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GCSE Physics > Magnestiem 2 > Flashcards

Magnestiem 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Proper name for ends of bar magnet

A

Poles

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2
Q

Where about on a magnet are the magnetic forces strongest

A

At the poles (the ends)

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3
Q

A permanent magnet produces its own…

A

Magnetic field

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4
Q

An induced magnet is an object that becomes…when…but doesn’t produce its own…so is only temporarily magnetic

A

Magnetised
Placed in the magnetic field of another magnet
Magnetic field

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5
Q

Permanent vs induced magnet

A

Permanent magnet produces its own magnetic field
Induced magnet is an object that becomes magnetised when placed in the magnetic field of another magnetic but doesn’t produce its own magnetic field so is only temporarily magnetic

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6
Q

4 types of magnetic material

A

Iron
Steel
Cobalt
Nickel

(They are all metals except steel which is an alloy of iron)

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7
Q

Key definition: a magnetic field is a region around a…

A

Magnet where a force acts on another magnet or another magnetic material

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8
Q

A magnetic field is a region around a magnet where a force acts on another…or…

A

Magnet
Magnetic material

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9
Q

What piece of equipment can be used to find the direction of the magnetic field of a magnet

A

(Magnetic) Compass

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10
Q

Magnetic field lines always go from the..pole to the..pole

A

North
South

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11
Q

Method for using compass to draw magnetic field lines around bar magnet

A

1) place plain piece of A4 paper landscape and place bar magnet horizontally in centre of page with North Pole on left and South Pole in right.
2)Take compass and place with South Pole touching North Pole of bar magnet
3) draw a cross on the paper at the North Pole of the compass
4) now put South Pole of compass where cross was and draw another cross where the north is.
5) Repeat until the crosses end up back at the bar magnet and join the crosses together to draw the magnetic field line and add an arrow going from the North Pole to South Pole of the bar magnet
6) repeat, starting the compass at different points on the bar magnet but always starting at the north side

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12
Q

When using compass to draw magnetic field lines around a bar magnet we always start with the compass at the…pole of the bar magnet

A

North (on left side when bar magnet is placed horizontally on landscape piece of paper)

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13
Q

A magnetic compass contains a small…

A

Bar magnet

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14
Q

True or false, the Earth has its own magnetic field

A

True

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15
Q

The Earth’s own magnetic field is due to the…

A

Earth’s core

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16
Q

When a current flows through a conducting wire there is always a…that’s produced around the wire

A

Magnetic field

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17
Q

In a normal wire where when current flows through it, a magnetic field is produced, but what determines the strength of the magnetic field

A

Size of current
(More current= increased magnetic field)
Distance from wire
(Closer to wire= stronger magnetic field then further away)

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18
Q

In a normal wire where when current flows through it a magnetic field is produced, what determines the direction of the magnetic field lines

A

Direction of current
(Use fleming’s right hand rule to work out direction of magnetic field lines when you know direction of current)

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19
Q

Name for coil of wire

A

Solenoid

20
Q

2 descriptions for magnetic field inside solenoid

A

Strong
Uniform

21
Q

3 ways to increase strength of magnetic field produced by solenoid

A

Increase size of current
Increase number of turns in coil
Place iron core inside solenoid

(To increase size of magnetic field produced by normal wire with current flowing through it and not a solenoid we can increase size of current too and use a coil of wire)

22
Q

An electromagnet is a…containing an…

A

Solenoid
Iron core

(Without the iron core it is just a solenoid which is a coil of wire)

23
Q

Solenoid vs electromagnet

A

Solenoid is a coil of wire
Electromagnet is coil of wire (solenoid) with iron core in it

24
Q

Electromagnets are extremely useful because they can be turned..or…and the strength of their magnetic field produced can be changed by changing the size of the…

A

On, off
Current

25
Q

A relay contains …separate circuits

A

2

26
Q

A relay contains 2 separate circuits.
1 circuit has a low voltage and contains an…so that the circuit can be safely switched in and off. 1 circuit has a high voltage and instead of a switch contains…

A

Electromagnet
2 metal contacts (one is connected to a spring (to keep the contacts apart) and an iron block

27
Q

Describe 2 key features of low voltage relay circuit

A

Has an electromagnet and a switch

28
Q

Describe 3 key features of high voltage relay circuit

A

No switch
Switch is replaced by metal contacts
1 metal contact is connected to a spring and iron block

