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8th Grade Social Studies > End Of Year Exam Review > Flashcards

End Of Year Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

The election of Democratic Republican Thomas Jefferson in 1800 led to what? (2 things)

A

Transferring power peacefully between political parties

Changing the election process of the president and vice-president

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2
Q

Why was Thomas Jefferson uneasy about the Louisiana Purchase?

A

The constitutionality of the purchase

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3
Q

What rivers did did Lewis and Clark take on their expedition?

A

Mississippi and Colombia

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4
Q

How did the Lewis and Clark expedition impact the US? (3)

A

Mapped the west
Discontinued the search for a Northwest Passage
The documentation of plants and animals

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5
Q

Who did the Americans fight n the War of 1812?

A

The British

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6
Q

Give 2 causes of the War of 1812

A

War Hawks’ desire to gain land in Canada

Arming of American Indians to fight the US by Britain

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7
Q

What were the significant outcomes of the Battle of Fort McHenry? (3)

A

A growing sense of national pride
The writing of the Star Spangled Banner
Francis Scott Key becomes a national figure

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8
Q

What was Andrew Jackson’s role in the War of 1812?

A

As General, he led the Battles of Horseshoe Bend and New Orleans

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9
Q

Name 3 effects of the war of 1812

A

It began an Era of Good Feelings
Increase manufacturing in the United States
The US felt a renewed sense of national pride

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10
Q

The importance of the War of 1812 was that it showed other countries that

A

America was a powerful country that could defend themselves

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11
Q

What were the impacts of the Battle of New Orleans?

A

The US won the last major battle of the civil war

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12
Q

Calhoun’s draft of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which included a states’ rights doctrine, state that

A

The state governments should be more powerful than the states

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13
Q

How did the nullification crisis end?

A

Henry Clay proposes a compromise to lower tariffs
South Carolina repeals its nullification position
Congress authorizes Jackson to use force to enforce the tariff laws

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14
Q

How did Andrew Jackson destroy the national bank?

A

Vetoed the bill to re-charter it
Claimed it was unconstitutional
He moved all the national bank’s money into state banks

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15
Q

How did Sequoyah impact the Cherokees?

A

Invented the Cherokee alphabet

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16
Q

After the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokees, Jackson said, “John Marshall has made his decision…Now let him enforce it.” What did Jackson mean?

A

Jackson did not intend to carry out the Court’s ruling

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17
Q

How did the Cherokee adopt to contemporary culture?

A

Set up schools to learn the English language
Created a Cherokee Alphabet and published a newspaper
Adapted a constitution modeled after the US constitution

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18
Q

Which statement bes describes the trail of tears?

A

The involuntary 800 mile march Cherokee INdians made in their removal from Georgia

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19
Q

Which phrase best represents the idea of Jacksonian Democracy?

A

Common man

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20
Q

How did Jackson’s presidency lead to the creation of the Whig Party?

A

Whigs believed that Jackson took too much power as the president

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21
Q

Manifest Destiny claimed that it was Americas destiny

A

To expand west

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22
Q

Which of the following was a result of westward expansion?

A

Tensions over slavery increased

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23
Q

The Mormons, a large group of settlers, moved west in search of

A

Religious freedom

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24
Q

Which western area did the Mormons first settle?

A

Utah

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25
Q

What were Polk’s main objectives during his presidency?

A

Annex TX, OR, and CA (expand west)

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26
Q

What was James K. Polk’s view on westward expansion?

A

He supported American expansion to the west by purchase or force

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27
Q

What cause the Mexican War?

A

President Polk wanted the Us to expand its territory/

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28
Q

What happened following the MExican War?

A

More western land opened to settlement

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29
Q

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Mexico was forced to turn over much of its Northern Territory to the US

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30
Q

Why were most gold-rush settlers young, unmarried men?

A

Difficult living conditions

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31
Q

How did the gold rush and immigration affect California’s statehood?

A

CA’s population explosion made it eligible for statehood

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32
Q

Why was California’s admission to the Union controversial?

A

It would tip the balance of power to the free states (slavery/free)

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33
Q

How did industrialization lead to urbanization?

A

More job opportunities drew workers into the cities

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34
Q

The North attracted more immigrants than the South because it offered

A

More jobs in mills and factories

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35
Q

The wide, fertile, coastal plains of the South were ideal for

A

Growing cash crops

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36
Q

What was the main difference between Northern society and southern society?

