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GCSE Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a quantity

A

Value we can measure
E.g mass, temperature, force

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2
Q

2 types of quantities

A

Scalar
Vector

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3
Q

Scalar and vector are types of…

A

Quantity

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4
Q

Which type of quantity has a direction

A

Vector

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5
Q

Which out of scalar and vector quantity has magnitude only, not direction

A

Scalar

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6
Q

Magnitude meaning (in terms of quantities)

A

Size

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7
Q

5 types of scalar quantities

A

Temperature
Mass
Speed
Energy
Distance

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8
Q

5 types of vector quantities

A

Velocity
Force
Weight
Displacement
Acceleration

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9
Q

Distance is a type of what quantity

A

Scalar (magnitude only)

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10
Q

Velocity is a type of what quantity

A

Vector (has magnitude and direction)

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11
Q

What type of quantity can be represented using arrows

A

Vector
(As it has a direction)

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12
Q

When using arrows to represent vector quantities what does the length represent

A

Magnitude
(Direction of arrow shows direction of vector)

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13
Q

How do we draw arrows to show vector quantities

A

Direction of arrow= direction of vector
Length of arrow represents magnitude- longer arrow= greater magnitude etc

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14
Q

Resultant force meaning

A

Overall force
When 2 forces act on an object it’s the overall force

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15
Q

What is a force

A

A push or pull that acts on an object due to interaction with another object

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16
Q

A force is a p.. or p… due to interaction with another object

A

Push or pull

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17
Q

A force is a push or pull due to interaction with another what

A

Object

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18
Q

2 types of forces

A

Contact
Non contact

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19
Q

Contact force meaning

A

Objects interacting must be physically touching

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20
Q

Non contact force meaning

A

Objects interacting don’t have to be physically touching

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21
Q

What type of force is air resistance

A

Contact
(Object physically touched air particles)

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22
Q

Mass is a measure of…

A

How much matter an object has

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23
Q

What is a measure of how much matter an object has (measured in kilograms)

A

Mass

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24
Q

True or false, weight is the force on an object due to gravity

A

True

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25
Q

What is weight

A

Force on object due to gravity, measured in Newtons

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26
Q

Weight is the force on an object due to…

A

Gravity

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27
Q

Weight = mass x what

A

Gravitational field strength
Weight and mass are directly proportional (if one doubles, so does the other)

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28
Q

Relationship between mass and weight

A

Directly proportional
(Increase at same rate so if one doubles so does the other as weight= mass x gravitational field strength)

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29
Q

When the forces on an object are balanced, what is the resultant force equal to

A

0
(No overall force)

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30
Q

Why is the resultant force 0 if the forces on an object are balanced

A

There is no overall force

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31
Q

True or false, when the forces on an object are unbalanced it will accelerate or decelerate

A

True

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32
Q

2 things that can happen to an object if the forces are balanced

A

Remains stationary
If already moving stays at constant speed

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33
Q

Name of force acting in opposite direction to movement

A

Friction

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34
Q

How many forces are needed to bend, stretch or squash an object

A

2

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35
Q

True or false, 2 forces are needed to bend, stretch or squash an object

A

True

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36
Q

What is elastic deformation

A

An object returns to its original shape once forces are removed
(E.g a spring)

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37
Q

What is in elastic deformation/ plastic deformation

A

Object doesn’t return to original shape when forces are removed
E.g playdough

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38
Q

Elastic vs inelastic deformation

A

Elastic deformation- object returns to original shape when forces are removed e.g spring
Inelastic deformation- object doesn’t return to original shape when forces are removed e.g playdough

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39
Q

What is meant by spring constant

A

Amount of force needed to stretch/ squash material by 1m

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40
Q

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to what (Hooke’s law)

A

Force applied

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41
Q

What does Hook’s law state

A

Extension of spring is directly proportional to force applied (up to the limit of proportionality)

42
Q

Another word for the turning effect of a force

A

Moment of a force

43
Q

True or false, a force causes an object to rotate

A

True

44
Q

A moment is the…

A

Turning effect of a force

45
Q

True or false, if the force increases so does the moment

A

True
As moment = turning effect of the force

46
Q

Why are door handles always furthest away from the hinge (moment= force x distance from pívot)

A

So that less force needs to be applied due to equation above

47
Q

Which type of gears rotate quickly

A

Small gears

48
Q

Which type of gears rotate slowly

A

Big gears

49
Q

Which type of gears rotate with a big moment

A

Big gears

50
Q

Which type of gears rotate with a small moment

A

Small gears

51
Q

Small vs big gears

A

Small gears rotate quickly with small moment
Big gears rotate slowly with big moment

