Space occupying lesions

Question 1

5 layers of scalp (out to in)

Answer 1

S = Skin
C = Connective tissue
A = Aponeurosis
L = Loose connective tissue
P= Pericranium

Question 2

thinest part of scalp called

Answer 2

pterion

Question 3

bones that contribute to H shaped pterion

Answer 3

frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid

Question 4

2 processes found on temporal bone

Answer 4

styloid and mastoid

Question 5

‘bump’ on occipital bone

Answer 5

external occipital protuberance

Question 6

artery that lies deep to pterion

Answer 6

middle meningeal artery

Question 7

location of olfactory nerve in skull

Answer 7

crista galli of cribriform plate (ethmoid bone)

Question 8

cerebral veins drain blood from ___ into ____

Answer 8

from brain into dural venous sinuses

Question 9

sigmoid sinus drains into ______ at the _____

Answer 9

internal jugular vein at jugular foramen

Question 10

what occurs at confluence of sinuses

Answer 10

connecting point of superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus in brain

Question 11

where is the confluence of sinuses located

Answer 11

internal occipital protuberance (deep to external occipital protuberance)

Question 12

blood supply to brain is via

Answer 12

vertebral arteries and internal carotids

Question 13

pathway of blood to brain from heart on right side

Answer 13

arch of aorta > brachiocephalic trunk > common carotid > internal carotid
arch of aorta > brachiocephalic trunk > subclavian artery > vertebral arteries

** on left via common carotid artery coming off arch of aorta

Question 14

what foramina do vertebral arteries pass through

Answer 14

transverse foramina of vertebra then through foramen magnum

Question 15

posterior cerebral circulation goes to which areas

Answer 15

occipital lobe, cerebellum, and brains stem

Question 16

what connects anterior cerebral circulation to posterior cerebral circulation

Answer 16

posterior communicating arteries

Question 17

circle of willis is located where

Answer 17

along the floor of the cerebral vault

Question 18

right anterior cerebral artery supplies what

Answer 18

medial aspect of right cerebral hemisphere

Question 19

L & R vertebral arteries fuse to become?

Answer 19

basilary artery

Question 20

what supplies blood to:

medial aspect
lateral aspect
posterior aspect

Answer 20

medial aspect - anterior cerebral artery
lateral aspect - middle cerebral artery
posterior aspect - posterior cerebral artery

Question 21

what supplies visual cortex with blood

Answer 21

posterior cerebral artery

Question 22

subarachnoid space located where

Answer 22

between pia mater and arachnoid mater

Question 23

what produces CSF

Answer 23

choroid plexus (in ventricles)

Question 24

at what level in spine does subarchnoid space stop

Answer 24

S2

Question 25

what connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

Answer 25

cerebral aqueaduct

Question 26

where does the 4th ventricle lie

Answer 26

between pons and cerebellum

Question 27

4 parts of ventricle

Answer 27

L lateral ventricle
R lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

Question 28

4th ventricle continues to become the

Answer 28

central canal

Question 29

CSF is absorbed into dural venous sinuses via

Answer 29

arachnoid granulations

Question 30

lumbar puncture can be done at what levels

Answer 30

L3/L4 or L4/L5

Question 31

what is hydrocephalis

Answer 31

excessive production, obstruction to flow or inadequate reabsorption leads to an increased CSF volume

Question 32

treat hydrocephalus with?

Answer 32

ventricular peritoneal shunt (tube from ventricles to peritoneal cavity)

Question 33

3 types of bleeding that can occur in cranial cavity

Answer 33

extradural
subdural
subarachnoid

Question 34

extradural haemorrhage location

Answer 34

between bones and dura

Question 35

subdural haemorrhage location

Answer 35

separate dura form arachnoid

Question 36

subarachnoid haemorrhage location

Answer 36

int CSF of subarachnoid space

Question 37

cause of extradural haemorrhage

Answer 37

fracture of pterion/rupture of middle meningeal artery