Australia Flashcards
Fill in the map
Fill in the New South Wales map
(Australian Wine’s Birthplace)
What are the main 4 Zones
Where is Casasella (Yellowtail) bulk production
What are the 2 major subregions of the northern green portion of the map
Where is Clonakilla vineyards
Big Rivers: Murray Darling GI*, Perricoota GI, Riverina GI, Swan Hill GI*
- Riverina GI (Casella Brands/Yellowtail) - *shared with Victoria
- *Hunter Valley:** Pokolbin GI, Broke Forwich GI (main 2 subregions), Upper Hunter Valley GI
- *Central Ranges:** Cowra GI, Mudgee GI, Orange GI
- Southern New South Wales:** Canberra GI, Tumbarumba GI (sparkling*), Hill Tops GI, Gundagi GI
- Clonakilla vineyards in Canberra GI - subregion: Murrumbateman
- *Other Zones:
<strong>South Coast: </strong>Shoalhaven Coast GI & Southern Highlands GI - <strong>Northern Slopes:</strong> New England Australia GI (sole) (highest 4330 ft) -<strong>Western Plains -</strong> no GI’s - <strong>Northern Rivers</strong>: Hastings River GI (sole)
South Eastern Australia used for multi-zones
Fill in the map
1 and 2 are GI’s of the North West Victoria Zone that are shared with New South Wales
3 is a subregion of Goulbury Valley in the Central Victoria Zone
- Murray Darling
- Swan Hill
- Nagambe Lakes, the lake moderates hot climate
Fill in the Western Australia Map
What is the subzone of the Swan District
1 has 5 subregions which is the name of the most established
2 has 5 unofficial subzones, which are the 2 main ones
Swan Valley is subzone
- Great Southern: Mount Barker GI, the Great Southern’s most established sub-region and its center of production - other GI’s: Denmark GI, Albany GI, Porongurup GI, Frankland River GI
- Margaret River GI: Wallcliffe, Wilyabrup - other subregions: Carbunup, Treeton, Yallingup*, Karridale
* Also important
Leeuwin Estate, Cullen, Cape Mentelle, Vasse Felix, Moss Wood are the pioneers and “First Five” producers in ______. Who produced the first wine in 1971? From what grape? Which producer has a Heritage 5 wine from the Langton Classification?
Margaret River
Vasse Felix from Riesling
Heriatge 5: Leeuwin Estate’s ‘Art Series’ Chardonnay
True or False
Margaret River has a Mediterranean climate similiar to Medoc and Connawarra, marginally warmer, and red wine dominates production
False, the climate is Mediterranean but white wine production leads
- White Grapes (59%): Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Chardonnay
- Red Grapes (41%): Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Merlot
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay are the region’s most respected wines internationally, but the engine of local production is the <em>Sauvignon Blanc-Semillon blend</em>
True or False
Tasmania is the sole GI for the island with the main focus on sparkling production
True
In 2012, Tasmanian producers transformed 84% of the total Chardonnay harvest and 51% of the Pinot Noir fruit into sparkling wines. One in every two bottles from the island is bubbly,
Granite Belt GI and South Burnett GI are located in what state of Australia
Queensland
What is Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD)
dripp irrigation that reduces H2O use by up to 50% by alternating irrigation to one side of the vine then the other
Put Australia’s Geopraphical Indications in order from largest to smallest in size, what are the 6 Aussie States
Region
Sub-region
Zones
States
States: South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania, Queensland
States, Zones, Regions, Sub-regions
- Australia GI (the whole country is considered a GI)
- South Eastern Australia Gi: multi-state zone, includes the entire states of Victoria, New South Wales, and Tasmania, and the winegrowing sectors of South Australia and Queensland.
Who produces Shiraz from Hill of Grace vineyard in the cooler Eden Valley
Henschke, source of single vineyard unlike Penfold’s which sources from all over Barossa
Mount Edelstone (40 acres): 100% own-rooted Shiraz planted in 1912 on deep sandy loam over clay, other top wine
Produces Cyril Cabernet Sauvignon too
What is regulated deficit irrigation (RDI)
RDI creates water stress during certain key periods of the vine’s development by lowering the total amount of applied irrigation water. By utilizing RDI after fruit set, vineyard managers could limit vegetative growth while enhancing fruit coloration and restricting berry size, and it is thus particularly useful for red wine grapes. However, water deficit may lower yield, and negatively impact the development of aromatic varieties by slowing the accumulation of monoterpenes in the ripening grapes. RDI provides only marginal water use savings, and lower water use efficiency
What government authority established in 1981 as the Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation, maintains oversight over the wine industry.
