South Africa Flashcards
Which of the following is not a geographical unit of wine production in South Africa? List the other 2?
A. Northern Cape
B. Western Cape
C. Southern Cape
D. Eastern Cape
E. Kwazulu-Natal
C. Southern Cape
Free State and Limpopo other 2 GI’s
- Limpopo has no production areas
- Free State: only 1 ward Rietrivier
Klein Karoo is best known for what style of wines? What are the 2 districts? Which district has a strong reputation for their wines?
Fortified
2 Districts: Calitzdorp, Langeberg-Garcia
The Calitzdorp district in the east is one of the best-known sources for Cape Vintage, Cape Ruby, and Cape Tawny.
Klein Karoo is a hot arid inland region, use of Port varietals is common - Tinta Barroca, Tourgia Nacional
Swartland is located within which of the following regions?
A. Klein Karoo
B. Olifants River Region
C. Breede River Valley
D. Coastal Region
E. Cape South Coast
D. Coastal Region
old-vine bush trained Chenin Blanc prized wines, Chenin Blanc leads production too
True or False:
Certified Wines of Origin (WO) must contain 85% of the stated cultivar and vintage.
True
Constantia is a ward located in the Western Cape, pick the region? Name the district?
A. Coastal Region
B. Olifants River Region
C. Overberg
D. Breede River Valley
E. Klein Karoo
A. Coastal Region
Cape Town District
other Wards of Cape Town District: Durbanville, Hout Bay, and Philadelphia
In which century were the first vineyards planted in South Africa?
A. 17th century
B. 18th century
C. 19th century
D. 20th century
A. 17th century
Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company founded Cape Town and planted first vineyards
What percentage of grapes must originate from a WO area in order to include it on a label?
100%
85% if it list vintage and cultivar
Muscat de Frontignan is also known as:
A. Muscat Blanc á Petit Grains
B. Muscat de Alexandria
C. Muscat Ottonel
D. Muscadelle
Muscat Blanc á Petit Grains
Breedekloof, Worcester, and Robertson are the 3 districts within which WO region?
A. Klein Karoo
B. Breede River Valley
C. Coastal Region
D. Cape South Coast
E. Olifants River Region
B. Breede River Valley
Western Cape Geographical Unit
- Breedekloof & Worcester, largest in terms of production, 25% of national volume, Breede River Valley over 35% of S.A. production
- Robertson: higher quality area, Cap Classique & red wine
Order the following WO districts from coolest to warmest climate. (1 = coolest, 4 = warmest).
Choice Your Responses
A. Swartland
B. Cape Agulhas
C. Calitzdorp
D. Stellenbosch
B. Cape Agulhas
D. Stellenbosch
A. Swartland
C. Calitzdrop
Hanepoot is a South African synonym for which of the following grape varieties?
A. Chenin Blanc
B. Pinotage
C. Bukettraube
D. Muscat of Alexandria
D. Muscat of Alexandria
Hanepoot is also a fortifed wine style
True or False:
In Methode Cap Classique (MCC) wines, Pinotage is commonly employed alongside Chardonnay and Pinot Noir in the blends.
False
What is the most planted red and white grape in South Africa
White: Chenin Blanc
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon
True or False:
Cape Riesling is a synonym for Riesling in South Africa
False: Crouchen Blanc
Name 2 producers of Constantia
Groot Constantia (big), Klein Constantia (small), Constantia Uitsig, Steenberg, Buitenverwachtig (Beyond Expectations)
<strong>The original Constantia farm was registered in 1685, one of the first commercial wine endeavors not only in South Africa but in the whole of the so-called New World. It was established by Simon van der Stel. When van der Stel died in 1712, his estate was subdivided into three parts: Groot and Klein Constantia (“big” and “little,” respectively) and Bergvliet</strong>
What Bay cools the Constantia region, what grape is the most planted
False Bay - Sauvignon Blanc
Table Mountain sits west
Muscat di Frontignan used for dessert production
What is the maximum percentage of new oak that can be used on a bottling labelled under the Swartland Independent Producers (SIP) certification?
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. There is no restriction for new oak
B. 25%
SIP: like minded producers making true expression of Swartland wines
Cape ____ is a cool climate district and the southern most point of South Africa, what Region is is located in?