A

Economies - North: industrial, South: agricultural

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37
Q

Who invented the Cotton Gin and developed the use of interchangeable parts?

A

Eli Whitney

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38
Q

What was the main effect of the cotton gin on the south?

A

Increased cotton profits
Increased desire for land in the west to grow cotton
Made the south more dependent on slave labor

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39
Q

The Industrial Revolution began with a dramatic shift from

A

Handmade to machine made goods

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40
Q

The efficient production of large numbers of identical goods is

A

Mass production

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41
Q

The migration of people from rural areas to cities is

A

Urbanization

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42
Q

A society built largely on mechanized industry rather than agriculture

A

Industrialism

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43
Q

Members of a higher social class/elite are

A

Aristocrats

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44
Q

Cloth items that helped start the Industrial Revolution

A

Textile

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45
Q

What did steam power allow industry to achieve?

A

Move factories alway from streams
Allow factories to work during droughts
Provide new innovation to the textile industry

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46
Q

According to the 1787 Northwest Ordinance, the states formed from the Northwest Territory would be

A

Free states

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47
Q

Who was Frederick Douglass?

A

A former slave who escaped and became an abolitionist

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48
Q

Who is the most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad?

A

Harriet Tubman

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49
Q

Who published the liberator?

A

William Lloyd Garrison

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50
Q

Who established the Nashoba Community?

A

Francis Wright

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51
Q

Who published the Emancipator, the earliest abolitionist publication in the United States?

A

Elihu Embree

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52
Q

How did the Missouri Compromise address the issue of slavery?

A

It drew an imaginary line that separated free and slave states geographically

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53
Q

Which state was added to the Union at the same time as Missouri in order to maintain the balance between free and slave states?

A

Maine

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54
Q

The law which required all citizens to help capture runaway slaves was called

A

The Fugitive Slave Act

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55
Q

Name a provision of the Compromise of 1850?

A

Popular Sovereignty would determine if a new state would allow slavery or not

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56
Q

The Compromise of 1850…

A

Ended slave trade in Washington, D.C.

Made new states enter the union with popular sovereignty

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57
Q

Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a book against slavery?

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe

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58
Q

Why did Stephen Douglass write the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A

He wanted to build a railroad that would pass through both his home state and western territories

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59
Q

The process that allows people in a territory or state to vote directly on issues rather than have their elected representatives decide is known as what?

A

Popular sovereignty

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60
Q

Bleeding Kansas was named that because

A

Of violence between pro and antislavery groups during popular sovereignty

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61
Q

Bleeding Kansas was caused by

A

Popular sovereignty allowed by the Kansas Nebraska Act

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62
Q

How did John Brown play a role in Bleeding Kansas?

A

He led a massacre resulting in killing pro-slavery men and boys at Potawatomi Creek

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63
Q

Preston Brooks, a relative of a pro-slavery politician, used his walking cane to beat who, who insulted Brooks’ relative?

A

Charles Sumner

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64
Q

Opponents of the Kansas Nebraska Act formed the Republican Party, whose main goal was to

A

Stop the expansion of slavery

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65
Q

What was the Dred Scott Case about?

A

A slave named Dred Scott suing for his freedom because he lived in a free state with his master

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66
Q

What was the political outcome of the Dred Scott case?

A

Caused the Democratic Party to split into two parties

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67
Q

What was the Supreme’s court ruling of the Dred Scott case?

A

Dred Scott was a slave/property and thus was not able to sue in court

68
Q

What was Lincoln’s opinion in the Lincoln Douglas debates?

A

Insisted that the territories be kept free from slavery.

69
Q

How might have John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry VA helped lead to the Civil War?

A

Southerners were fearful of threats that might lead to ending slavery

70
Q

How does the election of 1860 represent a divided nation?

A

Republicans (abolitionist) dominated the north

71
Q

What event prompted the majority of TN voters to choose secession?

A

Lincoln’s request for states to send troops after Ft. Sumter

72
Q

Why did Scott County secede from TN?

A

After TN’s 2nd vote, they wanted to stay in the Union instead of seceding from Union

73
Q

The first goal of the Union during the Civil war was to

A

Preserve the Union

After E.P: end slavery

74
Q

What are border states?

A

slave states that didn’t seced from the Union

75
Q

Which sate saw the most Civil War Battles?

A

Virginia?

76
Q

Where was the capital of the Confederacy?

A

Montgomery, AL -then- Richmond VA

77
Q

Where and when did the first battle of the Civil War occur?