The Label Integrity Program (1990) mandates what % of variety, vintage and region requirements
Wine Australia
min. 85% of the stated grape, year, or region
If multiple varieties are to be listed on the label (i.e., Grenache-Syrah-Mourvèdre) the grapes must be listed in order of proportion in the blend. All components making up a minimum 85% of the blend must appear on the label, and no listed grape may be in lower proportion than an unnamed variety.
South Australia makes up close to 50% of Aussie production list the Zones and list the 3 zones that make up the Superzone
Far North, Mount Lofty Ranges, Barossa
Lower Murray, Fleurieu
Limestone Coast, The Peninsulas: No GI’s
Adelaide Superzone (includes zones of Mount Lofty Ranges, Barossa, and Fleurieu)
True or False
Phylloxera destroyed vineyards in South Australia just like Victoria
False
SA managed to avoid phylloxera despite ruin in neighboring Victoria’s vineyards by quickly implementing a total ban on imported vine material in 1874
What is AUS’s largest mountain range and how does it most impact viticulture?
Great Dividing Range – Rainshadow affect to west of range sheltering in many regions and reducing easterly storm and rain impacts of Victoria to Queensland. This range has many higher elevation vineyards cool climate viticulture.
Which of these are GI’s of Mount Lofty Ranges
Adelaide Hills GI
McLaren Vale GI
Langhorne Creek GI
Currency Creek GI
Adelaide Plains GI
Clare Valley GI
Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Clare Valley
- Adelaide Hills GI sub-regions: Lenswood GI (Sauvignon Blanc) , Piccadilly GI (Chardonnay) -
- White leads (63%) production: SB, Chard
- Pinot Noir for red
Who owns Magill Estate and where is it located?
Penfolds home estate
Adelaide Plains GI
- Max Schubert 1st experiments with Grange here
What winery has the world’s oldest syrah vines?
Langmeil in Barossa Valley,
Planted in 1843, Freedom vineyard
Why is Block 42 Kalimna Vineyard famous, who produces it?
Oldest Cabernet Sauvignon, planted in 1888, Penfolds.
Only ever released in 1953, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1996 and 2004.
Johann Gramp planted a vineyard along the banks of ______ in Rowland Flat, establishing Orlando Wines, the _____ region’s first commercial winery.
Jacob’s Creek
Barossa Valley
Orlando Wines is owned by Pernod Ricard and is called Jacobs Creek
Where is Kaiserstuhl and what zones of South Australia does it divide
Barossa Ranges that divides Barossa Valley and Eden Valley.
Who produces RunRig and The Laird
Torbreck, Pete Kight. Also owns Quivira in Sonoma
Runrig: Shiraz/Viognier cofermented
(Exceptional Langton Class.)
The Laird: small production Shiraz -
Woodcuter’s: Semillon-160yr old vines of Madeira clone
The Pict: 85 yr Mataro vines.
Descendant Shiraz-Viognier
(Excellent Langton Class.)
What are the 2 regions and subregion of the Barossa Zone
- Barossa Valley
- Eden Valley - sub-region: High Eden
Eden Valley higher elevation than Barossa, cooler climate, Riesling dominates white, white production leads over red
Name a few key producers of Barossa
(not Penfolds)
Seppeltsfield, Torbreck, Peter Lehmann (produces: Stonwell Shiraz), Penfolds, Two Hands, Wolf Blass, Turkey Flat, John Duval
Producers not imported into the USA
Rockford: Top wine - Basket Press Shiraz, quality sparkling Shiraz
St Hallett’s: Old Block Shiraz
What is the Barossa Old Vine Charter? Match the aging requirements to the correct verbage?
35, 70, 100, 125
Ancestor Vine, Old Vine, Survivor Vine, Centenarian Vine
The charter is a voluntary registry of old vine vineyards in the Barossa, and it divides vines into four age groups: Barossa Old Vine Charter (formalized in 2009)
Barossa Old Vine: Min. 35 years old
Barossa Survivor Vine: Min. 70 years old
Barossa Centenarian Vine: Min. 100 years old
Barossa Ancestor Vine: Min. 125 years old
What are the regional GI’s of Fleurieu Zone
(5)
- *McLaren Vale GI**
- *Langhorne Creek GI**: 2nd most important, sits on lake Alexandria, Shiraz dominates
- *Currency Creek GI**
- *Kangaroo Island GI**
- *Southern Fleurieu GI**
What is the name and size of traditional oak used in Australia for aging?