Agulhas
Cape South Coast Region
- 1 Ward: Elim
- Vines grow among layered shales and iron-rich koffieklip, or “coffee stone,” soils, also known as ferricrete - Sauvignon Blanc dominates, Shiraz shows promise
_____ River Region of the Western Cape is for fortified wines from what 4 districts
Boberg
Paarl, Franschoek Valley, Wellington, Tulbaugh
- Repealed in Feb. 2019 (Guild Somm)
- Berg River runs through region
Put the 4 types of production areas in South Africa in order from smallest to largest
District
Region
Ward
Geographical Unit
Ward
District
Region
Geographical Unit
_____ produces the Bordeaux-style blend in Stellenbosch known as “Rubicon.”
Meerlust -
“Trilogy” is a famous Bordeaux blend in Stellenbosch produced by ______________ Wine Estate.
Warwick
Due to the _____ Current, South Africa’s coastal climate is cooler than its latitude suggests.
Benguela
- Western Cape mainly Meditterranean climate on coast
What strong SE wind in the spring and summer inhibits fungal disease and moderates temps in the Coastal Region of South Africa?
Cape Doctor
The most planted white grape in Stellenbosch
Sauvignon Blanc
- Cabernet Sauvignon for reds
The Stellenbosch and Paarl WO districts are separated by _____ Mountain.
Simonsberg
Elgin, Cape Agulhas, and Walker Bay are districts within which WO region?
A. Klein Karoo
B. Breede River Valley
C. Coastal Region
D. Cape South Coast
E. Olifants River Region
D. Cape South Coast
- Other 4: Swellendam, Lower Duivenhoks River, Overberg, Plettenberg Bay (eastern most)
- Western Cape Geographical Unit
Citrusdal Mountain, Citrusdal Valley, and Lutzville Valley are districts within which WO region as of 2018? Which district was rezoned in 2019? What WO region is the rezoned district now part of?
A. Klein Karoo
B. Breede River Valley
C. Coastal Region
D. Cape South Coast
E. Olifants River Region
E. Olifants River Region
Lutzville Valley is now part of Coastal Region - WOSA (July 2019 edition)
- Colombard & Chenin Blanc, bulk wines, S.A. largest co-op winery Namaqua in the Vredendal ward ( no district), is based here.
Match the following wine growing areas to the type of area they were classified as under the Wines of Origin (WO) scheme.
Ward, District, Region, Geographical Unit
A. Kwazalu-Natal
B. Simonsberg-Paarl
C. Franschhoek Valley
D. Klein Karoo
A. Kwazalu-Natal Geographical Unit
B. Simonsberg-Paarl Ward
C. Franschhoek Valley District
D. Klein Karoo Region
For the term “Single Vineyard Wine” to be listed on a label of South African wine, what must also be true? (Select all that apply)
A. Vineyard must be planted with a single variety
B. Vineyard must be less than six hectares in size
C. Vineyard must be organically farmed
D. 100% of grapes used must be sourced from that vineyard
E. Average vine age must be greater than ten years
A,B,D
What is the most planted grape variety in Constantia?
A. Muscat de Frontignan
B. Chenin Blanc
C. Muscat de Alexandria
D. Sauvignon Blanc
D. Sauvignon Blanc
The largest of the Stellenbosch wards is:
A. Polkadrai Hills
B. Banghoek
C. Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
D. Jonkershoek Valley
E. Papegaaiberg
C. Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
Other Wards:
Banghoek
Bottelary
Devon Valley
Jonkershoek Valley
Papegaaiberg
Polkadraai Hills
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
Select the region(s) along the coast of False Bay.
A. Stellenbosch
B. Paarl
C. Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
D. Lutzville
E. Constantia
A. Stellenbosch
E. Constantia
- Paarl - inland
- Hemel-en-Aarde Valley - Walker Bay
- Lutzville - Northern, Olifants River
Calitzdorp and Langeberg-Garcia are districts of what WO region?
A. Breede River Valley
B. Klein Karoo
C. Coastal Region
D. Cape South Coast
B. Klein Karoo
hot and arid, fortified sweet wine dominates
Wards w/o districts: Montagu, Outeniqua, Tradouw, Tradouw Highlands, Upper Langkloof, Congo Valley
The wards Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge. Upper, Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Bot River are located in what up and coming district? What Region?
