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1
Q

What city did the Phoenicians found around 1100 BCE on the southern coast of Spain?

A

Gadir (modern Cádiz)

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2
Q

What significant contribution did Phoenician ships make to the wine trade?

A

They carried grapes from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands, and the Iberian peninsula, which are genetic ancestors of modern Spanish varieties.

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3
Q

Which civilization improved winemaking techniques after the Phoenicians?

A

The Romans

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4
Q

What was the impact of the Moors on winemaking in Spain?

A

Winemaking became a secondary pursuit due to the religious prohibition of alcohol, although grape growing persisted for raisins and distillation.

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5
Q

What happened to Spanish wine during the expansion of Columbus in 1492?

A

Spanish wine benefitted from renewed legal approval and was exported to supply Spanish colonies.

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6
Q

What type of Spanish wine became popular in the English market from the end of the 15th century?

A

Sherry wines

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7
Q

What legislation in the 17th century affected Spanish colonies regarding wine production?

A

Spanish law barred the colonies from producing their own wine.

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8
Q

What major disease affected the French vineyards in the 1850s and 1860s?

A

Oidium and phylloxera

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9
Q

What influence did French winemakers have on Spanish wine during the phylloxera crisis?

A

They sought Spanish wine to bridge the interruption of their disease-ridden vineyards.

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10
Q

What is the significance of the Denominación de Origen (DO) in Spanish wine?

A

It represents a quality wine classification system.

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11
Q

What are the aging requirements for Noble wines?

A

Minimum 18 months aging in cask or bottle

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12
Q

What is the main grape variety used in red Rioja?

A

Tempranillo

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13
Q

What is the minimum percentage of traditional blending partners required in a red Rioja blend?

A

85% of Tempranillo, Mazuelo, Graciano, and Garnacha

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14
Q

What is the aging requirement for Gran Reserva red wines in Rioja?

A

At least two years in cask and two years in bottle, totaling at least 60 months

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15
Q

What are the three climatically distinct subzones of Rioja?

A

Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa, Rioja Oriental

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16
Q

What is the primary white grape variety in Rioja?

A

Viura (Macabéo)

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17
Q

What was established in 2017 regarding single vineyard wines in Rioja?

A

An official single vineyard category allowing Viñedos Singulares to be registered.

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18
Q

What is the aging requirement for Vino Espumoso de Calidad?

A

Minimum of 15 months lees aging

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19
Q

What percentage of Navarra’s production is red wine?

A

Approximately 60%

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20
Q

What are the major red varieties in Navarra?

A

Garnacha and Tempranillo

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21
Q

What climate conditions affect the Campo de Borja DO?

A

Hot climate similar to Navarra’s Ribera Baja and Rioja’s Oriental zone

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22
Q

What are the four DOs in the autonomía of Aragon?

A

Campo de Borja, Calatayud, Cariñena, Somontano

These DOs are known for their production of red and white wines, particularly from the Garnacha grape.

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23
Q

Which grape dominates the vineyard acreage in Campo de Borja?

A

Garnacha

Garnacha accounts for around two-thirds of the vineyard acreage in this DO.

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24
Q

What is the ancestral home of the Carignan/Mazuelo grape?

A

Cariñena

Cariñena is one of Spain’s longest-established delimited zones, dating back to 1932.

