for Cava)
82
What are the authorized grapes for Cava production?
Blanco: Parellada, Macabeu, Xaral-lo, Chardonnay, Subirat (Malvasia)
Tinto: Pinot Noir, Garnacha, Monastrell, Trepat (teinturier grape only allowed for Rose production)
83
What are the aging requirements for Cava?
Cava: 9 mo. lees contact
Reserva: 15 mo. lees contact (moving to 18 in 2021)
Gran Reserva: 30 mo. lees contact
de Paraje Calificado: 36 mo. lees contact
84
What are the regulations for Cava de Paraje Calificado?
```
Single-estate wines
Hand harvesting
36 months of lees contact
No acidification
Vintage dated
Only Brut, Extra Brut, or Brut Nature
```
85
What producers left Cava DO to form Corpinnat?
```
Gramona
Sabate i Coca
Mas Candi
Llopart
Torello
Nadal
Can Feixes
Recaredo
Julia Bernet
```
86
What are the regulations for Corpinnat?
Organic and sustainable viticulture
Hand-harvesting
Min. 18 months aging
90% indigenous grapes
87
What appellation was proposed by Raventos i Blanc apart from Cava DO?
Conca del Riu Anoia
88
Who owns the "Espectacle" vineyard, and where is it located?
Rene Barbier in Montsant DO
89
What are the villages of Priorat DOQ?
```
La Morera de Montsant (Highest Altitude)
Gratallops
Bellmunt del Priorat
Escaladei
Porrera
Poboleda
La Vilella Baixa
La Vilella Alta
El Lloar
Masos del Terme de Falset
Solanes del Terme de El Mojar
Torroja del Priorat
```
90
What is grown in the highest altitude vineyards of Priorat?
Cabernet Sauvignon by Pasanau Germans
Finca La Planeta
91
Who were the original trail blazers of Priorat production?
```
Clos Mogador (Rene Barbier)
Mas Martinet (Jose Luis Perez)
Clos Dofi (Alvara Palacios)
Clos Erasmus (Daphne Glorian)
Clos de l'Obac (Carles Pastrana)
```
They began making wines together in 1989 in Gratallops
92
What geographical feature influences Priorat?
The Sierra de Montsant to the Northeast
93
What is the most expensive Priorat bottling?
Alvaro Palacios "L'Ermita"
94
When was Priorat elevated to DOQ?
First in 2000 by Catalan authorities
Then in 2009 by Spanish authorities
95
How old are Velles Vinyes wines in Priorat?
They must have been planted before 1945
96
What are the DOs of Aragon?
Calatayud DO
Campo de Borja DO
Carinena DO
Somontano DO
97
What grape is eligible for the production of Calatayud Superior wine?
85% Garnacha Negra, min. 50 years vine age
98
What is Vino de Aguja?
A semi-sparkling wine with between 1-2.5 atm of pressure
99
What aging is necessary for a wine to be Noble? Anejo? Viejo?
Noble: 18 months in bottle or oak (no bigger than 600l)
Anejo: 24 months in bottle or oak (no bigger than 600l)
Viejo: 36 months, and must have a perceptibly oxidative character.
100
What are the DOs of Valenica?
Alicante DO
Utiel-Requena DO
Valencia DO
101
What is Fondillon? Where is it made?
100% Monastrell, overripened, unfortified
Max 40 g/l RS
10 years in oak (Solera)
Alicante specialty
102
What is "doble pasta?"
Double pulp
Using leftover skins and pulps from rose wine production to bolster red wine extraction.
Generally found in Utiel-Requena for Bobal
103
What are the DOs of Murcia?
Bullas DO
Jumilla DO
Yecla DO
104
In Jumilla, Monastrell Tinto and Rosado must have what min. percentage of Monastrell? For Vino de Licor?
85%
100%
105
What is the climate of Jumilla DO?
Arid and continental
There is a central plateau with elevations ranging from 400 to 800 meters that provides some respite from the heat.
106
Name a notable producer of Jumilla?
