Southern Colonies Flashcards
Who was the founder of the Georgia Colony?
James Oglethorpe
Who granted James Oglethorpe a charter to set up a colony in present-day Georgia?
King George
Why did James Oglethorpe want to colonize Georgia?(2 reasons)
- It could serve as a barrier between Spanish territory and wealthy colonies
- It could help debtors in England get a fresh start and make money - the King wouldn’t have to pay to keep the debtor prisoners alive.
Georgia initially had no intention to do what? (2 things)
- Own Slaves
2. Own large pieces of land
When did Georgia become a royal colony?
1752
What happened when Georgia became a royal colony?
Plantations grew larger and slaves were owned
What is a royal colony?
A colony that is directly controlled by the king.
Georgia was in the first group of states to ratify what?
The New Coast
In what year did slaves come to Jamestown? Who brought them?
1619; Dutch
Jamestown traded the captain of the Dutch ship what for the slaves?
Food and water
At first, how were African slaves treated in Jamestown?
Just like indentured servants; they were free men after they served their time on the plantation
Freed indentured servants, no matter what race, could do what? (6 things)
- Marry
- Own land
- Vote
- Participate in government
- Join the military
- Own other slaves
Why did plantation owners start to hold African indentured servants longer than their agreed time? (2 things)
- They did not know how to defend themselves in Jamestown’s government
- They did not speak the same language as the people of Jamestown.
Because African indentured servants were easy to be held longer than their agreed time, what happened to the price and population of slaves?
Price went down
Population: Up because they were cheaper than African indentured servants
When were laws passed that stopped African indentured servants from being freed?
1600s
The laws restricting the actions of slaves said what? (3 things)
- Anyone born to a slave is also a slave
- Slaves couldn’t marry white people
- Slaves couldn’t be freed
What is the Middle Passage?
The route taking slaves from Africa over to the New World
Why is it called the Middle Passage?
Because it was the middle (2nd) route in the triangular trade between England-Africa-New World
Explain the contents of ships traveling from England to Africa
Ships would sail from England with finished goods and products. They would then trade some of these goods for slaves to work in the New World
Explain the contents of ships traveling from Africa to the New World
Slaves from Africa would be traded for raw materials(sugar, tobacco, wood, etc.) in the New World.
Explain the contents of ships traveling from the New World to England
Raw materials from the New World would be shipped to England, where they would use those materials and make finished goods out of them.
Where in Africa did the slaves come from?
Africa’s interior
Explain slaves’ living conditions in the ships traveling to the New World (5 things)
- No head room
- Little ventilation - Air becomes unfit to breathe
- Disease
- Used waste buckets
- As many as 400 people could be tightly packed into a small space.
Before slaves got on to the ships heading to the Americas, what happened to them?
They were branded with hot irons
Slaves who preferred to kill themselves before they got to the Americas tried to do what?
Starve themselves
Slaves who would refused to eat were _____. If that didn’t work, they were _____
Tortured
Force fed
Explain the difference between loosely and tightly packing slaves.
Tight - Quantity- More people, greater risk of death
Loose - Quality- Less people, small risk of death
What percentage of slaves died in route to the New World?
10-20%
Slaves in the Americas resisted slavery by: (8 things)
- Steal from their owner
- Purposely damage machinery
- Pretend to be sick
- Work slowly
- Abort their children/kill their newborn children
- Poison the owner
- Revolt and uprise - tried to kill landowners
- Run away
Forms of resistance led to what?
The slaves being punished(whipped, tortured, food supply limited, etc.)
Slaves who tried to run away were what?
Hunted by dogs, and if captured, tortured.
Name the New England colonies
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Haven (New Hampshire)
Slaves fought against slavery by keeping what?
Their culture(traditions, songs, beliefs, music, religion, etc.)
Name the Middle colonies
Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania
Name the Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
The New England colonies’ economy consisted mostly of what? (6 things)
- Trade
- Fishing
- Wailing
- Shipbuilding
- Logging
- Trapping
The Middle colonies’ economy consisted mostly of what? (4 things)
Diverse economy
- Harbors for shipping
- Agriculture/Grains - only 1 growing season
- Livestock
- Textile production
The middle colonies were known as what? Why?
“The Breadbasket”
Because they produced large amounts of barely, wheat, oats, and rye.
The Southern colonies’ economy consisted mostly of what? (2 things)
- Farming - rice, indigo, tobacco, sugar cane, cotton
2. Slave trade - Charleston, South Carolina was the biggest center for trading slaves
What is the climate of the New England colonies?
Short summers and cold winters
What is the climate of the Middle colonies?
Cold winters and warm summers
What is the climate of the Southern colonies?
Hot and humid summers and mild winters
What is the geography of the New England colonies?
Flat, Rocky soil, hilly further inland
What is the geography of the Middle colonies?
Flat plains along coast, hills in the middle, and mountains to the west
What is the geography of the Southern colonies?
A flat plateau region - Piedmont, rich soil that is perfect for agriculture, some mountains(Appalachian), valleys
Who made all of the important decisions of the colonies?