A

Fr. Sumter, Charleston SC - April 1861

78
Q

What were the confederate soldiers nicknamed?

A

Rebs

79
Q

What were the Union soldiers nicknamed?

A

Feds, federals

80
Q

What color was worn by the Union/Confederate soldiers

A

Blue -U-

Grey -C-

81
Q

Union Armies were named after what? Confederate armies?

A

Rivers - union

States - confederacy

82
Q

What were the 3 theaters of the civil war?

A

West, east, trans-Mississippi

83
Q

Who won the civil war?

A

The north

84
Q

Which political party was Lincoln?

A

Republican

85
Q

Which event prompted the first southern states to secede from the Union?

A

Lincoln’s election in 1860

86
Q

The first state to secede from the union was

A

SC

87
Q

Winfield Scott’s Anaconda plan was designed to

A

Squeeze the economy of the South

88
Q

The commander of the confederate army was

A

Robert E. Lee

89
Q

The commander of the Union army was

A

Ulysses S. Grant

90
Q

Strengths of the Union

A

Population
Transportation
More supplies + money + railroads

91
Q

Strengths of the south

A

Better Military leaders
Cotton industry
Home field advantage

92
Q

The president of the union/confederacy was

A

Lincoln/Jefferson Davis

93
Q

Which Tennesseean was a governor who pushed for secession in 1861?

A

Gov. Harris

94
Q

Which minister published pro-Unionist newspapers in East TN and served as the governor of TN?

A

William Brownlow (led revolts)

95
Q

US senator who pushed against secession for TN

A

Andrew Johnshon

96
Q

Battery

A

A collection of artillery

97
Q

Secession

A

To break away

98
Q

Calvary

A

Soldier on horseback

99
Q

Infantry

A

Soldier on foot

100
Q

Siege

A

To surround and bombard a city for a long period of time

101
Q

Casualty

A

The number of dead, wounded, or imprisoned (unable to fight) in a battle or war

102
Q

Which battle is considered the turning point of the Civil War?

A

Gettysburg

103
Q

TN battle that saw many casualties and opened up the MS river valley to the Union

A

Shiloh

104
Q

The commander who burnt Atlanta

A

Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman

105
Q

Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at /when

A

Appomattox = April 1865

106
Q

Which battle took over 3 months and gave the North control of the MS River?

A

Vicksburg

107
Q

2 battles in TN

A

Franklin and Nashville

108
Q

Who won at Chickamauga?

A

Confederacy

109
Q

Which battle is known as the high water mark of the Confederacy?

A

Gettysburg

110
Q

Who one the 1st and 2nd battle of bull run in Manassas

A

Confederacy

111
Q

Did John Bell hood’s plan to reclaim Nashville for the Confederacy work?

A

No

112
Q

What most significantly impacted the outcome of the 1864 election?

A

Sherman’s total war

113
Q

Which battle helped to carry out the Anaconda plan?

A

Vicksburg - MS river

114
Q

Why did Lee invade the North?

A

To recruit people
To give the North a taste of war
To give to Confederacy a break from war

115
Q

Which 1862 Union victory enabled Lincoln to announce the Emancipation Proclamation?

A

Antietam

116
Q

Stonewall Jackson was killed after which Confederate victory?

A

Chancellorsville

117
Q

What were the two union victories that took place within one day?

A

Vicksburg and Gettysburg

118
Q

Which battle led to the fall of Nashville?

A

Ft. Henry and Donelson

119
Q

TN is in what Theatre?

A

West

120
Q

Did the E. P. Free all slaves?

A

No - only slaves in rebelling slaves but motivated people + changed fight to ending slavery

121
Q

Which all black regiment was stationed in Nashville during the war?

A

13th USCT

122
Q

Which TN born Union naval officer helped secure the fall of New Orleans and the capture of Mobile Bay?

A

David Farragut

123
Q

First wave of seceding states

A

Tx, sc, ms, la, ga

124
Q

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address was intended to achieve what?

A

Provide a tribute to the fallen Union troops and motivate them

125
Q

What 2 key forts were captured was part of the Anaconda plan and gave access to TN?

A

Donelson and Henry

126
Q

Where did Union troops find themselves trapped after the battle of Chickamauga?

A

Chattanooga

127
Q

The Battle of Lookout mountain victory for the Union allowed what?

A

Sherman to begin his attacks in GA and his march to the sea

128
Q

Sherman’s Total war was intended to achieve what end?

