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1
Q

What city did the Phoenicians found around 1100 BCE on the southern coast of Spain?

A

Gadir (modern Cádiz)

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2
Q

What significant contribution did Phoenician ships make to the wine trade?

A

They carried grapes from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands, and the Iberian peninsula, which are genetic ancestors of modern Spanish varieties.

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3
Q

Which civilization improved winemaking techniques after the Phoenicians?

A

The Romans

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4
Q

What was the impact of the Moors on winemaking in Spain?

A

Winemaking became a secondary pursuit due to the religious prohibition of alcohol, although grape growing persisted for raisins and distillation.

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5
Q

What happened to Spanish wine during the expansion of Columbus in 1492?

A

Spanish wine benefitted from renewed legal approval and was exported to supply Spanish colonies.

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6
Q

What type of Spanish wine became popular in the English market from the end of the 15th century?

A

Sherry wines

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7
Q

What legislation in the 17th century affected Spanish colonies regarding wine production?

A

Spanish law barred the colonies from producing their own wine.

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8
Q

What major disease affected the French vineyards in the 1850s and 1860s?

A

Oidium and phylloxera

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9
Q

What influence did French winemakers have on Spanish wine during the phylloxera crisis?

A

They sought Spanish wine to bridge the interruption of their disease-ridden vineyards.

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10
Q

What is the significance of the Denominación de Origen (DO) in Spanish wine?

A

It represents a quality wine classification system.

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11
Q

What are the aging requirements for Noble wines?

A

Minimum 18 months aging in cask or bottle

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12
Q

What is the main grape variety used in red Rioja?

A

Tempranillo

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13
Q

What is the minimum percentage of traditional blending partners required in a red Rioja blend?

A

85% of Tempranillo, Mazuelo, Graciano, and Garnacha

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14
Q

What is the aging requirement for Gran Reserva red wines in Rioja?

A

At least two years in cask and two years in bottle, totaling at least 60 months

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15
Q

What are the three climatically distinct subzones of Rioja?

A

Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa, Rioja Oriental

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16
Q

What is the primary white grape variety in Rioja?

A

Viura (Macabéo)

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17
Q

What was established in 2017 regarding single vineyard wines in Rioja?

A

An official single vineyard category allowing Viñedos Singulares to be registered.

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18
Q

What is the aging requirement for Vino Espumoso de Calidad?

A

Minimum of 15 months lees aging

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19
Q

What percentage of Navarra’s production is red wine?

A

Approximately 60%

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20
Q

What are the major red varieties in Navarra?

A

Garnacha and Tempranillo

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21
Q

What climate conditions affect the Campo de Borja DO?

A

Hot climate similar to Navarra’s Ribera Baja and Rioja’s Oriental zone

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22
Q

What are the four DOs in the autonomía of Aragon?

A

Campo de Borja, Calatayud, Cariñena, Somontano

These DOs are known for their production of red and white wines, particularly from the Garnacha grape.

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23
Q

Which grape dominates the vineyard acreage in Campo de Borja?

A

Garnacha

Garnacha accounts for around two-thirds of the vineyard acreage in this DO.

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24
Q

What is the ancestral home of the Carignan/Mazuelo grape?

A

Cariñena

Cariñena is one of Spain’s longest-established delimited zones, dating back to 1932.

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25
Q

What types of wines does the Somontano DO produce?

A

Wines from local grapes, Spanish varieties, and international varieties

Somontano is known for its diverse range of wine production, including local grapes like Alcañón.

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26
Q

What are the five DOs in Galicia?

A

Rías Baixas, Ribeiro, Valdeorras, Ribeira Sacra, Monterrei

Galicia is recognized for its lush vegetation and ideal climate for white wine production.

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27
Q

What grape is primarily used in Rías Baixas DO?

A

Albariño

Rías Baixas wines labeled as Albariño must not contain any blending grapes.

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28
Q

Which grape is favored for red wines in Ribeiro DO?

A

Caiño

Ribeiro is one of Spain’s oldest wine regions, known for both red and white wines.

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29
Q

What is the predominant grape in Getariako Txakolina?

A

Ondarrabi Zuri

This grape accounts for 95% of vineyard acreage in Getariako.

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30
Q

What is the climate like in Castilla y León?

A

Continental climate with extreme highs and lows

The region’s climate is influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic and Mediterranean.

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31
Q

What is the flagship estate of Ribera del Duero?

A

Vega Sicilia

Vega Sicilia is renowned for its high-quality wines and historical significance in the region.

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32
Q

What is the aging requirement for wines labeled as crianza in Ribera del Duero?

A

Two years prior to release, including one year in cask

These requirements differ slightly from the normal DO standards.

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33
Q

What grape variety is primarily used for red wines in Toro DO?

A

Tinta de Toro

Tinta de Toro is a local strain of Tempranillo that ripens well in the region’s climate.

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34
Q

Which region in Spain is known for its sparkling wine production?

A

Catalonia

Catalonia is where traditional method sparkling winemaking debuted in Spain.

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35
Q

What is the significance of Priorat DOCa in Catalonia?

A

Home to innovative wine projects and modern winemaking techniques

Priorat exemplifies the blend of tradition and modernity in Catalan wines.

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36
Q

Fill in the blank: The predominant grape in Valdeorras DO is _______.

A

Godello

Valdeorras is known for producing high-acid, fruit-driven Godello whites.

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37
Q

What type of wine is Vino Tostado?

A

A dried grape wine

This specialty is produced in Ribeiro DO.

38
Q

What are the subregions of Ribeira Sacra DO?

A

Amandi, Chantada, Quiroga-Bibei, Ribeiras do Sil, Ribeiras do Miño

Ribeira Sacra is known for its steeply terraced slopes and high-quality wines.

39
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Tempranillo required for red wines in Ribera del Duero?

A

75%

Tempranillo, also known as Tinto del País, is the premier grape in this region.

40
Q

True or False: Asturias and Cantabria produce DO wines.

A

False

These regions do not have any DO wines, unlike País Vasco which has three DO zones.

41
Q

What is the primary grape used in the wines of Cigales DO?

A

Garnacha Tinta

Cigales is particularly noted for its rosado production.

42
Q

What is the newest DO in Castilla y León as of 2022?

A

Urueña

This DO is part of the growing recognition of the region’s wine production.

43
Q

Who introduced stainless steel fermentation to Spain and when?

A

Torres in the 1960s.

44
Q

In which region did René Barbier plant grapes to create a bold new Spanish red wine?

A

Catalonia.

45
Q

What is the name of the second region in Spain promoted to DOCa?

46
Q

What traditional grape varieties are primarily grown in Priorat?

A
  • Garnacha
  • Cariñena
47
Q

What type of soil characterizes the best vineyards in Priorat?

A

Llicorella.

48
Q

What year did René Barbier plant a mix of local and French vines in Gratallops?

49
Q

What are the five original ‘Clos’ wines of Priorat?

A
  • Clos Mogador
  • Clos Dofi
  • Clos Erasmus
  • Clos de l’Obac
  • Clos Martinet
50
Q

What is the village category established by Priorat in 2009 for estate-grown wines?

A

Vino de Pueblo (Vi de Vila in Catalan).

51
Q

What is the main focus of Tarragona DO wines historically?

A

Fortified rancio or mistela.

52
Q

Which grape variety is primarily used for dessert wines in Alicante DO?

A

Monastrell.

53
Q

What is the traditional style of red wine produced in Utiel-Requena called?

A

Doble Pasta.

54
Q

What grape variety dominates the vineyards in Jumilla?

A

Monastrell.

55
Q

What is the principal grape variety of La Mancha?

A

Cencibel (Tempranillo).

56
Q

What is unique about the Airén grape in La Mancha?

A

It used to claim more acreage than any other white grape in the world.

57
Q

What type of wines do the DO Pago estates in Castilla-La Mancha aim to produce?

A

Wines of ‘expression.’

58
Q

Which DO in Spain was granted its own status in 2003 after being a subzone of La Mancha?

A

Ribera del Júcar DO.

59
Q

What is the most planted grape in Valdepeñas DO?

60
Q

What types of wines are produced in the Uclés DO?

A
  • Red
  • White
  • Sparkling
  • Sweet, dulce
61
Q

What is the significance of the four-pointed star on the cork of Cava bottles?

A

It identifies Cava wines.

62
Q

What is the main grape variety used for Cava production?

A
  • Parellada
  • Xarel-lo
  • Macabeu
63
Q

Fill in the blank: Cava wines require a minimum of _______ months on the lees for Cava de Guarda.

64
Q

What is the historical significance of Sant Sadurní d’Anoia?

A

Birthplace of Cava.

65
Q

True or False: The Catalunya DO allows more freedom of blending and expression from a range of sites.

66
Q

What is the focus of the Empordà DO?

A

Cariñena rosados.

67
Q

What is the historical specialty of Malvasía de Sitges?

A

A sweet fortified wine.