300L hogsheads
What type of climate does McLaren Vale have and what 2 geological features impact the area
Warm Mediterranean - Mount Lofty Ranges and Gulf of Saint Vincent
Windy warm climate allows for Organic and Biodynamic practices - phylloxera free
Zone: Fleurieu
Regions:
McLaren Vale GI
Langhorne Creek GI
Currency Creek GI
Kangaroo Island GI
Southern Fleurieu GI
Clarendon Hills, d’Arenberg, Mitolo, Chapel Hill, Kay Brothers are located where in South Australia
McLaren Vale
Other Wineries: <strong>Molly Dooker, Hardy’s, Coriole</strong> (Loyd Reserve Shiraz, “Excellent” tier Langton Class.), <strong>Pirramimma, Rosemount Estate</strong>
<strong>Yangarra Estate (</strong>Jackson Family Wines), <strong>Wirra Wirra</strong> (RSW Shiraz “Excellent” tier Langton Class.), <strong>Fox Creek</strong> (Reserve Shiraz, “Outstanding” tier Langton Class.)
In which Zone are the following GI
Clare Valley
Kangaroo Island
Riverland
McLaren Vale
Eden Valley
Southen Flinders Ranges
Coonawarra
Padthaway
Mount Lofty Ranges - Clare Valley
Fleurieu - Kangaroo Island
Lower Murray - Riverland
Fleurieu - McLaren Vale
Barossa - Eden Valley
Far North - Southern Flinders Ranges
Limestone Coast - Coonawarra
Limestone Coast - Padthaway
Arrange from N to S: Barossa Valley, Southern Flinders Ranges, Coonawarra, Clare Valley, McLaren Vale
Southern Flinders Ranges
Clare Valley
Barossa
McLaren Vale
Coonawarra
What part of Australia would you find seven different underlying geological structures, or ‘terranes,’ with red brown loam dominate
McLaren Vale
- Red Brown Loam (40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay)
The Ancient Rocks: Ancient bedrock<br></br>Sand and Sandstone: This terrane includes the subtypes Maslin Sands, Pirramimma Sandstone, Ochre Cove Formation (red and yellow sandstone), and Semaphore Sand (beach sand)<br></br>Limestone Country<br></br>Clay Plains of Aldinga<br></br>The Piedmont: Alluvial deposits<br></br>Talus Slope: Variable soils near the Willunga Fault<br></br>Alluvial Flats
What unofficial sub-region of Clare Valley is a hot spot for Riesling
Polish Hill River area, Polish Hill Vineyard top site
Watervale other top Riesling spot
limestone and slate soils are found throughout Clare Valley
other sub-regions: Auburn, Sevenhill, Clare
Grosset, Kilikanoon, Jim Barry, Taylors, Wendouree Cellars, SevenHills Cellars are top producers from what GI of Mount Lofty Ranges?
Name 2 famous vineyards of these producers?
Clare Valley
Grosset Polish Hill, Watervale & Gaia vineyards
Jim Barry Florita vineyard,
Petluma’s Hanlin Hill vineyard also
Wendouree Shiraz is one of the Heritage 5 in the Langton Classification (Exceptional) also has 4 “Outstanding” wines (2nd tier)
Jim Barry “The Armagh Shiraz” and Grosset “Polish Hill Riesling” both “Exceptional” category in Langton Class.
What zone and GI of South Australia account for 25% of the Aussie production
LOWER MURRAY ZONE - Riverland GI
Oxford Landing, Banrock Station, Berri, Kingston Estate producers
Murray River flows through region
Mount Benson, Robe and Mount Gambier are GI’s of what South Australia zone, what are the other 3 GI’s
Limestone Coast GI
Coonawarra GI, Wrattonbully GI, Padthaway GI
- Wrattonbully has simliar style to Coonawarra, red wine focused
- Padthaway 2nd in production in Limestone Coast GI, more red but lot’s of good chardonnay and whites
What is the soil type and climate in Coonawarra?
Terra Rossa - friable clay loam (loam:combo of sand,silt,clay) , tinted red by iron oxide, overlies soft limestone
- Cool Mediterranean
- Cabernet Sauvignon is most prestigous, white wine is very limited
- John Riddoch region pioneer
Which company produces Yellow Tail and where are most of the grapes sourced
Casella (producer) - Riverina GI, Big Rivers Zone of New South Wales
Who is considered the “Father” of Aussie wine from his gatherings of vines in Spain and France in the 19th century
James Busby
What Southern New South Wales zone regional GI is known for a mild continental climate similiar to the N. Rhone Valley, the region surrounds the capital
- Canberra District
- Tumbarumba, Hill Tops and Gundagai other GI’s of SNSW zone
- unofficial subzones: Murrumbateman/Yass, Bungendore/Lake George, Hall/ACT (Australina Capital Territory)
- In 1971 Edgar Riek planted vines on the shores of Lake George and John Kirk planted his Clonakilla vineyard in Murrumbateman
-
Clonakilla’s Shiraz-Viognier is “Exceptional” tier in Langton’s Classification - produce Hilltops Syrah also
- Clonakilla “meadow of the church” in Gaelic
- Lark Hill (Bungendore) produces note worthy Gruner Veltliner
The _____ GI of the Central Victoria Zone is famous for Greenstone soil, a Cambrian era (500 milion years ago) volcanic rich in copper and calcium red soils. Who is the lead producer?
