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Central Italy Flashcards

1
Q

What are considered the 5 regions of Central Italy?

A 
Tuscany
Umbria
Emelia-Romangna
The Marche
Lazio
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2
Q

What geographical features define Central Italy?

A

The Apennine Mountains, which make altitude an important part of where grapes are grown.

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3
Q

When was Sassicaia first made?

What grapes are used?

By what producer?

What enologist was hired to refine it?

A

1968

Mostly Cabernet Sauvignon with some Cab Franc

Tenuta San Guido

Giacomo Tachis

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4
Q

Of the four major Malvasias in Central Italy, what is each and where would you find it?

A

Malvasia Bianca Lunga - Tuscany, part of Chianti Blend and vin santo

Malvasia del Lazio - Lazio for Frascati, esp.

Malvasia Bianca di Candia - Lazio for Frascati, esp.

Malvasia Bianca di Candia Aromatica - Emilia-Romagna

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5
Q

What are the 3 most important Lambrusco varieties and their characteristics?

A

Lambrusco di Sorbara - lightest, most floral

Lambrusco Grasparossa - Tannic and structured

Lambrusco Salamino - Happy medium

All are associated with the province of Modena

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6
Q

What is Italy’s most planted grape?

A

Sangiovese

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7
Q

What was poured into Chianti bottles to protect them from oxidation?

A

Olive oil

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8
Q

Who developed the “formula” for modern Chianti? What did that formula entail?

A

Barone Bettino Ricasoli of Castello di Brolio

It established Sangiovese as the dominant grape, and moved the more popular Canaiolo into a supporting role.

Adding Malvasia Bianca Lunga was also suggested for younger drinking reds.

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9
Q

What is the “Gallo Nero?”

A

The black rooster of Chianti Classico fame

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10
Q

What are the sub-zones of Chianti?

Which was most recently added?

A 
Chianti Rufina
Chianti Colli Fiorentini
Chianti Montespertoli (1997)
Chianti Montalbano
Chianti Colli Senesi
Chianti Colli Aretini
Chianti Colline Pisane
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11
Q

In what year was Chianti granted DOC status?

In what year was Chianti granted DOCG status?

In what year was Chianti Classico granted DOCG status separate from Chianti?

A

1967

1984

1996

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12
Q

What are some notable monovarietal Sangiovese based wines that were designated Vino da Tavola?

A

Isole e Olena “Cepparello”

Fontodi “Flaccianello della Pieve”

Felsina “Fontalloro”

Montevertine “Le Pergole Torte”

All continue to be bottled as IGT

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13
Q

Are white wine grapes allowed in the production of Chianti Classico?

A

No

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14
Q

What percentage of French varieties is allowed in Chianti Classico?

When was that figure last changed?

A

20%

2000

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15
Q

What are some geographical features that define Chianti Rufina?

A

Proximity to the Sieve River

Closer to the Apennine Mountains than the rest of Chianti

Most Northerly subzone

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16
Q

What are the most notable producers of Chianti Rufina?

A

Selvapiana

Frescobaldi

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17
Q

What are the most important soil types of Chianti Classico?

A

Galestro: schistic clay

Alberese: Marl, similar to limestone

Macigno: Gray-blue sandstone

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18
Q

What subzone of Chianti has the highest average elevation?

A

Radda, at above 650m

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19
Q

What are the minimum Sangiovese requirements for Chianti?

For Chianti Classico?

A

70%

80%

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20
Q

What other indigenous red grapes are used for Chianti blends?

A 
Canaiolo
Colorino
Ciliegiolo
Malvasia Nera
Mammolo
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21
Q

What percentage of white grapes may be used in the production of Chianti?

A

10%

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22
Q

What is the “governo” technique? Where is it used and for what purpose?

A

The addition of partially dried grapes to fermentation

Chianti DOCG

Traditionally used to fix stuck fermentation.

Wines must be labeled “Governo all’uso Toscano”

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23
Q

What are the aging requirements of Chianti?

