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Question 1

2 reasons why we follow norms

Answer 1

• threat of exclusion (socially undesirable signals)
• acceptance and identification

ook wel:
- enforcement
- private acceptance

Question 2

3 ways in which norms are activated

Answer 2

• direct reminders & surroundings
• context & salience
• social comparison

Question 3

deindividuation leidt tot

Answer 3

• reduction self-awareness
• reduction internal values & norms
• increase group normative behaviour

Question 4

limitaties Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 4

• active situation construction -> instructies
• demand characteristics -> personen wisten doel van de studie al
• selection bias -> door woorden prison life komen hier al aggressieve mensen op af. hierdoor restriction of range
• not replicable

Question 5

social heuristics

Answer 5

social rules of thumb, deciding:
- social proof
- social commitment
- authority
- scarcity
- reciprocity

Question 6

social proof

Answer 6

people copy what others do because they think it is appropriate (klappen, sunscreen exp)

Question 7

descriptive norm werkt het beste bij … elaboration

Answer 7

low elaboration

Question 8

injunctive norm werkt het beste bij … elaboration

Answer 8

high elaboration

Question 9

desires van descriptive en injunctive norms

Answer 9

descriptive = desire to fit in
injunctive = desire for social recognition

descriptive =”cool”, injunctive = “goed bezig”

Question 10

criteria voor door in the face technique

Answer 10

• size of request: large enough to be rejected, but not too large
• chance to compromise with second request
• same person and related to first request: make it seem like personal concession

Question 11

social commitment waardoor?

Answer 11

social interactions are easier if people are consistent after committing to something

Question 12

welke technique hoort bij welke vorm van social heuristics

Answer 12

• door in the face = reciprocity
• low balling = social commitment

Question 13

low balling technique is

Answer 13

vage info - mensen laten accepteren - daarna helemaal uitleggen

Question 14

obedience rates from low to high

Answer 14

teacher touches student
in same room
learner on intercom
learner not visible

Question 15

obedience to authority depends on…

Answer 15

• authority must be legitimate
• norm must be accessible (experimenter, lab setting)
• authority must accept responsibility
• participant must identify with autority and goal -> hoe meer scientific ingesteld, hoe meer obedience

Question 16

how can we explain the results of milgram

Answer 16

1. agentic state: overwhelmed, feeling like an agent
2. moral disengagement: niet responsible voelen
3. social identity theory: thinking you are doing good

Question 17

3 manieren van resistance tegen social heuristics

Answer 17

1. reactance: restore against threatening of behavioural freedom, als je geen private acceptance van de norm hebt
2. systematic processing: question the norms and social relationships
3. using norms against norms