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Neuro > basics 1 > Flashcards

basics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the nervous system (7)

A 
brain
12 pairs of cranial nerves + branches
spinal cord
31 pairs of spinal nerves + branches
ganglia
enteric plexus
sensory receptors
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2
Q

3 types of neurons based on their function

A

sensory (afferent)
interneuron
motor (efferent)

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3
Q

CNS made up of

A

brain

spinal cord

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4
Q

PNS made up of

A

cranial nerves
spinal nerves
ganglia
sensory nerves

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5
Q

sensory nerves also called

A

afferent

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6
Q

motor nerves also called

A

efferent

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7
Q

PNS is also then subdivided into…

A

somatic nervous system
autonomic NS
enteric NS

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8
Q

The SNS made up of/does what

A

1) neurons that conduct impulses from somatic and special sensory receptors to the CNS
2) motor neurons from from CNS to skeletal muscle

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9
Q

ANS consists of

A

sensory neurons from visceral organs, motor neurons from CNS to smooth, cardiac muscle & glands

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10
Q

ENS consists of

A

2 plexuses that control GI

monitors sensory changes and controls operations

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11
Q

resting membrane potential of neutron

A
  • 70mV
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12
Q

what forms myelin sheaths

A

oligodendrocytes

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13
Q

what forms blood brain barrier

A

astrocytes

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14
Q

what has phagocytic functions in NS

A

microglia

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15
Q

autonomic NS innervates what

A

visceral structures (maintains homestasis)

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16
Q

grey matter is rich in

A

cell bodies

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17
Q

white matter is in

A

axons

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18
Q

cluster of cell bodies with similar functions are called?

A

nuclei

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19
Q

what word means “crosses over”

A

decussates

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20
Q

which germ layer gives rise to nervous system

A

ectoderm (also skin)

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21
Q

embryology progression to neural tube

A

ectoderm > neural plate > neural grove with neural fold > neural folds fuse to form neural tube

22
Q

where do you find grey matter

A

centre of spinal cord and outer regions of brain (cerebral cortex)

23
Q

forebrain called

A

prosencephalon

24
Q

midbrain called

A

mesencephalon

25
Q

hindbrain called

A

rhombencephalon

26
Q

(embryology) the prosencephalon divides into

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

27
Q

(embryology) rhombencephalon divides into

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

28
Q

forebrain also referred to as the

A

cerebrum

29
Q

3 meningeal layers

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

30
Q

2 sheets of cranial dura mater

A

falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli

  • these incompletely divide cranial cavity into compartments
31
Q

what has channels for venous drainage of the brain

A

dural venous sinuses of the cranial dura mater

32
Q

what is located below arachnid mater

A

subarachnoid space where CSF circulates

33
Q

what supplies blood to brain

A

internal carotids and vertebral arteries (anastomose to form circle of willis)

34
Q

what supplies blood to the spinal cord

A

vessels arising from vertebral arteries and radicular arteries derived from segmental vessels

35
Q

meningeal layers from superficial to deep

A

dura > arachnoid > pia

36
Q

subarachnoid space located where

A

between arachnoid and pia mater

37
Q

most significant blood supply to intercranial meninges

A

middle meningeal artery

38
Q

dorsal roots carry

A

afferent signals

39
Q

ventral roots carry

A

efferent v’E’ntral

40
Q

dorsal root cell bodies are located where

A

dorsal root ganglion

41
Q

ventral root cell bodies are located where

A

in spinal grey matter

42
Q

spinal nerves leave vertebral canal through

A

intervertebral foramina

43
Q

at what level does spinal cord end

A

between L1 and L2

44
Q

H shape in spinal cord called

A

central canal (with dorsal and ventral horns)

45
Q

what occurs at dorsal horns

A

termination of afferent neurons and origin of ascending pathways

46
Q

only where do you find the lateral horn

A

thoracic and upper lumbar cord

47
Q

lateral horn is made up of?

A

cell bodies of preganglionic neutrons belonging to the sympathetic division of the autonomic NS

48
Q

what is found in white matter

A

ascending and descending tracts

49
Q

ascending tracts include

A

dorsal columns
spinocerebrellar tracts
spinothalmic tracts

50
Q

descending tracts include

A

lateral corticospinal tracts

Neuro (20 decks)

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