Casa Castillo "Pie Franco"
70 year old ungrafted vines, and numerous high scores from Robert Parker
107
What are the DOs of Castilla-La Mancha?
```
Almansa DO
La Mancha DO
Manchuela DO
Mondejar DO
Mentrida DO
Ribera del Jucar DO
Ucles DO
Valdepenas DO
```
108
"Roble" indicates what on a wine label?
That the wine has seen oak, usually 3 months/60 days
109
What is the largest delimited wine region in Europe?
La Mancha
110
In what regions is Bobal a dominant grape?
Manchuela
Utiel-Requena
111
What are "Tinas?"
Oak barrels with several thousand liters of capacity
112
What were the first estates to receive DO Pago status?
Finca Elez and Dominio de Valdepusa in 2002
113
What was Dominio de Valdepusa the first vineyard in the world to install?
Drip Irrigation
114
When did Marques de Grinon first launch their Cabernet Sauvignon?
1982 from Dominio de Valdepusa
115
What are the DOs of Extremadura?
Ribera del Guadiana
116
What are the names of the Balearic Islands?
What are the DOs? Where are they located?
Formentera, Ibiza, Mallorca, Menorca
Binissalem, Pla I Llevant
The DOs are located on Mallorca
117
What are the dominant grapes for Binissalem DO?
Tinto: Manto Negro
Blanco: Moll
118
What Autonomia has the most DO Pagos?
Castilla-La Mancha
119
What are the top bottlings from Bodegas Muga? Which is more classic and which is more modern?
Prado Enea: Sees 7 years aging, and is more traditional
Torres Muga: Sees 18 months French Oak, and is more modern
120
What are 3 notable bottlings of Rioja Blanca?
Marques de Murrieta "Capellania Reserva:" 100% Viura, 18 months French oak, 12 months in bottle
Lopez de Heredia "Vina Tondonia Gran Reserva:" Viura and Malvasia
CVNE "Monopole Clasico:" Viura with the addition of Manzanilla Sherry purchased from Hidalgo family. Returned to production in 2014.
121
What are the DOs of Andalucia?
```
Condado de Huelva DO
Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO
Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO
Montilla-Moriles DO
Malaga DO
Sierras de Malaga DO
```
122
Where must aging occur for Jerez-Xeres-Sherry DO wines?
For Manzanilla?
Jerez de la Fronterra
Sanlucar de Barrameda
El Puerto de Santa Maria
For Manzanilla it is Sanlucar de Barrameda
123
What are the main soil types for Sherry DO?
Albariza (marl composed of clay and marine fossils)
Barros (Clay)
Arenas (Sand)
124
What are the minimum and maximum ABV for Sherry styles?
```
Fino: 15-17%
Amontillado: 16-22%
Oloroso/Palo Cortado: 17-22%
Medium/Dry: 15-22%
Pale Cream/Cream: 15.5-22%
```
125
How many years in Solera is required for Sherry?
2 years minimum (3 years before 2010)
126
What is the maximum RS for Vino Generoso?
5 g/l RS
Covers Fino, Amontillado, Oloroso, Palo Cortado
127
What are the RS requirements for Vino Generoso de Licor?
Dry: 5-45 g/l
Medium: 5-115 g/l
Pale Cream: 45-115 g/l
Cream: 115-140 g/l
128
What are the usual base wines for Medium, Pale Cream, and Cream Sherry?
Medium: Amontillado
Pale Cream: Fino
Cream: Oloroso
129
In Sherry DO, what wines are allowed a certified age designation? What are the designations?
Amontillado, Oloroso, Palo Cortado, Pedro Ximenez VDN
VOS (Very Old Sherry): min. 20 years average
VORS (Very Old Rare Sherry): min. 30 years average
130
What are the minimum RS requirements for Sherry VDN? What kind of grapes are used?
Dulce: 160 g/l
Moscatel: 160 g/l
Pedro Ximenez: 212 g/l
Sunned (Soleo) grapes are used.
131
What variety is Moscatel?
Muscat of Alexandria
132
What does "En Rama" mean for a Sherry bottling?
