Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > clinical 4 > Flashcards

clinical 4 Flashcards

1
Q

seizures + roughened area of skin over lumbar spine =

A

tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is contraindicated in females with migraine + aura

A

combination oral contraception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why is combination oral contraception contraindicated in migraine with aura

A

due to an increased risk of stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

maximum score you can get in GCS

A

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tension headache treatment:

acute:
prophylaxis:

A

acute: paracetamol, NSAIDS or aspirin
prophylaxis: acupuncture, low dose amitriptyline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

investigations for subarachnoid haemorrhage

A
  • CT (negative in 5%)

- lumbar puncture: done after 12 hrs (allowing time for xanthochromia to develop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is status epilepticus

A

epileptic seizure of more than 5 mins or more than one seizure within 5 min period without person returning to normal between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

first line treatment for status epileptics

A

benzodiazepines (rectal)

lorazepam (IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

if first line against status epilepticus doesn’t work after 10 mins, second line treatment is?

A

phenytoin, sodium valproate, levetiracetam, or phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if second line treatment for status epilepticus doesn’t work after 30 mins, next line is?

A

induction of general anaesthesia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what drug must all people who have subarachnoid haemorrhage get and why

A

calcium channel blocker (-pine) to prevent cerebral vasospasm which is common following subarachnoid haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

signs of 3rd nerve palsy

A

Ptosis + dilated pupil + deviated down and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

signs of horners

A

ptosis + constricted pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

headache red flags (9)

A 
>20 + malignancy
sudden onset 
vomiting 
fever 
cognitive dysfunction 
personality changes 
orthostatic headache (changes aggravate it) 
triggered by coughing, valsalva, sneeze or exercise 
change in consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

diagnostic criteria for migraines without aura

A

minimum of 5 attacks fulfilling criteria of:

A - lasting 4-27 hrs
B - Headache has at least two of the following characteristics:
1. unilateral location*
2. pulsating quality (i.e., varying with the heartbeat)
3. moderate or severe pain intensity
4. aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity (e.g., walking or climbing stairs)
C - During headache at least one of the following:
1. nausea and/or vomiting*
2. photophobia and phonophobia
D - Not attributed to another disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do childrens migraines differ?

A

usually shorter-lasting, headache is more commonly bilateral, and gastrointestinal disturbance is more prominent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

first line treatment for someone who has had a TIA and all symptoms are gone with ABCD2 score of 4+

A

300mg aspirin + specialist review within 24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

scoring system used after TIA

A

ABCD2 score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If the ABCD2 risk score is 3 or below

A
  • specialist assessment within 1 week of symptom onset, including decision on brain imaging
  • if vascular territory or pathology is uncertain, refer for brain imaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do you giv people who cannot tolerate clopidogrel

A

aspirin + dipyridamole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Factors favouring true epileptic seizures

A

tongue biting

raised serum prolactin

22
Q

Factors idicating pseudoseizures

A 
pelvic thrusting
family member with epilepsy
more common in females
crying after seizure
don't occur when alone
gradual onset
23
Q

time period someone cannot drive if they have a seizure

A

6 months

24
Q

most common psychiatric feature in someone with parkinson

A

depression

25
Q

what is paraesthesia.

A

pins and needles

26
Q

in what condition is paraesthesia common

A

restless leg syndrome

27
Q

what is akathisia

A

uncontrollable urge to move legs

28
Q

treatment for restless leg syndrome

A

simple measures: walking, stretching, massaging affected limbs
treat any iron deficiency
dopamine agonists are first-line treatment (e.g. Pramipexole, ropinirole)
benzodiazepines
gabapentin

29
Q

most common side affect of pizotifen (migraine treatment)

A

Weight gain + drowsiness

30
Q

which anti migraine drug causes weight gain and drowsiness so no longer used

A

pizotifen

31
Q

Obese, young female with headaches / blurred vision think what diagnosis

A

idiopathic intracranial hypertension

32
Q

when do you do carotid endarterectomy following TIA

A

if carotid stenosis is >70%

33
Q

what is typical in syringomyelia

A

spinothalamic sensory loss (pain and temperature)

34
Q

when can anti epileptic drugs be stopped

A

if seizure free for > 2 years, with AEDs being stopped over 2-3 months

35
Q

how do you treat drug over use headache

A

depends on drug group

simple analgesia + triptans: stop abruptly
opioid analgesia: withdraw gradually

36
Q

what is Lhermitte’s sign

A

tingling in her hands which comes on when she flexes her neck

37
Q

what is Lhermitte’s sign a sign of

A

indicates disease near the dorsal column nuclei of the cervical cord

38
Q

in what disease do you see Lhermitte’s sign

A

MS

39
Q

ataxic gait suggests which neurological condition

A

multiple system atrophy

40
Q

what conditions do you get postural hypotension

A

multiple system atrophy and parkinsons

41
Q

example of a multiple system atrophy

A

Shy-Drager syndrome

42
Q

disease modifying drug given in MS

A

beta-interferon

43
Q

treatment for acute relapse of MS

A

steroids - IV methylprednisolone

44
Q

giving disease modifying drugs in MS requires a criteria to be met. what are these

A
  • relapsing-remitting disease + 2 relapses in past 2 years + able to walk 100m unaided
  • secondary progressive disease + 2 relapses in past 2 years + able to walk 10m (aided or unaided)
45
Q

first line treatment for MS spasticity

A

baclofen and gabapentin

46
Q

treatment for bladder dysfunction in MS

A
  • if significant residual volume → intermittent self-catheterisation
  • if no significant residual volume → anticholinergics may improve urinary frequency
47
Q

Triptans are specific 5-HT1 agonists given in migraine, what side effects do they cause

A

‘triptan sensations’ - tingling, heat, tightness (e.g. throat and chest), heaviness, pressure

48
Q

triptans are usually given along with

A

paracetamol and NSAIDs

49
Q

features of lewy body dementia (3)

A
  • progressive cognitive impairment
  • parkinsonism
  • visual hallucinations (other features such as delusions and non-visual hallucinations may also be seen)
50
Q

what drugs should be avoided in lewy body dementia and why

A

antipsychotic agents - can cause irreversible parkinsonism

Neuro (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions