Provence, Corsica, Languedoc, and Southwestern France Flashcards
Which region is known as the birthplace of French wine?
Provence
What kind of climate does Provence experience? What viticultural hazards are the least of worries because of this climate?
Dry, warm Mediterraneanmold or rot are not common here
What methods of farming are widely employed in Provence? Which AOP is pushing for a mandate of this type of farming?
OrganicLes Baux de Provence AOP
What fraction of Côtes de Provence’s total wine production output is dedicated to rosé production?
3/4 production
How many grand cru classé estates were classified in the 1955 classification of Provence? Name 5
23Clos CibonneDomaine de la CroixChâteau de SelleChâteau Sainte-RoselineDomaine du Noyer
What is the name of the traditional hourglass-shaped bottle of Côtes de Provence?
Skittle
Are rosés in Côtes de Provence bottled varietally?
NoMust be blended from at least two varieties.
Is blending of red and white wines legal in Côtes de Provence for the purpose of producing rosé?
NO
What are the three main grapes of Côtes de Provence that represent the bulk of still rosé wine production?
MourvèdreSyrahTibouren
What are the 5 subzones of Côtes de Provence
La Londe: only one producing white from Vermentino
Pierrefeu
Sainte-Victoire
Fréjus
Notre-Dame des Anges (added 2019)
all produce rouge and rosé except La Londe
What is the minimum percentage of Mourvèdre required for Bandol Rouge? What other grapes are blended with it?
minimum 50% Mourvèdre
blended with Grenache, Cinsault, and to a lesser extent, Syrah and Carignan
For how long must Bandol Rouge spend in oak prior to release?
Minimum 18 months.
Bandol Blanc is made mostly from what grape?
Clairette
Name three producers of Bandol.
Domaine Tempier
Terrebrune
Château Pradeaux
Château Pibarnon
Since what year has Les Beaux de Provence AOP been allowed to produce white wines? What are the grapes?
Since 2011
Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Vermentino, and Roussanne
Domaine de Trevallon producer -v
AOP is pushing for organic viticulture
Where geographically is Les Beaux de Provence AOP?
Hilltops
What famous producer is located within the delimitations of Les Beaux de Provence, but must release its wines as Bouches du Rhône because of the grapes they use? What grapes are most commonly used for their reds? Whites?
Domaine de Trévallon
Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah for reds
Marsanne and Roussanne mostly with Clairette, Grenache Blanc, and Chardonnay blended in.
Cassis AOP produces white wines from mostly which two grapes? What other styles are made here?
Clairette and Marsanne
Rouge and Rosé: Cinsault, Grenache, and Mourvèdre
Who is the star producer of Palette AOP?
Château Simone
What Italian grape is commonly used in Bellet AOP for white wine production? What is known as in Bellet?
Vermentino (Rolle)
rouge & rosé: Min. 60% combined Braquet and Fuella Nera
Who is the star producer of Coteaux Varois en Provence? What appellation do they release their wines under? Which two famous Burgundians are partners in this venture?
Domaine de Triennes
Var IGP
Aubert de Villaine (DRC) & Jacques Seysses (Dujac)
What are the most important grapes of Corsica? Which is a variant of Sangiovese?
Nielluccio (Sangiovese variant)
Sciacarello (Mammolo), Barbarossa
Vermentino (Malvoise de Corse) & Ugni Blanc (Rossola)
White Vin de Corse AOP are blends of mostly what two grapes?
Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse) and Ugni Blanc (Rossola)
Ajaccio AOP Blanc is made up of a minimum of 80% what grape? What is it called there?
Vermentino (Malvoise de Corse)
What grape must make up 60% of Ajaccio Rouge?
Sciacarello (Mammolo)
Patrimonio AOP Blanc is made of 100% of what grape?
Vermentino (Malvoisie de Corse)
What is the synonym for Sciacarello in Corsica?
Mammolo
Patrimonio AOP rouge is made of min 90% of what grape?
Nielluccio
What is the major Vin Doux Naturel appellation of Corsica? Grape?
Muscat du Cap Corse AOP Muscat à Petits Grains Blanc
Languedoc stretches from where to where?
Provence westward down to Roussillon
Languedoc produces more wine than Bordeaux, but only what % of AOP wine in France? What % total of all French wine comes from Languedoc?
10% AOP - 30% of the total
Where are many of the quality appellations within Languedoc clustered?
The western side
What was Languedoc AOP formerly known as? When did it change?
Coteaux du Languedoc AOP - Changed in 2007
What are the 11 geographic designations of Languedoc?
Which allow for the production of rosé in addition to rouge?
Blanc?
What AOP was a former designaton but gained AOP in 2017
Cabrières (allows rosé and rouge)
Grés de Montpellier, La Méjanelle, Montpeyroux, Pézenas, Quatorze, Saint-Christol, Saint-Drézéry, Saint Georges-d’Orques, Saint-Saturnin, Sommières
None allow Blanc
Pic-Saint-Loup (allows rosé) AOP 2017
When was Fitou AOP established? What style of production
1948 - rouge only, Min. 60% combined Grenache (min. 20%) and Carignan (min. 20%)
Fitou Maritime and Fitou Montagneux are the 2 sectors of Fitou, both are embedded within the larger Corbières AOP,
What styles of wine are made in Corbières and Minervois?
What are the 2 appelations that append Corbières and Minervois?
Which requires a higher percentage of Syrah?
Corbières and Minervois produce Red, white, and rosé for typical varietals of Languedoc
Corbières-Boutenac AOP: Rouge only: Min. 70% Grenache, Mourvèdre, and Carignan (30-50% Carignan)
Minervois-La Linière AOP: Min. 60% Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah (min. 40% Mourvèdre and Syrah)
Which two appellations in Languedoc produce only red and rosé and do so from Bordelaise grapes? Which requires a minimum of 50% Merlot?
Cabardès AOP: rouge & rosé - Min. 40% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet, Merlot + min. 40% Grenache/Syrah
Malepère AOP (min 50% Merlot rouge, min. 50% Cab Franc rosé)
What are the two subzones of St-Chinian? What styles of wine are produced here?
Red, white, and rosé in St-Chinian AOP
Berlou & Roquebrun: Rouge in the subzones
What styles of wine are produced in Faugères?
All three styles
Like Malepère what other appellation in Languedoc requires a minimum of 50% Merlot?
Limoux AOP
For Limoux AOP Blanc, what grapes are used? Fermentation vessel?
Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, and Mauzac - Must be fermented in oak
What are the three sparkling wine appellations in Limoux?
Which are made by the traditional method?
Which by the ancestrale? What are the grape requirements for each?
Blanquette de Limoux (traditional) min 90% Mauzac + Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc
Crémant de Limoux (traditional) Max. 90% combined Chardonnay (min. 50%) and Chenin Blanc (10-40%); plus max. 20% combined Mauzac and Pinot Noir (max. 15%)
Limoux Méthode Ancestrale (Ancestrale) 100% Mauzac
What are the aging requirements for Blanquette de Limoux vs Limoux Méthode Ancestrale?
Blanquette must spend at least 9 months on lees and have a min atm of 3.5
Limoux Méthode Ancestrale must spend at least 2 months and be bottled under a min of 3 atm
What are the 4 fortified wine appellations of Languedoc? What style are they made in?
Which two make Muscat de Nöel?
Muscat de Mireval
Muscat de Lunel (Nöel)
Muscat de Frontignan
Muscat de St.-Jean-de-Minervois (Nöel)
All made in Vin Doux Naturel style.
When is Muscat de Nöel bottled?
No later than December 1 of the year following the harvest.
What % of France’s fortified wines are made in Roussillon?
Over 90%!
What does Rivesaltes mean?
High Rivers
Who is responsible for introducing the process of mutage here in the 13th century?
Arnaud de Villeneuve
What are the names of the styles produced in Rivesaltes? (6)
Are they blends or varietally-bottled?
Which must be aged in an oxidative environment?
For how long?
Ambré, Grenat, Tuilé, Rosé, Hors d’Age (ambré and tuilé only) , Rancio (ambré and tuilé only)
Can be blended or single varietal.
Ambré and Tuilé must be aged in an oxidative environment until at least March 1 of the third year following the harvest.
What vessels may be used for oxidative aging for Rivesaltes Ambré and Tuilé?
Glass bonbonnes under the sun or solera
Rivesaltes Grenat must be aged reductively for how long prior to release?
Min 1 year and bottled before June 30 of the second year following harvest.
Rivesaltes Ambré or Tuilé Hors d’Age must be aged for a minimum of how many years?
Minimum 5 years, but many age for up to 20
Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP wines are made from one of which two grapes?
Muscat of Alexandria or Muscat à Petits Grains Blanc
Which appellation in Roussillon may also produce dry red wines in addition to VDN wines as of 2011?
Maury AOP rouge: 60-80% Grenache
What is the name of the southernmost wine appellation in France?
Banyuls
What style are made in Banyuls AOP? (6)
Blanc, Rosé, Traditionel (Rouge), Ambré, Hors d’Age, Rimage (vintage-dated rouge)
What is the nested AVA within Banyuls?
