North America w/o Cali Flashcards
This covers all of North America with Cali separate
Oregon Map
What are the AVA’s of Willamette Valley, which was the first AVA
AVAs: Willamette Valley, Dundee Hills, Eola-Amity Hills, McMinnville, Ribbon Ridge, Chehalem Mountain, Yamhill-Carlton District
- Willamette Valley (1984)
- All other AVA’s were established in 2000’s
Match the Soil Type to the Soil series
- Uplifted Marine Sediment
- Volcanic
- Loess
- Missoula Flood Deposits
Woodburn - Willakenzie & Bellpine - Jory & Nekia - Laurelwood, Cornelius, Cascade
Uplifted Marine Sediment: Willakenzie and Bellpine
Volcanic: Jory & Nekia
Loess: Laurelwood, Cornelius, Cascade
Missoula Flood Deposits: Woodburn
- *Uplifted Marine Sediments**: More common on the western side of the valley, derived from sandstone and shale, oldest bedrock in WV, tend to be sandier and thinner than the volcanic soils. PN wines are typically noted as darker in color and fruit profile.
- *Volcanic Soils**: reddish volcanic soils are depleted and weathered, formed atop underlying basalt parent rock, volcanic soils in WV tend to contain more clay and therefore have a higher water-holding capacity lighter color and a red fruit profile to PN
- *Loess:** A windblown soil, northeastern-facing hillsides of the northern valley
- *Missoula Flood Deposits:** These flood-borne sediments, fertile soils; they compose the valley floor and are best purposed for other forms of agriculture.
Is it Burgundy or Willamette Valley?
- 45th parallel
- compressed shorter season, higher summer spikes
- Rise and fall temps during spring and fall
- earliest budbreak
- wetter
- limestone
- Hail problems
- both
- Burgundy
- Burgundy
- Willamette Valley by 1 week
- WV overall wetter but most rain is in the winter, Burgundy the rain (50%) during season
- Burgundy (WV has no limestone or marl)
- Burgundy, WV has virtually no issues
What 2 grapes account for 77% of Oregon’s vineyards, who is the largest producer
Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris, King Estate
What was the importance of David Lett
He planted the 1st WV first Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris (PG first in North America)
Eyrie Vineyards, Dundee Hills, 1966
What is the prominent Pinot Clone used in Willamette Valley
Dijon Clone
Originally Wädenswil clones (Swiss origin)
What valley is Oregon’s warmest
Rogue Valley
What type of soil is responsible for the Red Hills of Dundee?
Jory Loam
What is the most recent Oregon AVA? Instituted in 2018:
Van Duzer Corridor AVA
- Van Duzer Corridor is a gap in the Coastal Moutains that blows cool constatn wind, McMinnville is influenced the most followed by Eola-Amity Hills AVA
What are the two sub AVAs of the Umpqua Valley AVA?
Elkton Oregon and Red Hills of Douglas County AVAs
What is the sub. AVA of the Rogue Valley AVA?
Applegate Valley AVA
Name three Burgundian producers making Pinot Noir in Oregon:
Domaine Drouhin Oregon, Nicolas Jay (Meo Camuzet), Rose and Arrow (Liger Belair), Resonance (Louis Jadot), Lingua Franca (Comtes Lafon)
Where is the Shea Vineyard located, which AVA?
Yamhill Carlton AVA
- Producers of Yamhill Carlton: Elk Cove, Ken Wright, Penner-Ash
What is Willamette Valley’s smallest AVA
- Ribbon Ridge, 300 acres of vine
- Willakenzie series, marine soil
- Producers: Beaux Freres, Brick House
True/False: David Lett planted Oregon’s first Pinot Noir?
False. Oregon’s first Pinot Noir was planted 1961 in Umpqua Valley’s Hillcrest Vineyard by Richard Sommer,
Lett planted WV’s first in 1966
Which AVA is shared between Oregon and Idaho?
Snake River Valley AVA
Other than Jory soils, what other volcanic soil series is found throughout Willamette Valley?
Nekia - a shallower volcanic soil
Who invented the double curtain trellising system?