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25
What types of wines does the Somontano DO produce?
Wines from local grapes, Spanish varieties, and international varieties ## Footnote Somontano is known for its diverse range of wine production, including local grapes like Alcañón.
26
What are the five DOs in Galicia?
Rías Baixas, Ribeiro, Valdeorras, Ribeira Sacra, Monterrei ## Footnote Galicia is recognized for its lush vegetation and ideal climate for white wine production.
27
What grape is primarily used in Rías Baixas DO?
Albariño ## Footnote Rías Baixas wines labeled as Albariño must not contain any blending grapes.
28
Which grape is favored for red wines in Ribeiro DO?
Caiño ## Footnote Ribeiro is one of Spain’s oldest wine regions, known for both red and white wines.
29
What is the predominant grape in Getariako Txakolina?
Ondarrabi Zuri ## Footnote This grape accounts for 95% of vineyard acreage in Getariako.
30
What is the climate like in Castilla y León?
Continental climate with extreme highs and lows ## Footnote The region's climate is influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic and Mediterranean.
31
What is the flagship estate of Ribera del Duero?
Vega Sicilia ## Footnote Vega Sicilia is renowned for its high-quality wines and historical significance in the region.
32
What is the aging requirement for wines labeled as crianza in Ribera del Duero?
Two years prior to release, including one year in cask ## Footnote These requirements differ slightly from the normal DO standards.
33
What grape variety is primarily used for red wines in Toro DO?
Tinta de Toro ## Footnote Tinta de Toro is a local strain of Tempranillo that ripens well in the region's climate.
34
Which region in Spain is known for its sparkling wine production?
Catalonia ## Footnote Catalonia is where traditional method sparkling winemaking debuted in Spain.
35
What is the significance of Priorat DOCa in Catalonia?
Home to innovative wine projects and modern winemaking techniques ## Footnote Priorat exemplifies the blend of tradition and modernity in Catalan wines.
36
Fill in the blank: The predominant grape in Valdeorras DO is _______.
Godello ## Footnote Valdeorras is known for producing high-acid, fruit-driven Godello whites.
37
What type of wine is Vino Tostado?
A dried grape wine ## Footnote This specialty is produced in Ribeiro DO.
38
What are the subregions of Ribeira Sacra DO?
Amandi, Chantada, Quiroga-Bibei, Ribeiras do Sil, Ribeiras do Miño ## Footnote Ribeira Sacra is known for its steeply terraced slopes and high-quality wines.
39
What is the minimum percentage of Tempranillo required for red wines in Ribera del Duero?
75% ## Footnote Tempranillo, also known as Tinto del País, is the premier grape in this region.
40
True or False: Asturias and Cantabria produce DO wines.
False ## Footnote These regions do not have any DO wines, unlike País Vasco which has three DO zones.
41
What is the primary grape used in the wines of Cigales DO?
Garnacha Tinta ## Footnote Cigales is particularly noted for its rosado production.
42
What is the newest DO in Castilla y León as of 2022?
Urueña ## Footnote This DO is part of the growing recognition of the region's wine production.
43
Who introduced stainless steel fermentation to Spain and when?
Torres in the 1960s.
44
In which region did René Barbier plant grapes to create a bold new Spanish red wine?
Catalonia.
45
What is the name of the second region in Spain promoted to DOCa?
Priorat.
46
What traditional grape varieties are primarily grown in Priorat?
* Garnacha * Cariñena
47
What type of soil characterizes the best vineyards in Priorat?
Llicorella.
48
What year did René Barbier plant a mix of local and French vines in Gratallops?
1979.
49
What are the five original 'Clos' wines of Priorat?
* Clos Mogador * Clos Dofi * Clos Erasmus * Clos de l’Obac * Clos Martinet
50
What is the village category established by Priorat in 2009 for estate-grown wines?
Vino de Pueblo (Vi de Vila in Catalan).
51
What is the main focus of Tarragona DO wines historically?
Fortified rancio or mistela.
52
Which grape variety is primarily used for dessert wines in Alicante DO?
Monastrell.
53
What is the traditional style of red wine produced in Utiel-Requena called?
Doble Pasta.
54
What grape variety dominates the vineyards in Jumilla?
Monastrell.
55
What is the principal grape variety of La Mancha?
Cencibel (Tempranillo).
56
What is unique about the Airén grape in La Mancha?
It used to claim more acreage than any other white grape in the world.
57
What type of wines do the DO Pago estates in Castilla-La Mancha aim to produce?
Wines of 'expression.'
58
Which DO in Spain was granted its own status in 2003 after being a subzone of La Mancha?
Ribera del Júcar DO.
59
What is the most planted grape in Valdepeñas DO?
Airén.
60
What types of wines are produced in the Uclés DO?
* Red * White * Sparkling * Sweet, dulce
61
What is the significance of the four-pointed star on the cork of Cava bottles?
It identifies Cava wines.
62
What is the main grape variety used for Cava production?
* Parellada * Xarel-lo * Macabeu
63
Fill in the blank: Cava wines require a minimum of _______ months on the lees for Cava de Guarda.
