neuro physiology 1

Question 1

resting potential is

Answer 1

• 70mV

Question 2

depolarisation is ____mV

Answer 2

• 40mV

Question 3

hyperpolarisation is ___mV

Answer 3

• 80mV

Question 4

inside of cell is usually ___ charged in comparison to outside

Answer 4

negatively

Question 5

which ions are abundant inside cell

Answer 5

K+

Question 6

which ions are abundant outside of cell

Answer 6

Cl-

Na+

Question 7

which 4 ions play a role in membrane potentials

Answer 7

Ca2+
Cl -
Na+
K+

Question 8

sodium channels (na+) flows __, causing ___this acts in a ____ manner

Answer 8

inwards, depolarisation, excitatory

Question 9

K+ channels flow __, causing ___this acts in a ____ manner

Answer 9

outwards, hyperpolarisation, inhibitory

Question 10

Ca2+ channels flow __, causing ___this acts in a ____ manner

Answer 10

inwards, depolarisation, excitatory

Question 11

Cl- channels flow __, causing ___ this acts in a ____ manner

Answer 11

inwards, hyperpolarisation, inhibitory

Question 12

which ions move inwards during depolarisation

Answer 12

Na, Ca2, Cl-

Question 13

which ions move outwards during depolarisation

Answer 13

K+ only

Question 14

which ions are inhibitory

Answer 14

K+ and Cl-

Question 15

which ions are excitatory

Answer 15

Na and Ca2+

Question 16

Na+ channel agonists do what

Answer 16

open Na channels, Na influx leading to excitation

Question 17

Na+ channel anatgonist do what

Answer 17

block Na channels, stops influx, favours inhibition

Question 18

example of Na+ antagonist

Answer 18

lidocaine (anaesthetic)

Question 19

K channel agonists do what

Answer 19

K channels open > K moves out cell > cell becomes more negative therefore inhibitory

Question 20

K channel antagonist s do wha

Answer 20

keep K channels closed > keeps cell negatively charged > therefore excitatory

Question 21

events leading to depolarisation

Answer 21

action potential depolarises axon terminal > Ca2+ channels open > Ca2+ flows into cell > Ca2+ causes exocytosis of neurotransmitter from vesicles > neurotransmitter diffuses and binds to post synaptic receptors

Question 22

3 ways neurotransmitter is inactivated

Answer 22

• taken up by glial cells/ taken back up and re-used
• diffuses away
• degraded by enzyme

Question 23

Neurotransmitters may act directly or indirectly on ion channels - direct is via ____ receptors

Answer 23

IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS.

Question 24

Neurotransmitters may act directly or indirectly on ion channels - indirect is via ____ receptors

Answer 24

METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS

Question 25

example of a metabotropic receptor is

Answer 25

muscarinic ACh receptor (G-protein complex)

Question 26

example of a ionotropic receptor is

Answer 26

nicotinic (direct channel)

Question 27

2 major families of ligand gated channels

Answer 27

1) GABAa, Glycine and ACh (nicotinic) receptors

2) glutamate receptors

Question 28

GABAA, Glycine and ACh (nicotinic) receptors are what structure

Answer 28

pentamere

Question 29

glutamte receptors are what structure

Answer 29

tetramere

Question 30

what is the major excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 30

glutamate

Question 31

Glutamate: the major excitatory neurotransmitter, acts on ____ receptors to allow __ and __ in and _ out of the cell, net result is an ___, ___, and ____

Answer 31

ionotrophic
allows Na and Ca in
K out
EPSP

Question 32

GABA: the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, acts on ___ receptors to allow __ into the cell, net result is an ___, ___, and ___

Answer 32

ionotrophic receptors
CL into cell
IPSP, hyperpolarization, inhibition

Question 33

Interneurone: a locally-acting neurone, typically releases ___ and so brings about an ___ and ___, function is local processing of information

Answer 33

releases GABA

causes IPSP, inhibition

Question 34

IPSP

EPSP

Answer 34

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

excitatory “ “

Question 35

Projection neuron: a neuron responsible for conveying signals to other parts of the brain, typically releases ___ and so brings about an ____

Answer 35

glutamate causing EPSP

Question 36

Excitatory neuron: releases a _____ neurotransmitter (e.g. ____)

Answer 36

depolarizing eg: glutamate

Question 37

Inhibitory neuron: releases a ___ neurotransmitter (e.g. ___ )

Answer 37

hyperpolarizing eg: GABA

Question 38

when is glutamate inhibitory

Answer 38

if response is at Metabotropic Glutamate receptors