Scott-Henry
Benefits: Increased fruiting areas and a split canopy that allows more sun penetration, producing less herbaceous wines with smoother tannins
Disadvantages: Can produce excessive yields. Very labor-intensive and expensive to set up
What is the minimum required varietal for a wine to be labelled as such in OR?
90%
- AVA: 95%
- Vineyard: 95%
- Vintage: 85%/95%**
**The TTB requires a minimum 85% of the stated vintage for wines labeled by state or county, and a minimum 95% for wines labeled with an AVA.
Variety: California & Washinton 75%, Federally also 75%
What are the name of the floods that helped contribute to OR’s soil structure?
The Missoula Floods
What is the most densely planted Oregon AVA, it features Jory series soils, name 2 producers
Dundee Hills AVA, 6490 acres
- Producers: Original Eyrie Vineyard, Sokol Blosser, Dom Drouhin, Dom Serene
- Famed Vineyards: Maresh, Abbey Ridge, Thomas
- delicate perfumed wines
What AVA does the Van Duzer Corridor most effect?
McMinnville AVA
- WInes are denser, more tannic, deeper and darker fruit
- greatest diurnal shift in WV, no defining geology
The southern most AVA in Willamette Valley
Eola-Amity Hills AVA
- rugged tannic structure, deep color, pronounced acidity, the Van Duzer Corridor influences this area (not as much as McMinnville)
What AVA is located inside the Rogue Valley AVA
Applegate Valley AVA
The ______ AVA debuted in 2004 to arm it’s various growing regions with a cohesive identity, established after the Umpqua Valley (1984) and Rogue Valley (1991)
Southern Oregon AVA
Match the AVA’s to their Valley
Applegate, Elkton Oregon, Red Hill Douglas
- Applegate - Rogue Valley
- Elkton Oregon, Red Hill Douglas - Umpqua Valley
What 3 AVA’s are shared with Washington
Columbia Gorge, Columbia Valley, Walla Walla Valley
What Walla Walla Valley AVA is Cayuse located
The Rocks of Milton-Freewater
True or False
Chaptalization is illegal in Oregon as it is in California
False, it’s need at times
Match the cuvées listed to their respective producers.
Evesham Wood, Domaine Drouhin, Beaux Freres, Bergstrom
A. Cuvée Arthur
B. Cuvée J
C. Upper Terrace
D. Sigrid
A. Cuvée Arthur - Domaine Drouhin
B. Cuvée J - Evesham Wood
C. Upper Terrace - Beaux Freres
D. Sigrid - Bergstrom
Lewis-Clark AVA is between what 2 states
Washington and Idaho
Snake River AVA is between what 2 states
Oregon and Idaho
Eagle Foothills (2015) is this states first AVA located entirely in this state.
Idaho
These AVA’s are in what state: Fennville 1981, Leelanau Peninsula 1982, Old Mission Peninsula 1987, Tip of the Mitt 2016
Michigan - Lake Michigan Shore 1983 is an AVA also
The _________ AVA, spanning nearly 30,000 square miles in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois, became America’s—and the world’s—largest demarcated appellation with its formal approval in 2009.
Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA
True or False
New York produces more wine than Oregon
True, NY is 3rd largest, Oregon is 4th
Where is Grand Valley AVA (1991)
Colorado
Nearly 75% of Colorado’s wineries are located here in high-altitude vineyards of about 1,433 m.
What is the first AVA in the USA and where is it located
Augusta AVA (1980), Missouri
What minimum percentage of Catawba grapes must go into a bottle of New York Catawba?
A.51%
B.75%
C.85%
D.90%
A. 51%
True or False
Mexico was the first country producing wine in the Americas
True
- In 1521, Hernán Cortés defeated the Aztec Empire, claiming it for Spain. One of his early orders from the King of Spain was to plant 1,000 vines for each native slave in the new territory. Later it was banned due to imports.
- Mexico does not have any type of government regulation for viticulture or viniculture.
Where are most of the wineries in Mexico
Baja California
- Producing 85% of Mexico’s wine across 3,360 planted hectares
- Guadalupe Valley: There are over 140 wineries in Guadalupe Valley, including L.A. Cetto, the largest winery in Mexico.