White men
Explain the roles of men/fathers in colonial America (3 things)
- Responsible to discipline the children
- Building houses
- Farming/Jobs
Explain the roles of women/mothers in colonial America (things)
- Preparing meals
- Sewing
- Housework
Explain the typical day for a boy in colonial America
- Went to school
2. Worked for the rest of the day
At what age did children start to work around the household?
6
Explain the roles + education of girls in colonial America (2 things)
- Help mother around house (cook, clean, etc.)
2. Didn’t go to school
What was the Maryland Toleration Act?
An act that guaranteed religious toleration of all Christians in Maryland
What religious group fled to Maryland for religious tolerance?
The Puritans
What was the New England Confederation?
An political and military alliance of New English colonies.
Which colonies were included in the New England confederation?
Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven(New Hampshire), Connecticut
What did the New England Confederation do? (3 things)
- To defend themselves from the Native Americans, Dutch, Spanish, and French, who were potential threats to the colonies.
- Agreed that criminals would be sent back to the colony of which they came from
- Gave each colony 2 votes, no matter what the population was.
The New England confederation was successful in what?
Bringing the colonies closer together(forming an alliance) and collaboration
Which colony was excluded from the New England confederation? Why?
Rhode Island; Because it was considered a rebellious colony with no structure, nicknamed “Rogue island”
How did the New England confederation collapse?
King Charles II revoked the charter of the Massachusetts Bay colony because they were trying to make their own rules and didn’t follow the king’s rules.
What was the Great Awakening?
A time of religious rival in the colonies
Jonathan Edwards, a key revivalist, focused on what?
A personal relationship with God
What was Jonathan Edwards’s most famous sermon? What lesson did it teach?
“Sinners in the hand of an angry God”
It thought that salvation couldn’t be obtained by deeds - it was a direct result from God
The Great Awakening’s revivals did what?
Motivated people to take action as followers of Christianity
What was George Whitfield known as? Why?
“The Great Itinerant”
Because he traveled around North America and Europe and preached revivals
The Great Awakening was during what period of time?
1730s-1745
What did the Great Awakening teach that was against the Anglican Church doctrine? (2 things)
- Individual experience with God
2. Salvation was determined by God, not what deeds you did during your life
The Great Awakening caused people to become (more, less) involved in the church
More
What caused the Great Awakening? When?
An event in 1688 that established the Anglican Church to be the official Church of England and put down other churches/religions, such as Catholicism, Judaism, and Protestantism
What effect did the establishing of the Church of England have politically to England?
It created stability in society because everyone held the same beliefs
The Great Awakening led to ideas of _______ and encouraged people to _____, which caused them to question the King’s power and start the revolutionary war. (2 things)
Self-government
To speak up and confront leaders - Boldness
Why did the Church of England create spiritual dryness?
Because it lacked spark/motivation and focused more on deeds and not taking action in the church
Because it encouraged individual religious experience, The Great Awakening decreased the importance of what ?
Church clergy/Doctrine
What arose as a result of the emphasis on individual faith and salvation?
Denominations of Christianity
What is a Huguenot?
A French Protestant
Thousands of Huguenots were killed by who?
French soldiers from the Roman Catholic Clergy
About how many people were killed during the week of the Huguenot massacres?
100,000 Huguenots
Who created the Edict of Nantes? What was it?
France’s King Henry IV; it was to stop the massacring of the Huguenots by tolerating them in France.
When was the Edict of Nantes Revoked? Who revoked it?
1685; France’s King Louis XIV
What happened when the Edict of Nantes was revoked?
The massacring of the Huguenots began again, and Protestant churches were either converted to Catholicism or destroyed.
Because of the French massacres of the Huguenots, about what percentage of people left the country?
25% (1/4)
When Huguenots left their country to get away from the massacring, to where did they go? (7 things)
- The New World
- England
- Germany
- Ireland
- Holland
- Switzerland
- Russia
Where in the New World did the Huguenots settle?
Pennsylvania and Virginia
What were the Huguenots known for in America?
Manufacturing
Most of our founding fathers were descendants of _____
Huguenots
The Huguenots knew that they needed what to be able to defend themselves from discrimination, which is why they went to the Americas?
An armed community
One of the most important industries in America was ____
Fur trade
What animals were used to make pelts/furs?
- Fox
- Marten
- Mink
- Otter
- (Most important) Beaver
What region of North America did the French own?
Canada + Mississippi River
The French trade fur with whom? This established an alliance between them
Native Americans
Who created the Maryland toleration Act?
Lord Baltimore
Only which group were allowed to vote during this time?
White Males
Boys became _____ to learn the skills of a job.
Apprentices
(Large, Small)Families provided an advantage because?
There were more people to work/do chores
Schools in colonial America taught what?
Religion
What provided additional oppurtunites for women?
The Western frontier
The Huguenots gave us ideas to create _______ in the United States?
1st + 2nd Amendmeets