nine
64
What is the historical significance of Sant Sadurní d’Anoia?
Birthplace of Cava.
65
True or False: The Catalunya DO allows more freedom of blending and expression from a range of sites.
True.
66
What is the focus of the Empordà DO?
Cariñena rosados.
67
What is the historical specialty of Malvasía de Sitges?
A sweet fortified wine.
68
What unique feature does the DO Pago status confer to certain estates?
Recognition for high-quality wine production.
69
What types of wines are permitted in Mondéjar DO?
Wines of all three colors from Cencibel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Macabéo, and Malvar grape. ## Footnote This region allows for a variety of wine styles, enhancing its diversity.
70
What are the four areas of Vinos de Madrid DO?
San Martín de Valdeiglesias, Navalcarnero, Arganda, el Molar. ## Footnote These areas are noncontiguous and surround Madrid, contributing to local wine production.
71
Which grape varieties are widely planted in Vinos de Madrid DO?
Airén, Malvar, Tinto Fino, Negra de Madrid (Garnacha). ## Footnote These varieties are significant for the appellation's wines.
72
What is the sole DO in Extremadura?
Ribera del Guadiana. ## Footnote This region is known for its large DO and six subzones.
73
Name the six subzones of Ribera del Guadiana.
* Ribera Alta de Guadiana * Ribera Baja de Guadiana * Matanegra * Cañamero * Montánchez * Tierra de Barros ## Footnote Tierra de Barros is notable for its significant wine production.
74
What is the primary agricultural product associated with Ribera del Guadiana?
Jamón serrano and jamón ibérico. ## Footnote This region is better known for its gastronomy than for wine.
75
Which area is home to Bodegas Inviosa?
Tierra de Barros. ## Footnote Bodegas Inviosa is a key proponent of the region’s wines and the only producer of Cava in southwestern Spain.
76
List the DO zones included in Andalucía.
* Greanda * Málaga * Sierras de Málaga * Montilla-Moriles * Condado de Huelva * Jerez-Xérès-Sherry * Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda ## Footnote These areas reflect the rich cultural heritage and wine production of Andalucía.
77
What historical significance does the Strait of Gibraltar hold?
It represents a historically important trading route and may have been the route for human migration into Europe. ## Footnote This area has shaped trade and cultural exchange for centuries.
78
Who transformed Andalucía into a hub of Mediterranean trade?
The Moors. ## Footnote Their influence lasted until the fall of Granada in 1492.
79
What was Jerez de la Frontera known as in Arabic?
Sherish. ## Footnote This term is important in the context of Sherry's historical branding.
80
What event sparked the race for colonial power and discovery in the Americas?
Columbus setting sail from Andalucía in 1492. ## Footnote This had a profound effect on the future of Spanish wine.
81
What was the English term for the wines of Jerez?
Sack. ## Footnote This term reflects the historical export of Jerez wines to England.
82
True or False: Sherry became an incredibly popular export to Great Britain over three centuries.
True. ## Footnote The demand for Sherry greatly increased during this period.
83
What led to the increased supply of Sherry during the 17th and 18th centuries?
British firms founded bodegas and purchased wine stocks from distant areas. ## Footnote This expansion was crucial for the industry.
84
What caused the decline in the Sherry industry in the late 1800s?
The arrival of phylloxera in 1894 and increased production of 'Sherry' styles throughout Europe. ## Footnote These factors severely impacted quality and production.
85
When did Sherry attain DO status?
1933. ## Footnote This marked a significant turning point for the industry.
86
What are the two DO zones that share the same vineyards in Jerez?
Jerez-Xérès-Sherry and Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda. ## Footnote These zones are integral to Sherry production.
87
What are the three authorized grape varieties for Sherry?
* Palomino * Pedro Ximénez * Moscatel ## Footnote These grapes contribute to the distinct characteristics of Sherry wines.
88
Fill in the blank: Palomino produces characterless table wines but is the preferred variety for _______.
dry Sherry. ## Footnote This grape thrives in the region's unique soils.
89
What is the principal grape in Montilla-Moriles?
Pedro Ximénez (PX). ## Footnote This grape is important for producing wines similar to Sherry.
90
What are the five age categories for Málaga wines?
* Málaga Pálido * Málaga * Málaga Noble * Málaga Añejo * Málaga Trasañejo ## Footnote These categories indicate the aging process and quality of the wines.
91
What is a unique characteristic of the Canary Islands' wine production?
Phylloxera never reached the Canaries. ## Footnote This has allowed for the preservation of century-old vines.
92
What types of grapes are typically used for red wines in the Canary Islands?
* Listán Negro * Negramoll * Malvasía Rosada * Listán Prieto ## Footnote These varieties reflect the unique viticultural conditions of the islands.

Vín (22 decks)

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