Where are Bell Mountain AVA (1986) and Escondido Valley (1992)
Texas
- Texas AVA’s:
Bell Mountain 1986
Escondido Valley 1992
Fredericksburg in the Texas Hill Country 1988
Mesilla Valley (shared with New Mexico) 1985
Texas Davis Mountains 1998
Texas High Plains 1993
Texas Hill Country 1991
Texoma 2005
The Zonin family of Italy owns vineyards in what state, What’s the winery
Virginia, Barboursville Vineyards
- Virginia AVA’s:
Appalachian High Country (shared with North Carolina and Tennessee) 2016
Middleburg Virginia 2012
Monticello 1984
North Fork of Roanoke 1983
Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace 1987
Rocky Knob 1983
Shenandoah Valley (shared with West Virginia) 1982
Virginia’s Eastern Shore 1991
Niagara Peninsula, Lake Erie North Shore, and Prince Edward County are the 3 viticultural areas of ____.
What is the most important area
Ontario, Canada
Niagara Peninsula, 13,500 of Ontario’s 16,000 acres
What is the only hybrid grape allowed for Ice Wine production
Icewine must be produced from Vitis vinifera varieties or Vidal Blanc (only hybrid allowed)
Grapes used for icewine must be naturally frozen on the vine, and harvested while temperatures are no higher than -8° C/17.6F
Ontario Icewine has a minimum residual sugar level of 100 g/l.
What valley produces over 80% of British Columbia wines
Okanagan Valley
Gold Mile Bench GI sub-region
Fraser Valley, Vancouver Island, Similkameen Valley other areas of production
What larger AVA are the Cayuga and Seneca AVAs located within?
Finger Lakes AVA
What Walla Walla organization, established in 2004, promotes sustainability and organic viticultural practices
Vinea
What was the first official AVA of Washington? What Year?
Yakima Valley, 1983
Which AVA in Washington is defined by elevation?
Snipes Mountain AVA - min 750 ft on the South Slope, 820 ft. on the north Slope
- WA oldest vinifera vine (1917) Muscat of Alexandria
Col Solare Is a collaboration on Red Mountain between which two producers?
Antinori (Tuscany) and Chateau Ste. Michelle (Washington) - innagural Vintage: 1995
What is the largest AVA in Washington state?
Columbia Valley AVA, emcompassing 11 million acres of land.
What are the only two AVA’s in Washington that does not fall within the larger Coumbia Valley region?
Columbia Gorge and Puget Sound AVA’s
What grape is the most planted in Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA?
Riesling most planted variety (white varieties account for 80% of AVA’s vines)
- Milbrandt Vineyards is the largest operation and farms almost half of the acreage
What is Washington’s warmest, smallest and most densely planted AVA?
Red mountain AVA ( the name Red derives from the hue of Cheatgrass in Spring there)
- Yakima River helps moderate heat
Loess is commonly found in which of the following AVAs?
A. Walla Walla Valley
B. Puget Sound
C. Willamette Valley
D. Lake Chelan
A. Walla Walla Valley
- Loess is a silt-sized particle, and silt loams are textured with high percentages of both silt and sand
Who is Walter Clore
- “Father of Washington Wine,” spearheaded efforts in Washington to prove that vinifera grapevines could withstand the harsh Washington winters
- Andre Tchelistcheff contributed and consulted in Washington also
True or False
Phylloxera has never been a major issue in Washington State
True
Phylloxera is virtually unknown in the state, kept at bay by the severe winters, inhospitable sandy soils, and the great physical distances from one vineyard to the next
What is the importance of viticulture practices like dual-trunk training and buried canes in Washington
- Dual-trunk training and buried canes both mitigate losses against frost and can potentially give growers uninterrupted harvests.
- Dual-trunk training growers train two separate trunks on the same vine in parallel, just an inch or two apart, from the ground up, statistically only one gets damaged
- bury fruiting canes over winter in the soil. If the canopy dies over winter, the grower can pull the fruiting cane up from under the soil and still get a crop the following year. This technique is typically employed with low-trained cordon vines.