68
Q

What unique feature does the DO Pago status confer to certain estates?

A

Recognition for high-quality wine production.

69
Q

What types of wines are permitted in Mondéjar DO?

A

Wines of all three colors from Cencibel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Macabéo, and Malvar grape.

This region allows for a variety of wine styles, enhancing its diversity.

70
Q

What are the four areas of Vinos de Madrid DO?

A

San Martín de Valdeiglesias, Navalcarnero, Arganda, el Molar.

These areas are noncontiguous and surround Madrid, contributing to local wine production.

71
Q

Which grape varieties are widely planted in Vinos de Madrid DO?

A

Airén, Malvar, Tinto Fino, Negra de Madrid (Garnacha).

These varieties are significant for the appellation’s wines.

72
Q

What is the sole DO in Extremadura?

A

Ribera del Guadiana.

This region is known for its large DO and six subzones.

73
Q

Name the six subzones of Ribera del Guadiana.

A
  • Ribera Alta de Guadiana
  • Ribera Baja de Guadiana
  • Matanegra
  • Cañamero
  • Montánchez
  • Tierra de Barros

Tierra de Barros is notable for its significant wine production.

74
Q

What is the primary agricultural product associated with Ribera del Guadiana?

A

Jamón serrano and jamón ibérico.

This region is better known for its gastronomy than for wine.

75
Q

Which area is home to Bodegas Inviosa?

A

Tierra de Barros.

Bodegas Inviosa is a key proponent of the region’s wines and the only producer of Cava in southwestern Spain.

76
Q

List the DO zones included in Andalucía.

A
  • Greanda
  • Málaga
  • Sierras de Málaga
  • Montilla-Moriles
  • Condado de Huelva
  • Jerez-Xérès-Sherry
  • Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda

These areas reflect the rich cultural heritage and wine production of Andalucía.

77
Q

What historical significance does the Strait of Gibraltar hold?

A

It represents a historically important trading route and may have been the route for human migration into Europe.

This area has shaped trade and cultural exchange for centuries.

78
Q

Who transformed Andalucía into a hub of Mediterranean trade?

A

The Moors.

Their influence lasted until the fall of Granada in 1492.

79
Q

What was Jerez de la Frontera known as in Arabic?

A

Sherish.

This term is important in the context of Sherry’s historical branding.

80
Q

What event sparked the race for colonial power and discovery in the Americas?

A

Columbus setting sail from Andalucía in 1492.

This had a profound effect on the future of Spanish wine.

81
Q

What was the English term for the wines of Jerez?

A

Sack.

This term reflects the historical export of Jerez wines to England.

82
Q

True or False: Sherry became an incredibly popular export to Great Britain over three centuries.

A

True.

The demand for Sherry greatly increased during this period.

83
Q

What led to the increased supply of Sherry during the 17th and 18th centuries?

A

British firms founded bodegas and purchased wine stocks from distant areas.

This expansion was crucial for the industry.

84
Q

What caused the decline in the Sherry industry in the late 1800s?

A

The arrival of phylloxera in 1894 and increased production of ‘Sherry’ styles throughout Europe.

These factors severely impacted quality and production.

85
Q

When did Sherry attain DO status?

A

This marked a significant turning point for the industry.

86
Q

What are the two DO zones that share the same vineyards in Jerez?

A

Jerez-Xérès-Sherry and Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda.

These zones are integral to Sherry production.

87
Q

What are the three authorized grape varieties for Sherry?

A
  • Palomino
  • Pedro Ximénez
  • Moscatel

These grapes contribute to the distinct characteristics of Sherry wines.

88
Q

Fill in the blank: Palomino produces characterless table wines but is the preferred variety for _______.

A

dry Sherry.

This grape thrives in the region’s unique soils.

89
Q

What is the principal grape in Montilla-Moriles?

A

Pedro Ximénez (PX).

This grape is important for producing wines similar to Sherry.

90
Q

What are the five age categories for Málaga wines?

A
  • Málaga Pálido
  • Málaga
  • Málaga Noble
  • Málaga Añejo
  • Málaga Trasañejo

These categories indicate the aging process and quality of the wines.

91
Q

What is a unique characteristic of the Canary Islands’ wine production?

A

Phylloxera never reached the Canaries.

This has allowed for the preservation of century-old vines.

92
Q

What types of grapes are typically used for red wines in the Canary Islands?

A
  • Listán Negro
  • Negramoll
  • Malvasía Rosada
  • Listán Prieto

These varieties reflect the unique viticultural conditions of the islands.

Vín (22 decks)

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