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GCSE Physics > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

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1
Q

First 3 stages of lifecycle of star for all types of star

A

Nebula
Protostar
Main sequence star

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2
Q

2 different types of star in lifecycle if a star (they each take a different route after the main sequence star)

A

Stars similar size to sun
Massive stars

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3
Q

Life cycle of star similar size to sun following nebula, protostar and main sequence star

A

Red giant
White dwarf
Black dwarf

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4
Q

Life cycle of massive star (following nebula, protostar and main sequence star)

A

Red supergiant
Supernova
Black hole/ neutron star

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5
Q

Which size star has this lifecycle: Nebula- protostar- main sequence star- Red giant- white dwarf- black dwarf

A

Stars similar size to sun

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6
Q

Which size star has this lifecycle: nebula- protostar- main sequence star- red supergiant- supernova- black hole/ neutron star

A

Massive stars

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7
Q

What is the nebula

A

Cloud of dust and gas
Starts to collapse due to gravity
First part in formation/ life cycle of star

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8
Q

Facts about main sequence star

A

Core approximately 15 million degrees
Hydrogen starts to fuse to form helium
Equilibrium of forces (gravity pulling in, radiation pressure of fusion pulling out)

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9
Q

Facts about red supergiant

A

Helium and other light nuclei fuse up to iron (iron is the heaviest one that will fuse)

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10
Q

2 key words to describe neutron star

A

Very hot
Very dense

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11
Q

Key fact about black hole star

A

Very strong gravitational field

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12
Q

Key fact about red giant star

A

Helium fuses into large nuclei

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13
Q

What process causes red supergiant to become a supernova

A

Red supergiant collapses

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14
Q

What causes red giant to become a white dwarf

A

It runs out of helium to fuse

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15
Q

Key facts about white dwarf star

A

There’s no more fusion
It’s just cooling down

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16
Q

What happens that makes a main sequence star become a red giant (for stars similar size to sun)

A

Main sequence star eventually runs out of hydrogen

17
Q

In which 3 stars only is helium relevant

A

Main sequence star (hydrogen fuses to form helium)
Red supergiant (helium fuses with other light nuclei up to iron)
Red giant (helium fuses into larger nuclei)

18
Q

Which is the only star that involves hydrogen

A

Main sequence star
Hydrogen fuses to form helium

19
Q

The Milky Way has how many stars

A

200 billion

20
Q

What is our solar system made up of

A

The sun (a star) and all the objects that orbit it (8 planets, dwarf planets, moons (natural satellites that orbit planets)

21
Q

What galaxy is our solar system part of

A

The Milky Way

22
Q

What allows orbiting objects around the sun in our solar system to maintain circular paths

A

Gravity

23
Q

Due to gravity what shape do objects orbiting the sun in our solar system have

A

Circular

24
Q

Example of natural satellite

A

The moon

25
Q

2 types of satellites that orbit planets like the Earth in our solar system

A

Natural (e.g moon)
Artificial

26
Q

2 types of orbit for satellites

A

Polar
Geostationary

27
Q

Polar vs geostationary orbit for satellltes

A

Geostationary- satellite remains above fixed point on Earth as it orbits e.g above your house
Polar orbit- satellite doesn’t stay above fixed point on Earth (so has good coverage of earth and is good for spying/ satellite images)

28
Q

Are higher orbit or lower orbit satellites closer to the earth

A

Lower orbit
(Think lower orbit means lower down so they’re closer)

29
Q

Which is faster higher orbit or lower orbit satellites

A

Lower orbit
(They orbit closer to the Earth so have to go less far)

30
Q

True or false, satellites have a particular speed

A

True
Although for different satellites it’s different e.g higher orbit satélites move slower whilst lower orbit satellites move faster

31
Q

What is dark matter

A

‘Hidden mass’
It makes galaxies much bigger than the sum of their star and planets’ masses

32
Q

What is dark energy

A

Theory to explain why galaxies are accelerating away from each other

33
Q

Dark energy is the theory to explain what

A

Why galaxies are accelerating away from each other

34
Q

What did the Big Bang theory suggest

A

The universe began from a very small region that was extremely hot and dense

35
Q

2 key things that are strong evidence for the big gang theory (that the Universe began from a very small region that was extremely hot and dense)

A

Observed redshift of galaxies
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave background radiation (CMBR)

36
Q

What is the red shift effect

A

There is an observed increase in wavelength of light from most distant galaxies because galaxies are receding.
The further away the galaxies from earth, the faster they are moving and there is a bigger increase in wavelength

37
Q

What force causes stars to expand

A

Fusion

38
Q

Dark energy explains why galaxies are…

A

Acclerating away from each other

GCSE Physics (22 decks)

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