29
Q

How a relay is used to turn safely high voltage circuits on and off

A

Consist of 2 separate circuits
High voltage circuit has 2 metal contacts instead of a switch with one metal contact connected to a spring and iron block
Low voltage circuit has switch but also has a electromagnet

To turn high voltage circuit on: switch on low voltage circuit by closing switch, current flows through circuit including through the electromagnet which produces a magnetic field, magnetic field attracts iron block to move towards the electromagnet, this causes the metal contacts to touch so high voltage circuit is switched on as there is no longer a gap in the circuit

To switch off high voltage circuit: open switch in low voltage circuit, current no longer flows through circuit or electromagnet, electromagnet no longer produces magnetic field, iron block no longer attracted to the electromagnet so moves back, metal contacts spring apart so there is a gap in the circuit (current can’t flow through so circuit has been switched off)

30
Q

2 key electromagnetic devices/ appliances I need to know

A

doorbell
Relay (2 separate circuits to safely turn high voltage circuit on and off)

31
Q

The motor effect describes what happens when a wire producing a magnetic field interacts with another…

A

Magnetic field

32
Q

Process of motor effect

A

1) current flows through wire to produce magnetic field
2) wire placed in another magnetic field (of permanent magnets)
3) magnetic field of wire interacts with magnetic field of permanent magnets
4) wire experiences a force so moves

Direction of force (wire moves) is determined by flemming’s left hand rule
Size of force uses equation on physics equation sheet

33
Q

During the motor effect the wire produces a magnetic field which interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnets causing the wire to experience of force.

But the wire has to be at …angles to the magnetic field lines for the wire to experience a force

A

Right

34
Q

Which finger determines what in Fleming’s left hand rule

A

Thumb= force
First finger= magnetic field
Second finger= current

35
Q

Why won’t the motor effect occur (wire won’t experience a force) if the wire is parallel with the magnetic field lines

A

Wire must always be at right angles to magnetic field lines

36
Q

Name for effect for when wire producing magnetic field is then placed in magnetic field of permanent magnets so the magnetic fields interact and the wire experiences a force

A

Motor effect

37
Q

What is different between wire in motor effect and electric motor

A

Motor effect- current is going in one direction so force acting in wire is in one direction only
Electric motor- current going in different directions on each side of the circuit so each side of the wire experiences a force but in opposite directions

38
Q

For electric motors what does the split ring commutator do

A

Switches direction of current every half turn so motor (wire) keeps rotating in same direction

39
Q

Process for how electric motors work

A

1) current passes through wire so it produces a magnetic field
2) wire placed in magnetic field of permanent magnets so magnetic fields interact and wire experiences a force acting upwards on one side and downwards on the other side causing motor (wire) to rotate
3) split ring commutator switches direction of current every half turn to keep motor rotating in same direction

40
Q

Describe how (loud) speaker works

A

Current passes through coil which is wrapped around the cone and produces a magnetic field which interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet.
This causes a force on the coil which changes direction as the current is alternating so changes direction so changes direction of the magnetic field and therefore direction of force

Changing force causes cone to vibrate and cause sound particles to vibrate producing a sound

41
Q

Last stage of loudspeakers which produces the sound

A

Changing direction of force vibrates cone causing sound particles to vibrate producing a sound

42
Q

Generator effect

A

Coil moves through magnetic field of permanent magnet and experiences changing magnetic field as it moves up and down
Coil cuts through magnetic field lines which induces a potential different and if there is a complete circuit it induces a current

43
Q

Which effect does a loudspeaker use

A

Motor effect
(Current passes through coil which produces magnetic field which interacts with magnetic field of permanent magnet causing force to act on wire)
Current is alternating so when it changes direction the magnetic field changes direction and the coil changes direction causing cone to vibrate which causes air particles to vibrate producing a sound

44
Q

What effect does the microphone use

A

Generator

45
Q

How microphone works

A

Sound waves vibrate diaphragm causing coil to move which experiences a changing magnetic field which induces a potential difference as it cuts through the magnetic field lines
If there is a complete circuit a current is induced

46
Q

How transformer works

A

Current flows through primary coil which produces an alternating magnetic field in the primary coil which causes an alternating magnetic field in the iron core which induces a changing potential difference in the secondary coil which induces an alternating current

47
Q

Why iron core is used in transformer

A

It’s easily magnetised

GCSE Physics (22 decks)

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