Walker Bay
Cape South Coast Region
- Other Wards: Sunday’s Glen, Springfontein Rim, Stanford Foothills
- Bot River: Chenin Blanc, Pinotage, Shiraz
- Hemel-en-Aarde trio Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
- Hemel-en-Aarde (Afrikaans for “heaven and earth”)
Malmesbury shale is the dominant soil type in:
A. Stellenbosch
B. Constantia
C. Franschhoek Valley
D. Swartland
E. Paarl
D. Swartland
sandy granitic soils
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock, composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite
Jerepigo is the South African name for __________ style(s).
A. Vin de Liqueur (VdL)
B. Late Harvest
C. Vin Doux Naturel
D. Sparkling
A. Vin de Liquer (VDL)
Jerepiko (also spelled Jerepigo) is a red or white wine, produced without fermentation – grape juice is fortified with grape spirit, which prevents fermentation. It is very sweet, with substantial unfermented grape flavours.
Traditional Constantia dessert wines are most similar in style to:
A. Muscat de Frontignan
B. Sauternes
C. Alsace Muscat VT
D. Rutherglen Muscat
E. Banyuls
C. Alsace Muscat VT
Cape Coast, an overeaching region of the Western Cape includes the regions of _____ Region and _____ Region
Cape Coast - Includes the regions of Cape South Coast Region and Coastal Region
What is the 1 district of the Western Cape without a region
Ceres Plateau
Ceres Plateau includes the Ceres ward, east of Tulbagh
<strong>Wards of the Western Cape (without a district)</strong><br></br>Cederberg: (directly east of Piekenierskloof) - high elevation<br></br>Leipoldtville-Sandveld<br></br>Niewoudtville<br></br>Prince Albert Valley<br></br>Swartberg (northeast of Klein Karoo)
What is the Integrated Production of Wine Scheme (IPW)
Introduced in 1998, a voluntary means of certification for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards, by 2011 85% of wineries complied
The South African Wine Industry Trust (SAWIT) was established in 1999 to cover what core topics?
established to speed transformation of South African wine and to empower black workers in an industry that had long relied on slave- and apartheid-era labor practices
Ko-operatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika (KWV) formed in 1918 with the support of 90% of South Africa’s growers was formed to do what
The KWV, a cooperative of wine producers and growers, fixed minimum prices, determined areas of production and established production limits—powers formalized in the 1924 Wine and Spirits Control Act. It pulled the industry back from the brink of disaster after phylloxera and econmic hardships but favored large producers and rewarded lower quality
Originated in Paarl District
What is the climate of Stellenbosch and dominate soil
Maritime (comparable to bordeaux but hotter) and shale
Shale rocks are those that are made of clay-sized particles and have a laminated appearance. They are a type of sedimentary rock. Shale is the abundant rock found on Earth. They are usually found in areas where gentle waters have deposited sediments that become compacted together
Match the wards to their districts
Darling District, Paarl District, Swartland District
A. Malmesbury, Paardeburg, Paardeburg South
B. Groenekloof
C. Voor-Paardeberg, Agter-Paarl
Darling District: B. Groenekloof (Sole)
Paarl District: C. Voor-Paardeberg, Agter-Paarl -
Other: Simonsberg-Paarl
Swartland: A. Malmesbury, Paardeburg, Paardeburg South - other: St. Helena Bay, Riebeeksrivier, Riebeekberg
Fill in the map
Match the producer to the district
Sadie Family
Bouchard Finlayson
Graham Beck
Rust en Vrede
De Krans
Stellenbosch, Calitzdorp, Swartland, Walker Bay, Robertson
Sadie Family - Swartland: Coastal Region
Bouchard Finlayson - Walker Bay: Cape South Coast
Graham Beck - Roberston: Breede River
Rust en Vrede - Stellenbosch: Coastal Region
De Krans - Calitzdrop: Klein Karoo
South Africa’s highest elevation vineyards are located in which ward?
Cederberg - independant Ward in Western Cape (east of Olifants River)
Northern Cape has some of highest vineyards too
Name South Africa’s largest co-operative as well as the region it is from.