What are the aging requirements of Chianti Classico

A

Normale: March 1 following harvest
Superiore: September 1 following harvest
Riserva: January 1 after 2 years

Chianti Classico: October 1 following harvest
Riserva: 2 years, 3 months in bottle
Gran Selezione: 30 months aging, 3 months in bottle

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24
Q

When was Chianti Classico “Gran Selezione” introduced?

A

2013

It was retroactively applied to wines from 2010

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25
Q

What was Montalcino’s initial claim to fame?

A

White Moscadello wines, popular as far back as the Renaissance

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26
Q

Who is credited with inventing the category of Brunello?

A

Clemente Santi of Biondi-Santi

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27
Q

What are some features of Slavonian Oak that distinguish it?

A

The wood is especially compact and tightly grained.

Barrels also tend to be larger, 500L to 1000L, which reduces wine to wood contact.

Traditionally, barrels are also used for longer periods of time.

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28
Q

What are some of the longest running producers of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Fattoria dei Barbi

Fattoria di Argiano

Fattoria di Sant’Angelo
(Divided now into Il Poggione and Col d’Orcia)

29
Q

When was Brunello granted DOC status?

When was Brunello granted DOCG status?

A

1966

1980: it was Italy’s first DOCG

30
Q

What notable consulting winemaker in Brunello has helped shape winemaking in broader Tuscany with his palate?

A

Giulio Gambelli

31
Q

When was Castello Banfi established?

A

1978

32
Q

In what year did Brunellogate erupt?

What vintage was it related to?

A

2008

2003

33
Q

What is Italy’s most expensive wine on average?

A

Brunello di Montalcino

34
Q

What are the aging requirements for wines from Montalcino?

A

Rosso: September 1 of year after harvest

Brunello: 5 years total (2 years in wood, 4 months in bottle)

Riserva: 6 years total (2 years in wood, 6 months in bottle)

35
Q

What other DOCs share the boundaries of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Moscadello di Montalcino (Il Poggione still produces this)

Sant’Antimo (exists mainly to allow the use of international varietals)

36
Q

What notable producers led the push to quality for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Avignonesi

Poliziano

37
Q

When was Vino Nobile di Montepulciano granted DOC status?

DOCG status?

A

1966

1980

The same years as Brunello di Montalcino

38
Q

What are the aging requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Rosso: March 1 of following year
Vino Nobile: 2 years in any of the following manner
-24 months oak
-18 months oak, 6 other vessel
-12 months oak, 6 bottle
Riserva: 3 years (min. 6 months in bottle)

39
Q

What is the minimum amount of Sangiovese that must be used for Vino Nobile?

A

70%

40
Q

What are the separate appellations for Vin Santo?

A

Vin Santo del/di:

Chianti Classico DOC
Chianti DOC
Carmignano DOC
Montepulciano DOC

41
Q

What is a “madre” in vin santo production?

A

A sludgy mass of yeast and old wine used to induce fermentation.

42
Q

What was Italy’s first DOC?

When was it awarded?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

1966

43
Q

What is the blend used for Sassicaia?

A

85% Cabernet Sauvginon

15% Cabernet Franc

44
Q

What event made viticulture in Maremma DOC possible?

A

Mussolini drained the swamp in the mid-1930s.

45
Q

What are the varietal requirements for Offida DOCG?

A

White: 85% Passerina or Pecorino

Red: 85% Montepulciano

46
Q

What DOCGs are there in Abruzzo?

A

Terre Tollesi / Tullum DOCG: (Pecorino, Passerina, Montepulciano)

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG: (min. 90% Montepulciano)

47
Q

What are the DOCs for Vin Santo in Tuscany?

What are aging requirements?

A

Vin Santo del Chianti
-3 years/4 years

Vin Santo del Chianti Classico
-3 years (24 months in wood)/No Riserva

Vin Santo di Carmignano
-3 years/4 years

Vin Santo di Montepulciano
-3 years/4 years/6 years (Occhio di Pernice)

48
Q

What Occhio di Pernice DOC mandates the highest percentage of Sangiovese?

A

Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC

80%

All the others mandate min. 50%

49
Q

What is the DOCG of Elba and what is it devoted to?

