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Advanced Somm > Champagne - General > Flashcards

Champagne - General Flashcards

1
Q

What is Dom Perignon’s lasting contribution to Champagne?

A

Assemblage

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2
Q

Where was Dom Perignon cellar master?

A

Abbey of Hautvillers in the Marne

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3
Q

What is the oldest Champagne house still in operation? When was it founded?

A

Gosset in 1584

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4
Q

What is the oldest sparkling Champagne house still in operation? When was it founded?

A

Ruinart in 1729

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5
Q

What did the Champenoise use to color their wines?

A

Elderberry

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6
Q

What did Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin pioneer? Who was she?

A

She was the Veuve (Widow) Cliqout

She pioneered the process of “remuage” or riddling to remove sediment from bottles during disgorgement

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7
Q

Who discovered the relationship between sugar and fermentation?

A

Jean-Antoine Chaptal

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8
Q

Who released the first Brut Champagne, and when?

A

Pommery “Nature”

1874

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9
Q

When was the region of Champagne first delimited?

A

1908

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10
Q

When was the Aube reinstated as a Champagne producing region?

A

1927

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11
Q

When was the Commission de Chalons founded? What were its roles?

A

1935

To promote quality standards and regulate pricing

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12
Q

What organization grew from the work of the Commission de Chalons to regulate Champagne? When, and who founded it?

A

Comite Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne (CIVC)

1941

Count Robert-Jean de Vogue of Moet et Chandon

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13
Q

What wine started the trend of tete de cuvee bottlings? When was it released?

A

“Dom Perignon” by Moet et Chandon

1921

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14
Q

When was the last time Champagne’s borders were broadened?

A

2009

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15
Q

In what parallels is Champagne located?

A

Between the 48th and 49th

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16
Q

What are the major viticultural hazards of Champagne?

A

Frost, hail, rain, fungal disease

Cold and moisture

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17
Q

What is a “bouvreux?”

A

A second crop caused by rain interrupting flowering

It rarely ripens

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18
Q

What is the most famous soil of Champagne? The second?

A

Belemnite Chalk, found on the slopes

Micraster Chalk is found in the valleys

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19
Q

What is the dominant soil type of the Aube?

A

Clay

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20
Q

What are “le bleus de ville?”

A

Remnants of bags used to transport compostable garbage to Champagne

The practice was outlawed in 1998

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21
Q

What are the less well-known grapes allowed for Champagne?

A

Pinot Blanc Vrai
Arbane
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier

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22
Q

What are the limits of extraction on wine?

A

102 L per 160KG

2550 L per 4000 KG (a marc of grapes, the amount held by a traditional Coquard basket press)

All this brings the final yield down from 100 hl/ha to 66 hl/ha

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23
Q

What are the four pruning methods allowed in Champagne?

A

Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Vallee de la Marne
Guyot (double and simple)

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24
Q

What are “blocage” and “deblocage?”

A

The reserve and release of wine stocks for use

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25
Q

What is the “Echelle de Crus?”

A

A percentile system in use until 1990 that determined the prices for grapes

Set by CIVC until 1990

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26
Q

What range on the Echelle de Crus denoted 1er Cru status?

A

90% to 99%

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27
Q

What 1er Crus have a 99% rating?

A

Mareuil-sur-Ay in Vallee de la Marne

Tauxieres in Montagne de Reims

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28
Q

What percentage of grapes must be produced by a grower to be labeled a Recoltant Manipulant?

A

95%

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29
Q

Aside from NM and RM, what are the other types of producers in Champagne?

A

CM (Cooperative Manipulant): Growers co-op, single brand
RC (Recoltant Cooperateur): Grower vinifies at co-op, has own brand
SR (Societie de Recoltants): A firm set up by growers to make wines with several brands
ND (Negociant Distributeur): Company that distributes Champagne it didn’t make
MA (Marquee d’Acheteur): A buyers brand that purchases wine and sells under its own label

30
Q

What are the three wines produced during pressing?

A

Out of 2550 L

Vin de Cuvee: first 2050 L
Vin de Taille: the following 500 L
Rebeche: A third extraction mandated by law comprising 1-10% of the total

31
Q

What is “debourage?”

A

The process of settling at a cool temperature so that solids (bourbes) can be racked off

32
Q

What is “vin clair?”

A

High-acid base wine of around 11% ABV that results from primary fermentation

33
Q

What is “liquer de tirage?”

A

A mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents used to ignite the secondary fermentation

34
Q

What is the “prise de mousse?”

A

Secondary fermentation

35
Q

What is the plastic capsule affixed to Champagne bottles used to capture sediment?

A

Bidule

36
Q

What is the general pressure within a Champagne bottle?

A

5 to 6 atmospheres

37
Q

What is “sur latte?” What is “sur pointe?”

A

Storing of a bottle on its side

Storing of a bottle upside down

38
Q

What is the minimum amount of time that wines must spend on their lees for NV? How much total aging?

A

12 months on lees

15 months total (including lees)

39
Q

What is “pointage?”

A

The shaking of bottles to prevent sediment from sticking

40
Q

What is a “pupitre?”

