Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > clinical 2 > Flashcards

clinical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is chorea

A

involuntary, rapid, jerky movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what causes chorea

A

damage to basal ganglia, especially caudate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what 4 features are associated with motor neurone disease

A
  • fasciculation
  • absence of sensory signs/symptoms
  • lower motor neuron signs in arms and upper motor neuron signs in legs
  • wasting of the small hand muscles/tibialis anterior is common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what will electromyography show in someone with motor neurone disease

A

a reduced number of action potentials with an increased amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what will nerve conduction studies in motor neurone disease show?

A

will be normal - but can rule out neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

raised intracranial pressure of uncertain cause is called

A

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension can lead to what if untreated

A

papilloedema leading to blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who gets Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

overweight woman and on certain medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what medications are associated with Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A 
tetracycline antibiotics
isotretinoin
contraceptives
steroids
levothyroxine
lithium
cimetidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do you treat idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

repeated therapeutic lumbar punctures, where the pressure is lowered by draining off CSF until symptoms settle and with acetazolamide (diuretic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ABCD2, A is

A

age >= 60 yrs (1 point)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ABCD2, B is

A

Blood pressure >= 140/90 mmHg (1 point)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ABCD2, C is

A

Clinical features:

  • Unilateral weakness (2 points)
  • Speech disturbance, no weakness (1 point)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ABCD2, D is

A

Duration of symptoms

  • > 60 minutes (2 points)
  • 10-59 minutes (1 point)
  • diabetes (1 point)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ABCD2 score does what

A

asses risk of stroke in days following TIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

max possible ABCD2 score

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

for ABCD2, what score means you’re at risk

A

4+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if someone scores 4+ on ABCD2 what is treatment

A
  • aspirin (300 mg daily) started immediately
  • specialist assessment and investigation within 24 hours of onset of symptoms
  • measures for secondary prevention introduced as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is phonophobia

A

hypersensitivity to sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in what condition is phonophobia very common

A

migrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

initial symptoms for lewy body dementia apposed to pakinsons

A

lewy body = dementia symptoms first, along with hallucinations
parkinsons = movement problems first

22
Q

characteristic histological feature of lewy body dementia

A

alpha-synuclein cytoplasmic inclusions (Lewy bodies) in the substantia nigra, paralimbic and neocortical areas

23
Q

what drugs should be avoided in those with lewy body dementia and why

A

Neuroleptics - they develop irreversible parkinsonism

24
Q

how do you diagnose lewy body dementia

A

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

25
Q

tricep reflex is what nerve and what root

A

radial nerve C7

26
Q

what must epileptic woman take if trying to conceive/pregnant while on sodium valproate

A

5mg folic acid daily

27
Q

why do epileptic woman take folic acid during pregnancy if on sodium valproate

A

to avoid neural tube defects

28
Q

phenytoin (anti epileptic): associated with what in babies?

A

cleft palate

29
Q

what do you give pregnant woman who are on phenytol in last month and why

A

B12 to prevent clotting disorders in baby

30
Q

what anti epileptic should child baring age woman NOT take

A

sodium valproate

31
Q

parkinsons drug strongly associated with pulmonary fibrosis is

A

cabergoline

32
Q

parkinsons is firstly treated with which group of drugs

A

dopamine receptor agonist

33
Q

examples of dopamine receptor agonists (4)

A

Bromocriptine, ropinirole, cabergoline, apomorphine

34
Q

what type of injury usually causes extradural haematoma

A
  • acceleration to deceleration trauma

- blow to side of head

35
Q

what is risk factors for subdural haematoma

A

old age, alcoholism and anticoagulation

36
Q

what head injury do you get ‘lucid interval’

A

extradural haematoma

37
Q

most common location of epidural haematoma and why

A

temporal region where skull fractures cause a rupture of the middle meningeal artery

38
Q

extradural haematoma located where

A

between dura mater and skull

39
Q

which haematoma has half moon appearance

A

extradural

40
Q

partial horners syndrome associated with which type of headache

A

cluster

41
Q

type of headache associated with family history

A

cluster

42
Q

main autonomic symptoms associated with cluster headache

A

rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion and lacrimation

43
Q

treatment of acute cluster headache

A

100% oxygen, subcutaneous or a nasal triptan

44
Q

prophylaxis of cluster headaches

A

verapamil, prednisolone

45
Q

impingement of nerve root C7 will cause numbness where

A

middle finger and palm

46
Q

landmark for C5/C6

A

thumb and index finger

** Make a 6 with your left hand by touching the tip of the thumb & index finger together - C6 **

47
Q

landmark for T4

A

nipples - T4 for the teat pour

48
Q

landmark for T10

A

umbilicus - BellybuT-TEN

49
Q

landmark for L1

A

inguinal ligament - L for ligament, 1 for 1nguinal

50
Q

landmark for L4

A

knee caps - Down on aLL fours - L4

51
Q

landmark for L5

A

L5 = Largest of the 5 toes

52
Q

landmark for S1

A

Lateral foot, small toe

S1 = the smallest one

Neuro (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions