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Neuro > clinical 5 > Flashcards

clinical 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characteristically asymmetrical or symmetrical

A

asymmetrical

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2
Q

when is parkinsons tremor most noticeable

A

at rest

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3
Q

Hz of essential tremor

A

6-8 Hz

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4
Q

first line treatment for essential tremor

A

propanolol

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5
Q

Urinary incontinence + gait abnormality + dementia =

A

normal pressure hydrocephalus

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6
Q

which neuropathies have sensory loss

A
  • diabetes
  • uraemia
  • leprosy
  • alcoholism
  • vitamin B12 deficiency
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7
Q

which neuropathies have mostly motor loss

A
  • Guillain-Barre syndrome
  • porphyria
  • lead poisoning
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8
Q

what is dysesthesia

A

abnormal sensation

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9
Q

dopamine agonists tend to end in what letters

A

-ine

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10
Q

which Parkinson drug group is associated with pulmonary fibrosis

A

dopamine receptor agonists

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11
Q

what is dyskinesia

A

involuntary writhing movements

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12
Q

drug given in motor neuron disease

A

Riluzole

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13
Q

how does Riluzole (motor neuron drug) work

A

prevents stimulation of glutamate receptors

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14
Q

Fluctuating confusion/consciousness following fall

A

subdural haematoma

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15
Q

risk factors for a subdural haematoma

A

old age, alcoholism and anticoagulation

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16
Q

what is genetic anticipation

A

hereditary diseases have an earlier age of onset through successive generations.

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17
Q

most common presentation of MS

A

optic neuritis

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18
Q

2 main categories of seizure

A

primary and partial

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19
Q

types of primary seizure (3)

A

simple partial
complex partial
partial with secondary generalised

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20
Q

types of primary (4)

A

absent
tonic-clonic
myoclonic
atonic

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21
Q

describe simple partial seizure

A

remain aware
focal symptoms
NO post ictal

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22
Q

remain aware
focal symptoms
NO post ictal

A

simple partial

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23
Q

describe complex partial

A

impaired awareness
post-octal symptoms
usually temporal lobe affected

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24
Q

lobe most commonly affected in complex partial

A

temporal

25
Q

how do simple and complex partial seizures differ

A

in complex you lose awareness and have post-ictal symptoms, where in simple you do not

26
Q

seizure: stops mid sentence, pause, then carries on from where they left

A

absence seizure

27
Q

time an absence seizure lasts

A

less than 10 seconds

28
Q

seizure: loss of consciousness, stiff limbs, jerking

A

tonic-clonic seizure

29
Q

which seizures do you get post-ictal confusion

A
  • tonic-clonic

- complex

30
Q

jerk in seizure called

A

clonic

31
Q

stiff limbs in seizure called

A

tonic

32
Q

seizure: jerk of limb, face or trunk

A

myoclonic seizure

33
Q

seizure: disobedient limb

A

myoclonic seizure

34
Q

seizure: sudden loss of sucre tone causing a fall

A

atonic seizure

35
Q

focal seizure of temporal lobe with have what symptoms

A
  • no recollection
  • deja vu
  • jambs vu
  • dysphagia
  • terror/panic/elation (hippocampus)
  • delusional behaviour
36
Q

focal seizure of frontal lobe with have what symptoms

A

motor features

37
Q

focal seizure of parietal lobe with have what symptoms

A

sensory disturbance (tingling, numbness)

38
Q

focal seizure of occipital lobe with have what symptoms

A

visual phenomena (spots, lines, flashes)

39
Q

seizure, what lobe of brain: visual

A

occipital

40
Q

seizure, what lobe of brain: motor

A

frontal

41
Q

seizure, what lobe of brain: sensory

A

parietal

42
Q

part of brain if emotional disturbance seizure

A

hypocampus

43
Q

when do you consider drugs for epilepsy

A

after 2nd fit (unless reasons such a structural etc for first fir)

44
Q

what frequency of fit will you consider not using drugs

A

if every 2 years

45
Q

drug for generalised tonic clonic fit

A

sodium valproate or lamotrigine (lamot better tolerated)

46
Q

drug for absence seizures

A

sodium valproate, lamotrigine, ethosuximide

47
Q

drug for partial seizure +/- secondary general

A

carbamazepine

48
Q

teratogenic anti epileptic

A

sodium valproate

49
Q

must not give sodium valproate to woman of child bearing age, give…

A

lamotrigine

50
Q

anti-epileptics that DO NOT go into breast milk

A

carbamazepine and valproate

51
Q

which anti-epileptic does go into milk but is safe for baby

A

lamotrigine

52
Q

which seizure do NOT give lamotrigine because it makes it worse

A

tonic, atonic, myoclonic

53
Q

carbamazepine for which

A

all partial

54
Q

first line for all general

A

valproate or lamotrigine (lamotrigine for woman of child bearing age)

55
Q

process for switching epileptic drugs

A

over lap. build up new drug dose and reduce previous drug dose

56
Q

howling do you take to build up epileptic drug dose

A

2-3 months

57
Q

which epileptic drug causes increased appetite and weight gain

A

sodium valproate

58
Q

which drugs are liver enzyme inducing

A

carbamazepine and phenytoin

Neuro (20 decks)

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