52
Q

What 2 things can be used to increase the moment of a force to make it easier to lift/ rotate an object

A

Levers/ gears

53
Q

What is force measured in

A

Newtons (N)

54
Q

What is the magnitude of a force measured in

A

Newtons

55
Q

Why are forces vector quantities

A

Thy have both a direction and magnitude (e.g 5N)

56
Q

Is tension a contact or non- contact force

A

Contact

57
Q

Tension, friction and air resistance are all examples of what type of force

A

Contact

58
Q

3 types of non contact force

A

Gravitational, magnetic, electrostatic

59
Q

Gravitational, electrostatic and magnetic are examples of which type of force

A

Non- contact

60
Q

True or false, the strength of a non- contact force decreases as the objects get further apart

A

True

61
Q

If a car travelled at 50 miles per hour, what’s the magnitude of its speed

A

50

62
Q

True or false, vectors can be both positive and negative

A

True
E.g 2km west is - 2km east

63
Q

What type of diagram can we use to find the resultant force of an object

A

Free body diagrams

64
Q

Free body diagram meaning

A

Simple diagram showing all the forces acting on an object (using force arrows)

65
Q

If the object has no resultant force acting on it then it’s in…

A

Equilibrium

66
Q

When can an object be in equilibrium

A

If there’s no overall force (resultant force) acting on it
(The forces cancel each other out)

67
Q

What 2 types of diagram can we use to find the resultant force of an object

A

Free body diagram
Vector diagram
(A to scale drawing using a ruler to then find the 3rd length of the triangle (resultant force) or using Pythagoras)

68
Q

In vector diagrams how do we find the direction of the resultant force

A

Use protractor measuring to the right of the vertical line

69
Q

Resolving a vector meaning

A

Splitting it up into its horizontal and vertical components (using scale diagrams)

70
Q

True or false, a liquid is a fluid

A

True (as it can flow)

71
Q

What 2 states of matter are fluids (can flow)

A

Liquid and gas

72
Q

Pressure is caused when…

A

Objects exert force on each other

73
Q

What is caused when objects exert force on each other

A

Pressure

74
Q

What 2 things does pressure depend on

A

Magnitude (size) of force
Size of area in contact

(As pressure= force/ area)

75
Q

What is pressure measured in

A

N/m squared or Pascals

76
Q

Another word for forward force

A

Thrust force

77
Q

In a fluid does the pressure increase or decrease with depth

A

Increase

78
Q

What is the average walking speed in m/s

A

1.5 m/s

79
Q

What is the average running speed in m/s

A

3m/s

80
Q

What is the average cycling speed in m/s

A

6m/s

81
Q

In a distance- time graph what does the gradient represent/ tell you

A

Speed
(Steeper gradient is faster)

82
Q

In a distance time graph what does a horizontal line represent

A

Not moving (stationary) as the speed is 0

83
Q

Acceleration = change in velocity over what

A

Time taken

84
Q

Acceleration describes the what

A

Change in velocity per second
(Therefore equation is change in velocity/ time taken)

85
Q

Unit for acceleration

A

m/ second squared

86
Q

Which out of liquid and gas is compressible

A

Gas
(Liquids are incompressible)

87
Q

Compressible meaning

A

It’s volume can change when pressure is applied to it e.g in gases

88
Q

In a velocity time graph what does a horizontal line represent

A

Moving at a constant speed

89
Q

In a velocity time graph what does the positive gradient represent

A

Acceleration

90
Q

How to work out distance travelled in velocity time graph

A

Area under graph (curve)

91
Q

Terminal velocity is reached when all forces are what

A

Balanced

92
Q

What 2 factors is the stopping distance of a car made up of

A

Thinking distance
Breaking distance

93
Q

Instrument used to measure weight of object

A

Newton-meter
(Calibrated spring balance)

94
Q

Will an object sink if it’s weight is greater than or less than the upthrust

A

Greater than

95
Q

An object will float if its weight is equal to what

A

The upthrust

96
Q

Displacement meaning

A

Distance and direction of a straight line from the object’s starting point to finish point

97
Q

Pressure in a liquid depends on the what of the liquid

A

Depth

98
Q

The pressure in a fluid causes a force to act at how many degrees to a surface

A

90 degrees

99
Q

Name for thin layer of air around the Earth

A

Atmosphere

100
Q

Does the atmosphere get more or less dense with increasing altitude

A

Less

101
Q

Why does the atmosphere get less dense with increasing altitude

A

Higher altitude means fewer particles due to less weight of particles above pushing them together
(And density is a measure of number of particles per cubic metre)

GCSE Physics (22 decks)

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