Heathcote GI
Jasper Hill
Top Wines: Georgia’s Paddock Shiraz ($85 avg. retail) - Emily’s Paddock Shiraz- Cabernet Franc
(Both wines Outstanding in the Langton Classification)
- Chapoutier Australia based here
The GI’s of Central Victoria Zone:
Bendigo GI<br></br>Goulburn Valley GI - Nagambie Lake (Sub-region)<br></br>Heathcote GI<br></br>Strathbogie Ranges GI<br></br>Upper Goulburn GI
Name 2 producers of Rutherglen or Glenrowan sweet wines
All Saints, Bailey’s, Morris, Campbells, Chambers, Stanton & Killeen, Rutherglen Estates (de Bartoli), Buller, and Pfeiffer.
Who produces Contours Riesling?
Pewsey Vale
Yalumba owns Pewsey Vale
Pewsey Vale was the first Australian winery to use a Stelvin cap (1977), wineries in Switzerland trialed Stelvin caps in 1971
Name 2 producers of Eden Valley
(Not Henschke)
Pewsey Vale, Yalumba, Mountadam, Henschke, Irvine
(Yalumba owns Pewsey Vale)
Who produces Command Shiraz?
A. Henschke
B. Penfolds
C. 2 Hands
D. Elderton
E. Jacobs Creek
D. Elderton
“Excellent” tier Langton Classifictaion
Command Shiraz: made from single vineyard planted in 1894 on the estate, so named because the best fruit “commanded” special treatment.
Elderton is considered a pioneer in the region for their environmental initiatives. The estate was the first to use Australia’s “Trees for Life” program (annually planting trees to offset winery emissions) and they are water self-sufficient 11 months out of the year by harvesting rainwater and recycling all winery water for vineyard use.
What winery in Eden Valley is considered the “Master of Merlot” growing Merlot for their signature grape and wine?
Irvine
Considered best Merlot producer in Australia by Wines Australia and Barossa Australia
Their Irvine Vineyard is home to their Grand Merlot Block
(label was red in the past)
Which Gippsland producer’s label is pictured here?
A. Dirty Three
B. Narkoojee Winery
C. Bass Phillip
D. Philippa Farr
C. Bass Phillip
Located in South Gippsland, one of Australia’s top Pinot Noir Producers, as well as Chardonnay
Exceptional Category Langton Classification
- All the other producers are in Gippsland also with a focus on chard, pinot noir, sparkling and shiraz
Main Ridge Estate, Stonier and Paringa Estate are located in which wine growing region?
A. Yarra Valley
B. Gippsland
C. Mornington Peninsula
D. Tasmania
C. Mornington Peninsula
cool climate, Pinot Noir & Chard driven - Pinot Noir accounts for almost half of production, Pinot Gris accounts for about 20%
T’Gallant, Kooyong, Ten Minutes by Tractor other notable producers
T’Gallant pioneered Pinot Grigio here in Australia
Main Ridge: Half Acre Pinot Noir - “Outstanding” tier Langton Class.
Willunga, Blewitt Springs and Kangarilla are located where?
A. Barossa Valley
B. Clare Valley
C. McLaren Vale
D. Coonawarra
C. McLaren Vale
Willunga ripens later
Grenache performs well in the sandier areas of Blewitt Springs and Kangarilla
What is the second most productive GI in the Fleurieu after McLaren Vale?
Langhorn Creek GI
5000 HA (2012 Wine Australia) - McLaren Vale (6600HA)
sits on Lake Alexandrina
less than a 1/5th of the wine is labled Langhorn Creek GI
Brothers in Arms, Metala Vineyard and Bleasdale top producers
Metala Vineyard also top vineyard
Balnaves, Bowen, Hollick, Katnook, Leconfield, Majella, Penley Estate, Petaluma, Wynns and Zema produce wine in what GI?
Who is the largest producer?
Coonawarra
Wynn’s largest producer
Wynn’s owns approx. half of the regions vineyards, John Riddoch Cab Sauv top wine, retail $130 - “Exceptional” tier Langton Class.
Tappanappa Estate owned by Petaluma above
Louis Roederer and Heemskerk Wines formed a joint venture in the 1980’s and produced Tasmania’s first sparkling wine, name the winery and who owns it now?
Janzs, now owned by Yalumba of Barossa Valley
Jansz is located in Pipers River subregion near the Bass Straits
Yalumba is Australia’s oldest family owned wine company (1849), own Pewsey Vale too
Moorilla Estate was the first winery in what GI of Australia?
A. Hunter Valley
B. Barossa Valley
C. Tasmania
D. Margaret River
E. Eden Valley
C. Tasmania (1958)
Known for sparkling and cool climate wines, own Moo Brew too
Forest Hill and Plantagenet Wineries are pioneers of what region and subregion ?
Region: Great Southern
subregion: Mount Barker
State: Western Australia - Zone: South West Australia
Riesling and Shiraz dominate
After Margaret River and Great Southern what region is the 3rd most important of the South West Australia zone and home to regional pioneer Capel Vale wines?
Geographe GI
Capel Vale planted the region’s first vines in 1974
Unofficial Subregions: Ferguson Valley, Donnybrook, Capel-Busselton, Harvey
focus in region has been on reds, Shiraz and Cab Sauv lead, Semillon-Sauvignon Blanc blends are gaining steam, next door neighbor to Margaret River GI
Name 3 top producers of Yarra Valley Wine, what producer in Yarra Valley is part of the Heritage 5 in the Langton Classification? What French Champagne house established a property in Yarra Valley?
Yering Station, Yarra Yering, Mount Mary, De Bortoli, Yarra Yarra, Coldstream Hills, PUNCH, Giant Steps, Luke Lambert
Mount Mary Vineyard Quintet Cabernet Blend - Heritage 5 wine
Domaine Chandon
(source fruit from Strathbogie, Macedon Ranges, King & Alpine Valleys)
Yarra Valley is warmer than Burgundy but cooler than Bordeaux
What producer in the Beechworth GI in the NE Victoria zone excels at Chardonnay and is rated as “Exceptional” in the Langton Classification?
A. Castagna
B. Giaconda
C. Brown Bros.
D. Gapstead Wines
B. Giaconda
Giaconda also produces Shiraz, Marsanne, Nebbiolo
- Castagna: Beechworth GI, Italian and Rhone varietals
- Brown Bros: King Valley GI, Milawa Vineyard, Patricia label top line - still family owned - member of Australia’s First Families of Wine (AFFW)
- Gapstead Wines: Alpine Valleys GI, Italian, Spanish varities, sparkling, Prosecco, Bordeaux, Burgundy varitals
Tahbilk is the top producer in the Central Victoria zone, it produces wine in what GI? What is the subregion it’s located in?
A. Heathecote GI
B. Bendigo GI
C. Upper Goulburn GI
D. Strathbogie Range GI
E. Goulburn Valley GI
E. Goulburn Valley GI - subregion: Nagambie Lakes
- 1860 Vines Shiraz top wine, produced from less than two acres of pre-phylloxera vines - “Outstanding” tier Langton Class.
- 1927 Vines Marsanne; oldest (1927) and largest Marsanne vineyard in world (GS, W. Atlas), Marsanne is specialty in the region
- Spanish & Italian varietals also
- Michelton & Box Grove other top prodcuer of Nagambie Lakes
Seppelt’s sparkling wine is produced in the subregion Great Western GI of the _______ GI in Western Victoria?
A. Henty
B. Pyrennes
C. Grampians
D. Shared between Grampians and Henty
C. Grampians
Seppelt’s St. Peter’s Shiraz from Grampians GI is Excellent (3rd tier) of Langton’s Class - same owner of Barossa property
**Founded by Best Family, who founded Best’s Great Western winery owned by Thomas Family now
- Grampians GI 80% red - Shiraz, CS, Merlot
- In 1890 Charles Pierlot, a French winemaker who trained at Pommery, made Australia’s first-ever traditional method sparkling wine, at Great Western
Who produces Langton Classifed “Exceptional” level Shiraz in the Great Western GI?
A. Mount Langhi Ghiran
B. Best’s Winery
C. Seppelt Winery
D. Grampians Estate
B. Best’s Winery
Best’s Great Western winery Bin O Shiraz is Outstanding tier (2nd) too
- Mount Langhi Ghiran’s Shiraz is Excellent tier in Grampians GI
- Seppelt St. Peters Shiraz Outstanding tier in Grampians
Brokenwood, Lake’s Folly, McWilliam’s Mount Pleasant, Tyrrell’s are properties locaten in what zone and region?
Hunter Valley zone and Hunter Valley region