Namaqua in Vredendal ward (no district) based in the Olifants River Region
This is the largest producer in the Paarl District and the first house to produce a botrytised dessert wine in South Africa.
Nederburg
KWV based here too
- Paarl Wards: Simonsberg-Paarl (adjacent to Simonsberg-Stellenbosch), Voor-Paardeberg, Agter-Paarl
Which district of Breede River Valley excells at Cap Classique production?
A. Robertson
B. Worcester
C. Breedekloof
D. There is none produced in Breed River Valley
A. Robertson
Producers:
- Graham Beck Wines: Known for sparkling
- Springfield Estate: reputation for mineral Sauvignon Blanc
- De Wetshof: single vineyard/soil Chardonnay
- 25% of South Africa’s Chardonnay in Robertson, limestone soil in certain areas, Robertson has 14 Wards
- Breedekloof & Worcester: 25% of S.A. grape production, lot’s of Brandy
- Breede River Valley grows more grapes (34.29% of South Africa’s 2018 total)
The granite slope of the _____ mountain influences the ward of Constantia
Constantiaberg
What is the only ward of the Eastern Cape?
St Francis Bay
In South Africa, which Teinturier grape is linked to the old red wines of Constantia
A. Alicante Bouschet
B. Pontac
C. Saperavi
D. Chambourcin
B. Pontac
There used to be more Pontac planted in South Africa than Chenin Blanc, originally from southwestern France (where it no longer exists)
- Saperavi: Georgian Varietal
- Chambourcin: French-American Hybrid
Groendruif is a South African Synonym (notably in the Swartland) for which white varietal
A. Chenin Blanc
B. Sauvignon Blanc
C. Semillon
D. Chardonnay
C. Semillon
The Jackson Family has a brand of Chardonnay in Western Cape, what is it?
Capensis
What does this seal indicate on South African wines
Old Vine Project, 35 year old vines, preserves SA old vine heritage
Constantia, Philadelphia, Durbanville and Hout Bay are wards of what district? What is the mountain range and bay influencing the district.
Cape Town District, Table Mountain, False Bay (Cape Doctor influenced)
Soil of Constantia is reddish brown with high clay, Sauvignon Blanc leads production, dessert wines are dried not botrytized
What producer is considered the champion of Pinotage in Stellenbosch?
A. Meerlust
B. Warwick
C. Kanonkop
D. Vergelegen
C. Kanonkop
Located in Simonsberg-Stellenbosch ward
Kanonkop is derived from a hillock (kop) on the Simonsberg mountain above the estate from where, during the 17th and 18th centuries, a cannon (kanon) was fired to announce the arrival of sailing ships. Paul Sauer inherited the winery from his father and his family currently own it.
Name this 300 year old Stellenbosch estate?
Vergelegen (meaning “situated far away”)
VERGELEGEN V is the flagship, 85% Cab Sauv, PV, Merlot, CF
Match the ward of Stellenbosch that closely fits?
Banghoek, Simonsberg-Stellenbosch, Polkadraai Hills
A. Cooler region, Sauvignon Blanc dominates
B. Largest ward , warmer microclimate with clay soils, red dominates
C. Higher elevation, cooler microclimate, Cabernet Sauv and Chardonnay primarily
A. Cooler region, Sauvignon Blanc dominates - Polkadraai Hills
B. Largest ward , warmer microclimate with clay soils, red dominates - Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
C. Higher elevation, cooler microclimate, Cabernet Sauv and Chardonnay primarily - Banghoek
Other Wards:
- Bottelary: Cooling coastal influence, Primarily red varieties
- Devon Valley: Cooler region with fertile soils
- Jonkershoek Valley : Cooler region with fertile soils
- Papegaaiberg
This 300 year old Estate is known for producing Shiraz-Cabernet blends in Stellenbosch.
Rust en Vrede
65% Shiraz, 35% Cabernet Sauvignon
Established in 1694, since 1977 the Engelbrecht family has specialized in the exclusive production of red wine, with the focus on Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah
Charles Back of Fairview first promoted the wines of what WO District of the Coastal Region?
