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GCSE Physics > Energy and Energy Resources > Flashcards

Energy and Energy Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

Amount of energy required to raise temperature of 1kg of a material by 1 degree

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2
Q

Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of…

A

1kg of a material by 1 degree

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3
Q

When a substance is heated/ cooled the temperature change depends on

A

Substance’s mass
Type of material
How much energy is transferred to it

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4
Q

What does the thermal conductivity of a material tell us

A

How quickly energy is transmitted through it by thermal conduction

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5
Q

If something has a high thermal conductivity will heat be lost quickly or slowly

A

Quickly
High thermal conductivity = higher rate of heat loss

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6
Q

If something has a low thermal conductivity will heat be lost quickly or slowly

A

Slowly
Low thermal conductivity = lower rate of heat loss

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7
Q

Which has a higher rate of heat loss out of low and high thermal conductivity

A

High
High thermal conductivity = higher rate of heat loss and vice versa

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8
Q

Thermal insulators have low

A

Thermal conductivity (lower rate of heat loss)

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9
Q

3 things the energy transfer per second through a material depends on

A

Material’s thermal conductivity
Temperature difference between 2 sides of a material
Thickness of material

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10
Q

True or false, all objects emit and absorb infrared radiation

A

True

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11
Q

True or false, the higher the temperature if an object then the more infrared radiation that’s emitted (in a given time)

A

True

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12
Q

What is meant by a ‘black body’

A

Theoretical object that absorbs 100% of radiation that falls on it

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13
Q

What is internal energy

A

Total kinetic and potential energy of particles in substance

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14
Q

Which 2 stores is internal energy compromised of

A

Potential and kinetic

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15
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of water if it requires 4200J to raise the temperature of 1kg of it by 1 degree

A

4200J
(As specific heat capacity is ENERGY required to raise temperature of 1kg of material by 1 degree)

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16
Q

Specific heat capacity is also the amount of energy released as a substance…

A

Cools
(E.g if water requires 4200J for the temperature of 1kg of it to be raised by 1 degree then if 1kg of it is cooled by 1 degree it will also give out 4200J)

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17
Q

Specific heat capacity is also the

A

Amount of energy released when 1kg of a substance cools by 1 degree

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18
Q

For specific heat capacity what is the unit for mass

A

Kg

19
Q

Complete this question:
Find the final temperature of 800g of water (with specific heat capacity of 4200J/ Kg degrees) at an initial temperature of 20 degrees after 20kJ of energy has been transferred to it

A

25.95 degrees

Equation given to you: Change in energy (J)= Mass (Kg) x Specific heat capacity (J/ Kg degrees) x change in temperature (degrees)

800g= 0.8kg
20kJ= 20,000J

20,000= 0.8 x 4200 x temp change
Temp change = 20,000/ (0.8 x 4200)
Temp change = 5.95 degrees (2dp)

20+ 5.95= 25.95 degrees

20
Q

Definition of temperature

A

Average kinetic energy of particles in the substance

21
Q

Why do particles in a solid have kinetic energy

A

They are vibrating

22
Q

Why do particles in a liquid/ gas have kinetic energy

A

They are moving around

23
Q

True or false a material with a higher specific heat capacity needs more energy to change its temperature

A

True

24
Q

What is the equation for specific heat capacity (it’s given to you in the exam)

A

Energy= mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
Specific heat capacity = energy/ mass x temperature change

25
Q

How do we measure power (of the heater) for specific heat capacity rpa

A

Power=Current x potential difference
P= IV (Penguins in Vegas)

Power needs to be measure to be multiplied by time to get energy as power= energy transferred/ time
We can use our energy value to put into the specific heat capacity equation to find specific heat capacity using our results

26
Q

List the 8 energy stores

A

Chemical
Kinetic
Vibrational
Nuclear
Elastic potential
Gravitational potential
Thermal
Electrical

27
Q

Equation for kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x speed^2

28
Q

Equation for work done (energy transferred)

A

Work done = force x distance moved

29
Q

Equation to find weight

A

Mass x gravitational field strength

30
Q

Equation to find (change in) gravitational potential energy

A

(Change in) height x mass x gravitational field strength

31
Q

Equation linking power, energy transferred and time

A

Power = energy transferred/ time

32
Q

2 ways we can insulate our homes

A

Double glaze windows- trap layer of air between glass (air is a good insulator so reduces/ slows down rate of heat loss)

Cavity wall insulation- space between 2 layers of brick to trap air (again slows down heat transfer)

33
Q

What does renewable mean

A

Can be replenished

Cannot be depleted (there isn’t less of it after you’ve used it)
Can’t be reused
Won’t run out

34
Q

What type of source can be replenished

A

Renewable

35
Q

Reliability meaning

A

Can be depended upon
Quality of being trustworthy/ performing consistently well

36
Q

Which energy resources are renewable

A

All except fossil fuels and nuclear

Solar
Wind
Hydroelectric
Tidal
Wave
Biofuel
Geothermal

37
Q

Which 4 energy resources are reliable

A

Fossil fuels
Hydroelectric
Nuclear
Geothermal

38
Q

True or false, fossil fuels are the only energy resource to produce CO2

A

True
Biofuel also does but it’s carbon neutral

39
Q

Which 3 energy resources are unreliable

A

Solar
Wind
Wave

40
Q

Which energy resource has the highest energy density (advantage)

A

Nuclear

41
Q

For specific heat capacity RPA why must the block be insulated

A

Stop heat being lost to atmosphere

42
Q

Specific heat capacity RPA method

A

1) Measure and record mass of block in KG
2) place heater in larger hole in block
3) connect ammeter, heater and power pack in series and voltmeter across power pack in parallel
4) with pipette add small amount of water to other hole and place thermometer inside
5) turn on power pack to 12V and record current and potential difference with voltmeter and ammeter
6) turn on stop clock and measure temperature every minute for 10 mins

43
Q

For specific heat capacity why might your specific heat capacity value not be the true value

A

Not all heat is transferred from heater into block and through thermometer

44
Q

Briefly outline thermal insulation practical

A

1) boil water with kettle
2) measure fixed volume of water with beaker then wrap with first material including a lid with a hole in
3) place there enter through hole and measure initial temperature
4) turn on stopwatch and measure temperature every 2 mins for 20 mins
5) repeat using different materials
6) plot graph comparing time to temperature.

GCSE Physics (22 decks)

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