A

Destroy the Confederates resource and spirit

129
Q

Nathan Bedford Forest was known as what? Where did he fight?

A

Wizard of the saddle - Franklin

130
Q

What was Confederate General John Bell Hood’s plan for Franklin?

A

To prevent Union General Schofield’s army from reaching Nashville

131
Q

What was the main difference between Lincoln’s 1st and 2nd inaugural address?

A

Stop expansion of slavery - 1st

Slavery must end - 2nd

132
Q

Which wast the 1st all black regiment for the Union Army?

A

MA 54th Regiment

133
Q

What was the largest city to fall to the Union army?

A

New Orleans

134
Q

The name given to northern whites who went south to start businesses or to pursue political careers during Reconstruction

A

Carpetbaggers

135
Q

The secret society that terrorized blacks and their white allies

A

Ku Klux Klan

136
Q

A pardon for a group of people

A

amnesty

137
Q

A personal tax to be paid before voting

A

Poll tax

138
Q

The laws passed by southern states that barred mixing of the races in most aspects of everyday live

A

Jim Crow Laws

139
Q

African American homesteaders who moved west

A

Exodusters

140
Q

Describe Radical Reconstruction

A

Imposed military rule on southern states
Threw out governments of southern states
Strict
Southern states had to abolish slavery (ratify 13th amendment)

141
Q

Describe Lincoln’s 10% plan

A

Broad amnesty for most former confederates
Southern states could organize new governments and elect representatives to congress (government must end slavery)
10% of people in state must pledge to be part of the union for the state to be admitted into the union

142
Q

Why did Lincoln support his 10% plan for reconstruction?

A

He wanted to make it easy and quick for southern states to rejoin the union

143
Q

Which amendment guarantees equal protection of the laws?

A

14th

144
Q

How did the grandfather clause restrict the voting rights of African Americans, but not the voting rights of illiterate whites?

A

White voters didn’t have to take a literacy test

145
Q

Give some examples of Jim Crow Laws

A

Making AAs travel in separate cars on railroads

Grandfather clause

146
Q

Why was the process of rebuilding the south called radical reconstruction?

A

It was the hard policy demanded by some members of Congress

147
Q

What became a point of conflict during the Reconstruction?

A

Who would determine the plan for Reconstruction - Johnson or the Radical Republicans

148
Q

What happened to the African American’s in TN’s general assembly?

A

Driven away from their positions with threats of violence and intimidation.

149
Q

The 13th amendment outlaws slavery where?

A

Any territory of the US

150
Q

What played a major role in denying AAs their full civil rights?

A

The concept of “separate but equal” - Jim Crow

151
Q

What was the first duty of the Freedmen’s Bureau?

A

To provide emergency relief to people displaced by the war

152
Q

The KKK was created because…

A

Some whites who were angry about losing power resorted to violence

153
Q

How did the Yellow Fever epidemic of 1878 impact the lives of African Americans living in Memphis?

A

High percentages of surviving Freedmen found new opportunities to work and property ownership

154
Q

How did Pap Singleton impact TN after the Civil War?

A

He encouraged former slaves to settle west

155
Q

Where did the KKK begin and why?

A

Pulaski, Tn - social club for former confederates

156
Q

What prompted the KKK’s activities to turn to violence + intimidation?

A

Rise of Freedmen’s political power in the South

157
Q

The first Grand Wizard of the KKK was

A

Nathan Bedford Forrest

158
Q

What impact did the murdering of Abraham Lincoln have on the start of the Reconstruction era?

A

He was unable to follow through with his Reconstruction plans to unify the country.

159
Q

They 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were intended to solve problems related to

A

Civil rights

160
Q

What party was Andrew Johnson?

A

Southern Democrat (loyal to union)

161
Q

Whose plan for reconstruction was the most similar to Lincoln’s?

A

Andrew Johnson

162
Q

What did the Radical Republicans do to Johnson in Congress?

A

Impeached him

163
Q

What is an example of the federal government showing its power over state governments during the Reconstruction era?

A

The military occupation of former Confederate states

164
Q

Which election marked the end of the Reconstruction

A

Hayes win of 1876

165
Q

How did the Compromise of 1877 bring about the end of the Reconstruction?

A

Democrats agreed to support the Republican candidate in exchange for the withdrawal of troops from the south

166
Q

Tn’s 1870 Constitutional convention did what?

A

Required African Americans to pay a poll tax

8th Grade Social Studies (27 decks)

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