Space occupying lesions Flashcards
5 layers of scalp (out to in)
S = Skin C = Connective tissue A = Aponeurosis L = Loose connective tissue P= Pericranium
thinest part of scalp called
pterion
bones that contribute to H shaped pterion
frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid
2 processes found on temporal bone
styloid and mastoid
‘bump’ on occipital bone
external occipital protuberance
artery that lies deep to pterion
middle meningeal artery
location of olfactory nerve in skull
crista galli of cribriform plate (ethmoid bone)
cerebral veins drain blood from ___ into ____
from brain into dural venous sinuses
sigmoid sinus drains into ______ at the _____
internal jugular vein at jugular foramen
what occurs at confluence of sinuses
connecting point of superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus in brain
where is the confluence of sinuses located
internal occipital protuberance (deep to external occipital protuberance)
blood supply to brain is via
vertebral arteries and internal carotids
pathway of blood to brain from heart on right side
arch of aorta > brachiocephalic trunk > common carotid > internal carotid
arch of aorta > brachiocephalic trunk > subclavian artery > vertebral arteries
** on left via common carotid artery coming off arch of aorta
what foramina do vertebral arteries pass through
transverse foramina of vertebra then through foramen magnum
posterior cerebral circulation goes to which areas
occipital lobe, cerebellum, and brains stem
what connects anterior cerebral circulation to posterior cerebral circulation
posterior communicating arteries
circle of willis is located where
along the floor of the cerebral vault
right anterior cerebral artery supplies what
medial aspect of right cerebral hemisphere
L & R vertebral arteries fuse to become?
basilary artery
what supplies blood to:
medial aspect
lateral aspect
posterior aspect
medial aspect - anterior cerebral artery
lateral aspect - middle cerebral artery
posterior aspect - posterior cerebral artery
what supplies visual cortex with blood
posterior cerebral artery
subarachnoid space located where
between pia mater and arachnoid mater
what produces CSF
choroid plexus (in ventricles)
at what level in spine does subarchnoid space stop
S2
what connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
cerebral aqueaduct
where does the 4th ventricle lie
between pons and cerebellum
4 parts of ventricle
L lateral ventricle
R lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
4th ventricle continues to become the
central canal
CSF is absorbed into dural venous sinuses via
arachnoid granulations
lumbar puncture can be done at what levels
L3/L4 or L4/L5
what is hydrocephalis
excessive production, obstruction to flow or inadequate reabsorption leads to an increased CSF volume
treat hydrocephalus with?
ventricular peritoneal shunt (tube from ventricles to peritoneal cavity)
3 types of bleeding that can occur in cranial cavity
extradural
subdural
subarachnoid
extradural haemorrhage location
between bones and dura
subdural haemorrhage location
separate dura form arachnoid
subarachnoid haemorrhage location
int CSF of subarachnoid space
cause of extradural haemorrhage
fracture of pterion/rupture of middle meningeal artery