Where is Washington in the USA for production
2nd behind California
75% of the Nations Hops are grown in the boundaries of Washington’s __________ AVA
Yakima Valley AVA
Which Vineyard was planted with the first Cabernet Sauvignon Vines in Washington? What Year
Boushey Vineyard, Yakima Valley, 1957
Dick Boushey was a revered viticulturist
Chateau Ste. michelle partners with Dr Loosen to make______?
Eroica riesling.
Founded in 1977, This Producer is considered the Pioneer of the Walla Walla AVA
Leonetti Wine Cellars - Gary Figgins
Name The Iconic Wineries associated with the Following People:
- Norm Mckibben
- Baker Ferguson
- Alex Golitzen
- Greg Harrington
Grammercy Cellars, Woodward Canyon, L’Ecole No. 41, Quilceda Creek
- Norm Mckibben, Woodward Canyon - Walla Walla
- Baker Ferguson, L’Ecole No. 41 - Walla Walla
- Alex Golitzen, Quilceda Creek - Located in Puget Sound Area
- Greg Harrington, Grammercy Cellars - Walla Walla
Red Willow Vineyard - First planted in 1971, planted the first syrah in Washington in 1986, where is it located
- Yakima Valley
- Olney Springs, Peninsula, The Chapel and Les vignes de Marcoux are the 4 blocks that make up this notable Yakima Valley Vineyard
What Ava’s are located in the Yakima Valley
AVAs: Yakima Valley, Red Mountain, Snipes Mountain, Rattlesnake Hills
Put in order for from lowest to highest for price
1. Cayuse “Bionic Frog” Syrah, Walla Walla - 2012<br></br>2. Grammercy Cellars “John Lewis” Syrah, Walla Walla - 2011<br></br>3. No Girls “La Pacienca Vineyard” Syrah, Walla Walla - 2011<br></br>4. Betz Family “La Côte Rousse” Syrah, Red Mountain - 2011<br></br>5. Cayuse “Cailloux Vineyard” Syrah, Walla Walla - 2012
4,2,3,5,1
- avg. $303
- avg. $74
- avg. $124
- avg. $61
- avg. $136
Select the grape species native to the United States.
A.Vitis vinifera
B.Vitis labrusca
C.Vitis rotundifolia
D. Vitis aestivalis
B.Vitis labrusca
C.Vitis rotundifolia
D. Vitis aestivalis
Vitis Riparia used for grafting, labrusca also
Match the appellation to the mountain range it is located near.
Cascade Mountains, Sierra Nevada Mountains, Rocky Mountains, Vaca Mountains, Appalachian Mountains
A. West Elks
B. Chiles Valley
C. Fairplay
D. Shenandoah Valley
E. Columbia Gorge
A. West Elks - Rocky Mountains
B. Chiles Valley - Vaca Mountains
C. Fairplay - Sierra Nevada Mountains
D. Shenandoah Valley - Appalachian Mountains
E. Columbia Gorge - Cascade Mountains
Tempranillo has been particularly successful in which of the following states?
A.Michigan
B.Virginia
C.New York
D.Texas
D. Texas
What percentage of grapes from a single vineyard bottling must come from the stated vineyard?
A.85%
B.90%
C.95%
D.100%
C.95%
If labeled by country, state, or county: 75%
If labeled by AVA: 85% - 95% Oregon
If labeled with a single vineyard: 95%
- State: California, Washington, and Oregon are exceptions: wines labeled as California or Oregon 100%, whereas wines labeled as Washington must contain at least 95% of grapes grown in the state
- The TTB requires a minimum 85% of the stated vintage for wines labeled by state or county, and a minimum 95% for wines labeled with an AVA.
What percentage of New York’s wines are produced from Vitis vinifera?
A.Less than 10%
B.10-25%
C.25-50%
D.More than 50%
A.Less than 10%
Who founded the AVA system, when was this, and who is responsible for overseeing it now?
Founded in the 1970s by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF)
Today the Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) oversees it and started to in 2002