Banyuls Grand Cru AOP
Banyuls AOP, the southernmost wine appellation in continental France, Grenache Noir accounts for at least 50% of the Traditionnel fortified reds; the Banyuls Grand Cru AOP requires at least 75%. To be labeled grand cru, Banyuls must spend a minimum 30 months in barrel.
Banyuls Ambré and Traditionnel may not be released until when?
March 1 of the third year following harvest.
Banyuls Hors d’Age may not be released until when?
September 1 of the fifth year following harvest.
Unfortified red wines produced in Banyuls may be released under what AOP? Styles?
Coullioure AOP - All three colors
In 2003 what village was a giving a Geographic Designations in Roussillon for its Syrah and Mourvèdre-based wines?
Les Aspres
subzone of Côtes du Roussillon - min 2 varietes for wines
What 4 communes may append their name to Côtes du Roussillon-Villages AOP?
Latour-de-France
Caramany
Lesquerde
Tautavel
only for Rouge
Which river runs through Bergerac River AOP that also runs through Bordeaux?
Dordogne River
Pécharmant is an appellation within which larger AOP? What styles are made in Pécharmant?
Bergerac AOP - Pécharmant is a red wine only appellation.
How does Côtes de Bergerac AOP compare to Bergerac AOP?
Côtes de Bergerac requires higher amount of minimum alcohol 11.5% & 11% for reds and whites up from 11% & 10% in Bergerac
What are the 5 sweet wine appellations of Bergerac?
*Monbazillac AOP: min 45/gl RS & SGN 85g/l RS
Saussignac AOP: min 68 g/l RS
Haut-Montravel AOP: min. 85 g/l RS
Côtes de Montravel AOP: 25-54 g/l RS
Rosette AOP: 25-52 g/l RS
Which of the following appellations must produce exclusively dry red and white wines?
Montravel AOP
Haut-Montravel AOP
Côtes de Montravel AOP
Montravel AOP: dry rouge and blanc from Bordeaux varietals
Haut-Montravel AOP: sweet 85 g/l RS
Côtes de Montravel AOP: sweet 25-54 g/l RS
What is the main grape of Cahors and at what minimum % must it be present?
minimum 70% Malbec
What is the main grapes of Madiran?
Tannat
Madiran AOP producers may produce semi-sweet and sweet wines from Petit Manseng, Petit Courbu, and Arrufiac under what appellation?
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP
Jurançon produces both sec and sweet passerillage wines from primarily what three grapes? Which is best for sweet? Sec?
Gros Manseng (sec), Petit Manseng (passerillage), Petit Courbu
If a Galliac wine is sweet, how is it labeled? Sparkling?
Gaillac Doux (sweet), Gaillac Mousseux (sparkling)
In what styles is Galliac Mousseux made in?
Traditional: Min. 50% combined Len de l’El, Mauzac, Mauzac Rosé, and Muscadelle
méthode Gallaçoise (ancestral): Mauzac and Mauzac Rosé
In what appellation is the red grape Duras and the white grape Len de l’El considered major grapes?
Galliac AOP
rouge: Min. 70% combined Syrah, Duras, and Fer
What style of wine is exclusively produced in Gaillac Premières Côtes?
Dry whites
Blanc: Min. 50% combined Mauzac, Mauzac Rosé, Len de l’El, and Muscadelle; plus max. 50% combined Sauvignon Blanc and Ondenc
Which grape is required to make up 90% in red wines from Marcillac?
Fer
Fronton AOP must have a minimum of 50% of what grape in both the reds and rosés from here?
Negrette
Map of Southwest France AOP
South West France Map
- 5 Sweet producing AOPS
- Top red only of Bergerac
- Whites from same area as Madiran, grapes
- Gaillac style and grapes
- Marcillac varietal
- Fronton varietal
- 5 Sweet producing AOPS - Haut Montravel, Côtes de Montravel, Rosette, Sauissignac, Monbazillac
Monbazillac: Minimum Residual Sugar: Blanc: 45 g/l - SGN: 85 g/l
- Pecharment: rouge only from CF, CS, Merlot
- Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh - Courbu, Petit Courbu, Gros Manseng and Petit Manseng - sweet and dry
- blanc: Len de l’El, Mauzac, Ondenc - rouge/rose: Syrah, Duras, and Fer - Méthode Ancestrale: Mauzac and Mauzac Rosé
- Marcillac: rouge/rosé - min. 90% Fer
- Fronton: ropuge/rosé - min. 50% Negrette