A

Elba Aleatico Passito

min. 10 days of air drying, and 12% ABV (19 potential)

50
Q

What estate has it’s own DOC within Bolgheri?

A

Sassicaia

51
Q

What producer located within Morellino di Scansano DOC is known for producing Bordeaux blends? Who helped them produce the wine?

What are their cuvees of note?

A

Fattoria Le Pupille

Giacomo Tachis

Saffredi - Bordeaux Blend
Le Pupille - 100% Syrah (and more expensive)

52
Q

What was the first wine region in the world to be delimited? When?

What villages were included?

A

Chianti

1716

Radda, Gaiole, Castellina

53
Q

Who makes Tignanello?

What was the first vintage?

What makes it special?

A

Antinori

1971

It was the first wine to combine Sangiovese (80%) with Cab Sauv and Cab Franc. It is from a single-vineyard, 350-400m high, on limestone rich soils facing southwest.

Solaia is their other offering, 75% Cab Sauv, 20% Sangiovese.

54
Q

What are some other estates owned by Antinori?

A

Pian delle Vigne - Montalcino

Guado al Tasso - Bolgheri

Antica - Napa Valley

55
Q

What are the elevation requirements for Vino Nobile Vineyards?

A

250-600 meters

56
Q

Alliance Vinum was founded when, by who, and for what?

A

2017

Avignonesi, Boscarelli, Dei, La Braccesca, Polziano, and Salchetto in Vino Nobile joined together to promote all Sangiovese wines.

57
Q

What grapes are traditionally used for the production of Vin Santo?

A

Malvasia Bianca
Grechetto Bianco
Trebbiano Toscano

58
Q

What are the styles and varietal requirements of Montefalco DOC?

A

Bianco: min. 50% Trebbiano Spoletino

Grechetto: min. 85% Grechetto

Rosso: min. 60-80% Sangiovese, min. 10-25% Sagrantino

Rosso Riserva: Same as Rosso

59
Q

What are the aging requirements of Montefalco Rosso/Riserva DOC?

What are the aging requirements of Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG?

A

Montefalco Rosso: 18 months

Montefalco Rosso Riserva: 30 months, 12 in wood

Montefalco Sagrantino: 37 months, 12 in wood, 4 in bottle

60
Q

What is the minimum ABV of Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG?

What are the RS requirements of Montefalco Sagrantino Passito?

A

13% (13.5% with Vigna designation)

Passito: 80-180 g/l RS

61
Q

What are the varietal requirements of Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG?

A

100% Sagrantino

62
Q

Who are some notable producers of Montefalco Sagrantino?

A

Paolo Bea
-“Cerrete”

Arnaldo Caprai
-“25 Anniversario”

Fongoli

63
Q

What are the varietal requirements of Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG?

What are the aging requirements?

Who is a notable producer?

A

min. 70% Sangiovese
min. 3 years, 6 months in bottle

Lungarotti
-“Rubesco Vigna Monticchio”

64
Q

What styles of Orvieto may be produced?

A

Secco, Abboccato, Amabile, Dolce, Superiore, Vendemmia Tardiva, Muffa Nobile

65
Q

What are the Varietal requirements for Orvieto DOC?

A

min. 60% Trebbiano Toscano and Grechetto

66
Q

Who is a quality producer of Orvieto? What is a special bottle they make?

A

Barberani

“Luigi e Giovanna” is a dry wine made with botrytized grapes

67
Q

What are the varietal requirements of Carmignano DOCG?

What are the aging requirements?

A

Min. 50% Sangiovese, 10-20% Cab Franc and Cab Sauv
Max. 20% Canaiolo, max 10% White grapes, max. 10% other red grapes

Normale: 8 months in wood, June 1 of the 2nd year
Riserva: 12 months in wood, Sept. 29 of 3rd year (Feast of St. Michael).

68
Q

What is Vernaccia di Serrapetrona? Where is it made? How is it made?

A

It is a sparkling red wine from Marche made from 85% Vernaccia Nera grapes. It is usually sweet or semi-sweet.

It undergoes 3 fermentations, the second using 40% rasinated grapes, the final to attain its sparkle.

Advanced Somm (37 decks)

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