A

Wooden planks fastened together into an “A” that allowed bottles to be placed neck down and spun to remove sediment

41
Q

How many bottles can a modern gyropallette hold for remuage?

A

504

42
Q

What is “degorgement a la glace?” What is “degorgement a la volee?”

A

Using freezing brine to expel sediment

Expelling sediment without the freezing brine solution

43
Q

What is “liqeur de expedition?”

A

Mixture of sugar syrup and wine used for dosage

44
Q

What are the sweetness levels for Champagne? How much RS?

A 
Brut Nature: 0-3g/l
Extra Brut: 0-6 g/l
Brut: 0-12 g/l
Extra Dry: 12-17 g/l
Sec (Dry): 17-35 g/l
Demi-Sec: 35-50 g/l
Doux: 50+ g/l
45
Q

What is a “muselet?”

A

The wire cage affixed to a Champagne bottle

There are 6 and a half twists

46
Q

What is the minimum aging for vintage Champagne?

A

36 months in the cellar

47
Q

For what size bottles is “transvesage” allowed? What is it?

A

It is the transfer method

It is allowed for bottles smaller than a half size, and larger than a Jeroboam

48
Q

What are the names and volumes of larger bottle sizes in Champagne?

A 
Jeroboam (3L - 4 bottles)
Rehoboam (4.5L - 6 bottles, discontinued in 1983)
Methuselah (6L - 8 bottles)
Salmanazar (9L - 12 bottles)
Balthazar (12L - 16 bottles)
Nebuchadnezzar (15L - 20 bottles)
Soloman (18L - 24 bottles)
49
Q

What is the “Club Tresors?”

A

Group of RM producers

50
Q

When did Special Club bottlings begin?

A

1971

51
Q

How much of a given years harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne? How much of a vintage bottling must come from the stated vintage?

A

80%

100%

52
Q

Who produced “Clos de Goisses?” When? Where?

A

Philliponnat

1935 inaugural vintage

Mareuil-sur-Ay

53
Q

What are the still wine appellations of Champagne? What do they make?

A

Coteaux Champenois - Red, White, Rose

Rose de Riceys - 100% Pinot Noir Rose produced in Les RIceys in the Aube

54
Q

What are the Grand Crus of Montagne de Reims?

A 
Sillery
Puisieulx
Beaumont-Sur-Vesle
Verzenay
Mailly-Champagne
Verzy
Louvois
Bouzy
Ambonnay
55
Q

What are the Grand Crus of the Vallee de la Marne?

A

Ay

Tours-sur-Marne

56
Q

What are the Grand Crus of the Cote des Blancs?

A 
Chouilly
Oiry
Cramant
Avize
Oger
Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
57
Q

What is the smallest Grand Cru? The Largest?

A

Puisieulx (18.8ha)

Chouilly (522.5ha)

58
Q

What 1er Cru Villages had a 99% rating under the echelle de crus?

A

Tauxieres

Mareuil-sur-Ay

59
Q

Where is the Clos St-Hilaire vineyard located? What wine is made by who?

A

Mareuil-sur-Ay, Vallee de la Marne

Blanc de Noirs by Billecart Salmon

60
Q

Where is the Clos du Moulin vineyard located? What wine is made by who?

A

Chigny-les-Roses 1er Cru, Montagne de Reims

Both Brut and Brut Rose are made

Champagne Cattier beginning in 1952

61
Q

What wine is produced from the Les Beguines vineyard? By who? What is special about it?

A

Jerome Prevost “La Closiere” and the very rare “Facsimile” Rose, which is made from virused vines

They are 100% Pinot Meunier, Prevost was the first to do so

They are always labeled Brut Nature or Extra Brut, there is no dosage

62
Q

Where is the Terres de Noel vineyard? What wine is produced by who?

A

Oger in the Cote des Blancs

Blanc de Blancs

Jean Milan

63
Q

Where is the Les Chetillons vineyard located? What wine is produced by who?

A

Le Mesnil sur Oger

Cuvee Speciale by Pierre Peters

64
Q

Where is Salon? What was its first vintage? What was the first commercial vintage?

A

Le Mesnil-sur-Oger

First vintage was in 1905 for private consumption

First commercial vintage was in 1921

65
Q

What is considered the first blanc des blancs Champagne?

A

Salon

It is always vintage, and the wines spend 10 years on the lees

66
Q

What Champagne houses have the first rights to Salon’s fruit if a wine is not made?

A

Delamotte first, then Laurent-Perrier

67
Q

What is the inaugural vintage of “Clos du Mesnil?” “Clos d’Ambonnay?”

A

1979

1995

68
Q

What is MCR in Champagne?

A

Mout Concentre et Rectifie

Concentrated and rectified grape must used as liquer d’expedition

69
Q

When was the sale of wine in bottle legalized? By who?

A

1728 by King Louis XV

This made modern Champagne possible

70
Q

What is the process of “sur latte” trading?

A

Buying stocks of wine from other houses or growers, and using using a more famous label.

71
Q

What highly successful vintage also set the stage for long running disagreements between Negociants and Growers?

A

1934

The crop was so bountiful and market so small that producers couldn’t buy grapes.

Growers had to start making their own wines to make use of the grapes.

Advanced Somm (37 decks)

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