A. Paarl
B. Stellenbosch
C. Swartland
D. Tulbagh
C. Swartland
Chenin Blanc and Shiraz are top produced wines of Swartland with Cab Sauc, Pinotage also
Charles Backs also owns Goats do Roam Wine Company and The Spice Route Winery, Charles Back 2nd started Spice Route Estate and Eben Sadie of Sadie Family Wines was the first winemaker
In February 2020, an entirely new WO category was formed outside of the existing categories of geographic unit, region, district, and ward, what is it?
A. South East Cape Coast
B. Cape West Coast
C. Table Bay Coast
D. Lamberts Bay
E. B & D
B. Cape West Coast
Cape West Coast subregion now exists to identify areas more “coastal” in character. It encompasses the districts of Darling, Lutzville Valley, and the western half of Swartland, plus the wards of Groenekloof, St. Helena Bay, Lamberts Bay, Bamboes Bay, and Koekenaap
Sutherland-Karoo and Douglas are districts of what Geographical Unit of South Africa?
Northern Cape
Produces mostly bulk wine, two districts (Douglas and Sutherland-Karoo) and three wards (Central Orange River, Hartswater, and Prieska) have been designated. Of them, the Sutherland-Karoo district, with its high-elevation mountain sites, seems best situated to compete at a quality level.
What district bordering Stellenbosch to the southeast in the Cape South Coast region is known for crisp Chradonnay and Sauvignon Blanc?
A. Walker Bay
B. Cape Agulhas
C. Elgin
D. Plettenberg Bay
C. Elgin
- Traditionally an apple-growing region. Now Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir and Shiraz doing particularly well in this later-ripening, cooler terroir.
- Producers: Iona Vineyards, Paul Cluver, Oak Valley
- Walker Bay is SE of Elgin, Cape Agulhas SE of Walker Bay, Plettenberg Bay far eastern district of region
Greyton ward of _____ District in the Cape South Coast region is home to Lismore Estate?
A. Swellendam
B. Plettenberg Bay
C. Overberg
D. Lower Duivenhoks River
C. Overberg
Greyton Ward was drawn in honor of Lismore Estate. Lismore was started in the early 2000s by American transplant Samantha O’Keefe. O’Keefe. She planted Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, and Shiraz, becoming the first commercial grower in the area.
Her home and winery were destroyed by fire in 2019
- other Wards: Elandskloof, Klein River, Theewater
The stony soils of the Malgas ward in the _____ District of the Cape South Coast region is home to Sijnn winery?
A. Overberg
B. Swellendam
C. Elgin
D. Walker Bay
B. Swellendam
Sijnn (pronounced “sane”)
Sijnn’s vineyard soils resemble that of Châteauneuf-du-Pape, a jumble of round weathered stones bound by relatively little topsoil. In honor of this (and despite the region’s cool climate), the proprietors have planted a range of varieties featuring numerous Rhône selections including Roussanne, Grenache, Mourvèdre, and Shiraz.
Hamilton Russel is a top producer of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay in what District?
Walker Bay
Hemel-en-Aarde Valley Ward
- Bouchard-Finlayson another top producer in Walker Bay
What “French Quarter” district of the Coastal Region known for old-vine Semillon is wedged between Stellenbosch & Paarl?
Franschhoek Valley (Name means French Quarter)
French Huguenots who settled here
What famed producer of the Swartland produces Columella and Palladius?
Sadie Family Wines
- Columella: Interplanted Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault, Grenache, Tinta Barocca
- Palladius: Chenin Blanc, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Colombar, Palomino, Semillon, Roussanne, Verdelho, Clairette Blanche, Viognier
Eben Sadie Winemaker and Owner, Started at Back Family Spice Route Winery
True of False
South Africa vineyards typically don’t have to deal with drought conditions and heat problems the last 4 years due to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans bringing in plenty of rain during the winter months?
What vintages from 2014 - 2019 would be considered good or better vintages?
False, they are plagued by heat and drought
2015 & 2017 are considered best vintages (WS 93 pts both, RP 96 pts both) JR gave postive review of both vintages
2019 & 2018 (not rated), 2016 (extremely hot and early harvest) - drought and heat were problems
2018 has potential for a good vintage
2014 was very wet and colder