Sherry bottled with no or minimal filtration
133
What is one big difference between Vino Generoso styles wines in Sherry DO and Montilla-Morales DO?
In Montilla-Morales, the wines are not always fortified because PX can achieve exceedingly high levels of ripeness.
134
What is the minimum RS for VDN style wines from Montilla-Morales DO?
Pedero Ximenez: 272 g/l
| Moscatel: 160 g/l
135
What was the first DO in Spain?
Malaga DO in 1933
136
What is "sancocho? What is "arrope?"
They are Vino de Color
Sancocho is concentrated grape must reduced by heating to one-third of its original volume.
Arrope is concentrated grape must (syrup) that has been reduced by heating to up to one-fifth of its original volume.
137
What are the aging designations and requirements for Malaga DO Vino de Licor?
```
Malaga Palido: less than 6 months
Malaga: 6 to 24 months in oak
Malaga Noble: 24 to 36 months in oak
Malaga Anejo: 36 to 60 months in oak
Malaga Transanejo: min. 60 months in oak
```
138
In Malaga DO, what are color indications and what do they signify?
They measure the addition of arrope
```
Dorado: No arrope addition
Rojo Dorado: up to 5%
Oscuro: between 5-10%
Color: between 10-15%
Negro: more than 15%
```
139
What are the Vino de Pagos of Navarra?
Arinzano (Tierra Estella)
Prado de Irache (Tierra Estella)
Otazu (Valdizarbe)
140
What are the Vino de Pagos of Valencia?
El Terrerazo
Los Balagueses
Vera de Estenas
Chozas Carrascal
All Utiel-Requena
141
What are the Vino de Pagos of Castilla-La Mancha?
```
Dominio de Valdepusa
Finca Elez
Guijoso
Dehesa del Carrizal
Campo de la Guardia
Florentino
Casa del Bianco
Calzadilla
Vallegarcia
La Jaraba
Los Cerrillos
El Vicario
```
142
What is "Llicorella?"
A mix of black schist and quartzite
143
Where may Jerez import Pedro Ximenez from?
Montilla-Moriles DO
144
What styles of wine are produced in Sierras de Malaga do?
Red, white, rose table wines
145
What river flanks Jerez?
Guadalquivir River, to the Northwest
146
What dry wind intensifies the heat in Andalucia?
What humid Atlantic wind promotes the growth of flor?
Levante Wind
Poniente Wind
147
How likely is acidification for Sherry?
Tartaric acid is routinely added
148
What is "mitad y mitad?"
A blend of grape spirit and mature Sherry used to fortify Sherry
149
What are the stages of quality for Sherry grape pressing? What is each used for?
Primera Yema (Free Run Juice) - 60-70% and used for Fino
Segunda Yema (First Press) - Used for oxidative styles
Mosto Prensa (Second Press) - Low quality juice for distillate
150
What is "Vara y Pulgar?"
Stick and Thumb
A vine training method used in Jerez
151
What is table wine from Jerez sold as?
IGP Cadiz
152
What producer is well known for Fino Inocente and Tio Diego Amontillado? What vineyard are they sourced from?
Valdespino
Macharnudo Alto vineyard, Jerez
Entirely on albariza soils
153
What is an "almacenista?"
A sherry stock holder who sells to shippers: a wholesaler
154
Who produces La Gitana? What style of Sherry is it? What vineyard would it be sourced from?
Bodegas Hidalgo
Manzanilla or En Rama
Miraflores in Sanlucar de Barrameda or Balbaina in Jerez
155
Who produces Tio Pepe? What style of Sherry is it?
Gonzalez Byass
Fino or En Rama
156
Bodegas Alvear focuses entirely on what grape?
Pedro Ximenez
157
Bodegas Alvear releases PX wines from Soleras with what age designations?
1830, 1910, 1927
158
How full is a Sherry butt filled to allow for flor growth?
5/6 full
159
Who was the first to bottle Manzanilla En Rama? When?
Who was the first to bottle Fino En Rama? When?
Bodegas Barbadillo "Solear En Rama" in 1999
Gonzalez Byass "Tio Pepe" En Rama" in 2010
