SP Lecture 13: sustainablity Flashcards
egoistic=
promote self
altruistic=
promote others
ecological=
promote nature
consumerism
An ideology and social system that encourages the ongoing
acquisition of goods and services
materialism
a value system where status is determined by affluence and ownership
happiness 2 components
- positive affect: positive feelings and moods
- subjective wellbeing: satisfaction
higher materialism =
lower wellbeing, lower prosocial behaviour
evidence based happiness activities
- Express Gratitude
- Cultivate Optimism
- Avoid Overthinking and Social Comparison
- Practice Acts of Kindness
- Nurture Social Relationships
- Develop Strategies for Coping
- Learn to Forgive
- Increase “Flow” Experiences
- Savor Life’s Joys
- Commit to your Goals
- Practice Religion and Spirituality
- Take Care of your Body
human-nature philosophy
- master
- steward
- participant
master =
nature exists for human use. economic growth and tech can solve any environmental problem
steward
we have a responsibility to take care of nature on behalf of God and or future generations
participants
humans are part of nature, share in its health or illness
worldviews en human-nature philosophy
egoistic = master
altruistic = steward
ecological = participant
environmental sustainability =
stable ecosystem, resources and toxins
dit hebben we nu helemaal niet
people did not know what scientists are thinking about climate change
hoewel consensus bij scientists zelf 100% is
markets and environment?
markets are good at schatten van de prijs. maar… are environmental outcomes included or externalized (dus bijvoorbeeld costs van airplane meegenomen in ticket?)
markets require
regulation & enforcement
causes of a tipping point
when the perception of the norm changes -> private beliefs may become public -> culture shift
why are tipping points so hard to predict
lack of insight
social signaling, not private beliefs
er is wel lwat correlation tussen environmental concern en action
oke, maar dus niet heel veel
meer petrol door
meer praten over air quality
en volkswagen schandal met diesel
type media predicts
the side that people support
public support wordt hoger na de environment protests…
wss door meer confidence
threats that get our attention: 4 I’s
- intentional
- immoral
- imminent
- instataneous
theory of emergency response
- notice the problem
- interpret as emergency
- feel personally responsible to act
- know what to do
- do it
2 barriers for theory of emerged response
- bij notice the problem
- bij interpret the problem as an emergency
3 redenen voor barriers
- lack of info or comprehension
- low perception of threat (four i’s)
- rejection of conflicting info
as the question more verbal and elaborate: motivated reasoning
feel personally responsible: barriers
- self interest (tragedy of the commons)
- free riding
- belief in a just world
free riding=
meerijden op de effort van de groep
reduce free riding
- evaluate individual performance
- punishment for poor performance
- task is important to you
- small group
- cohesive group
just world belief leidt tot…
belief that people get what they deserve -> leads to the is-ought problem
why is the just world belief a barriere
because it reduces the perception of a problem and the acceptance of responsibility
individual actions matter:
We can reduce all US emissions 30%
by upgrading households with
current technology
classic model of climate change mitigation
education -> climate change beliefs (reality, importance) -> behaviour
maar.. education is vaak niet genoeg! zorgt er soms juist voor minder effort omdat mensen er niet meer over willen horen of zich oncomfortabel voelen
oke
dus daarom het nieuwe model:
met co-benefits of mitigation:
economic
education
social
health and disease
collective futures model
how will your country be in 2050 after action that prevented signficant climate change?
depends on:
country conditions
individual character
country conditions
- development (economy, educ)
- dysfunction (crime, disease)
individual character
- benevolence
- competence
Development and Benevolence co-benefits showed comparable effect sizes to climate change importance
oke, dus vooral development (country conditions) en benevolence (benevolence)
communicate the 3 Rs of climate
reality
risk
response
reality of climate change
- Scientists are convinced that human-caused climate
change is occurring. - Harmful climate change impacts are already happening
here and will get worse.
risk of climate change
- Our climate may get worse than we expect.
- We may experience surprises – abrupt climate change or
abrupt impacts triggered by gradual climate change.
response
- The sooner we respond, the better off we’ll be.
- There’s much we can do.
identity signaling
= motivated to feel good about ourselves and our groups.
what does identity signaling have to do with proenvironmental behaviours
shows that pro-environmental behaviours have a social meaning
green to be seen
Publicity and need for status led to preference for “green” products.
gray to keep away
Conservatives rejected an efficient light bulb when it came with a
sticker saying “Protect the Environment”
findings on marketing of environment
Individuals may signal social identities with environmental behavior.
therefore: the current campaigns may backfire in non-environmentalists (omdat het niet aantrekkelijk is; does not align with social identities)
two climate change strategies
adaptation (you change how things are build)
mitigation (you soften the negative impact)
adaptation voorbeelden
change in land use
relocation
emergency and business continuity planning
upgrades or hardening of building and infrastructure
residential programs promoting adaptation
health programs
mitigation
energy conservation and efficiency
renewable energy
sustainable transportation
improved fuel efficiency
capture and use of landfill and digester gas
carbon sinks
mix van adaptation en mitigation
seal buildings
green infrastructure
water and energy conservation
smart growth
