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Neuro > pastest 3 > Flashcards

pastest 3 Flashcards

1
Q

thiamine is what vitamin

A

B1

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2
Q

which cranial nerve has the longest course

A

6th abducens

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3
Q

cranial nerve in bells palsy

A

lower motor of 7th (facial)

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4
Q

treatment for cluster headache

A

sumatriptan and high flow oxygen

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5
Q

drug given to reduce ICP

A

mannitol (diuretic)

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6
Q

which cranial nerve has the longest course

A

6th abducens

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7
Q

cranial nerve in bells palsy

A

lower motor of 7th (facial)

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8
Q

treatment for cluster headache

A

sumatriptan and high flow oxygen

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9
Q

winged scapula: nerve and muscle

A

long thoracic nerve, serratus anterior

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10
Q

weakness in elblow flexion (nerve?)

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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11
Q

epidural haematomma crosses suture line?

A

no (dura mater there to it)

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12
Q

sentinel headache

A

precedes sub arachnid haemorrhage

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13
Q

lens shape on CT

A

extra dural

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14
Q

what will be seen in perineal nerve damage

A

dorsiflexion weakness/foot drop
weakness in eversion
loss of sensation to dorm of foot and medial aspect of leg
weak extensor hallicus longus

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15
Q

loss of knee reflex, what nerve

A

femoral

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16
Q

femoral nerve lesion will show what

A

loss of knee reflex

weakness in hip flexors and knee extensors

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17
Q

weakness in hip flexors and knee extensors - nerve

A

femoral

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18
Q

sciatic nerve made up of what roots

A

L4 - S2

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19
Q

loss of ankle reflex - nerve?

A

sciatic nerve

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20
Q

weakness in muscles below knee - nerve?

A

sciatic nerve

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21
Q

loss of sensation over foot and posterolateral lower leg

A

sciatic

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22
Q

shoulder shrugging, what nerve

A

spinal accessory

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23
Q

spinal accessory arise from

A

C1-C5

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24
Q

pathway of spinal accessory

A

arise from C1-C5, ascend through foramen magnum, descent through jugular, crosses 1/3 down sternocleidomastoid (which it innervates)along the posterior triangle , then onto trapezius (which it innervates)

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25
Q

innervates skin over deltoid

A

axillary nerve

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26
Q

myasthenia gravis age of onset

A

~ 20

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27
Q

treatment for myasthenia gravis

A

acetylecholine esterase inhibitors

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28
Q

who get duchesses

A

only boys (x-linked)

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29
Q

myasthenia gravis is Ab to what

A

Ach receptors

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30
Q

which tracts crosses in spinal cord

A

spinalothalamic (pain and temp) quick to cross

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31
Q

hyperreflexia: UMN or LMN

A

UMN

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32
Q

positive babinski sign: UMN or LMN

A

UMN

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33
Q

sensorimotor to lower limb is via which 3 nerves

A

femoral, sciatic, obturator

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34
Q

femoral and obturator arise from same level, this is where

A

L2-L4

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35
Q

right sided extradural haematomma leading to herniation of temporal uncus can present with what neurological signs

A

weakness in both upper and lower LEFT limbs, dilated pupil in RIGHT eye

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36
Q

nerves for afferent and efferent of corneal reflex

A

afferent: ophthalmic division of trigeminal (sensory)
efferent: facial (blink - motor)

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37
Q

puffing of cheeks tests what nerve

A

facial nerve

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38
Q

clenching jaw is what nerve

A

mandibular division of trigeminal

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39
Q

what nerve passes along cavernous sinus in brain

A

ophthalmic division of trigeminal

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40
Q

pathology affecting cavernous sinus will show what sign

A

absent corneal reflex

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41
Q

upper limbs wlil be spared as long as a spinal injury is below what level

A

T1

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42
Q

all lower limb nerve arise from where

A

above the 5th the sacral segment

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43
Q

indian ink staining of CSF

A

Cryptoccosus meningiti

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44
Q

viral meningitis profile

A

opening pressure: normal
WBC: lymphocytes predominant
protein: increased
glucose: normal

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45
Q

bacterial meningitis profile

A

opening pressure: Increased
WBC: neutrophil predominant
protein: increased
glucose: decreased

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46
Q

cryptococcus meningite profile

A

opening pressure: increased
WBC: lymphocytes predominant
protein: increased
glucose: normal/decreased

47
Q

14-3-3 protein in CSF

A

prion disease

48
Q

EEG shows triphasic spikes

A

prion disease

49
Q

histology in prion disease will show what changes in brain tissue

A

instead of alpha helical protein get beta sheets

50
Q

numbness of lateral thigh, what nerve

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

51
Q

numbness of medial thigh, medial leg and medial ankle

A

femoral nerve

52
Q

weakness in hip flexion and knee extension

A

femoral nerve

53
Q

weakness of knee flexion

A

sciatic

54
Q

weakness in adduction and internal rotation of hip

A

obturator

55
Q

what will be seen in brain tissue of someone with alzheimers

A

amyloid plaques and tau proteins neurofiblary tangles

56
Q

what typer of dementia will have frontal lobe features

A

picks disease

57
Q

complete loss of vision in one eye

A

optic nerve of ipsilateral eye

58
Q

bitemporal heminopai

A

optic chasm

59
Q

right homonymous hemianopia

A

left optic tracts/radiation

60
Q

left homonymous hemianopia

A

right optic tract/radiation

61
Q

3 categories of glasgow comma score

A 
eyes response (4)
verbal response (5)
motor response (6)
62
Q

GCS: eye response if out of how many?

A

4

63
Q

GCS: verbal response if out of how many?

A

5

64
Q

GCS: motor response if out of how many?

A

6

65
Q

what drugs cane given to stop a fit and by what route

A

lorazepam - IV

diazepam - rectal

66
Q

drug you can give in several consecutive fits/status epileptics that have already had diazepam/lorazipam

A

IV phenytoin

67
Q

other pathology associated with myasthenia gravis

A

thymus disease

68
Q

first line treatment for bacterial meningitis

A

cephalosporin (cefotaxime)

69
Q

what drugs do you give for alcohol withdrawal

A

chlordiazepoxide and thiamine

70
Q

polymorph leucocytosis =

A

neutrophils

71
Q

CSF in TB meningitis is have what 2 particular features

A

very high protein and very low glucose

72
Q

viral meningotis protein level will be

A

slightly elevated

73
Q

non hospital treatment of suspected bacterial meningitis

A

IM/IV benzylpenicillin

74
Q

hospital treatment of bacterial meningitis of unknown organism

A

IV cefotaxime

75
Q

hospital treatment of bacterial meningitis of unknown organism > 55 yrs

A

Iv cefotaxime + ampicillin

76
Q

why do you also give ampicillin to > 55 yrs in bacterial meningitis where organism is not know

A

incase of listeria also if immunocompromisedn

77
Q

viral meningitis also called

A

aseptic meningitis

78
Q

most common cause of viral meningitis

A

enteroviruses (echoviruses)

79
Q

treatment for viral encephalitis

A

aciclovir

80
Q

appearance of CSF in bacterial meningitis

A

turbid/cloudy

81
Q

appearance of CSF in viral meningitis

A

clear

82
Q

appearance of CSF in TB meningitis

A

fibrin web

83
Q

glucose in bacterial

A
84
Q

glucose in TB

A
85
Q

glucose in viral

A

> 50% of plasma

86
Q

how do you differentiate TB from viral

A

TB will have

87
Q

vessels involved in sub dural

A

bridging veins

88
Q

what might indicate encephalitis rather than meningitis

A

confusion, seizures, increased signal in temporal lobes on MRI

89
Q

what type of meningitis do you see nerve palsy

A

TB

90
Q

Oligoclonal bands =

A

MS (Ab’s that indicate inflammation of CNS)

91
Q

gait seen in normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

broad based, small stepping, difficulty initiating

92
Q

homonymous hemianopia occurs in infarct in what part of brain

A

occipital

93
Q

expressive dysphagia = what area

A

broca’s

94
Q

receptive dysphagia = what are

A

wernickes

95
Q

fluent nonsensual speech

A

receptive (wernickes) dysphagia

96
Q

injury to elbow or shaft of humorous usually damages what nerve

A

radial

97
Q

fingers innervated by median nerve

A

thumb, index and middle

98
Q

shoulder dislocation usually results in damage to what nerve

A

axillary

99
Q

what tract carries fine touch

A

dorsal column

100
Q

dorsal column carries what sensations

A

fine touch
2 point discrimination
vibration
proprioception

101
Q

anterior spinothalamic tract senses what

A

crude touch

102
Q

lateral spinothalamic senses what

A

pain and temp

103
Q

pain and temp

A

lateral spinothalamic

104
Q

crude touch

A

anterior spinothalamic tract senses what

105
Q

vibration

A

dorsal column

106
Q

what can cause neuritis

A

MS
connective tissue disease
diabetes
lead poisoning

107
Q

headache + stiff neck but no fever

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

108
Q

increased pain on bending forward indicates what

A

raised ICP

109
Q

dilated ventricles + increased opening CSF pressure

A

benign intracranial hypertension

110
Q

treatment for benign intracranial hypertension

A 
stop COCP if on it
lose weight 
acetazolamide or dexamethasone 
repeated therapeutic lumbar puncture 
ventriculo-peritoneal shunt
111
Q

drugs you can give in benign intracranial hypertension

A

acetazolamide (diuretic) or dexamethasone (steroid)

112
Q

what gives you a headache in the morning

A

raised ICP (SOL, benign intracranial pressure, chronic bleeds)

113
Q

which haematomma DOES cross sutures

A

sub dural (extradural does not)

114
Q

which haematomma DOES cross the midline

A

extradural (sub dural does not)

Neuro (20 decks)

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