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South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

What style of wine is Franschhoek most known for?

A

Sparkling wine

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2
Q

Where are the “Company Gardens” and what is the significance?

A

The “Company Gardens” are in Cape Town, and they are the first vineyards in South Africa. No longer planted to grapes, but visitable.

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3
Q

SA Winery: Lammershoek

A

Swartland, Coastal Region

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4
Q

Which Geographic Unit does most of South African wine production occur in?

A

Western Cape

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5
Q

What are the three wards of Swellendam?

A

Buffeljags, Stormsvlei, Malgas

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6
Q

What geographic feature contributes to the development of botrytis for Nederburg’s Edelkeur?

A

Berg River

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7
Q

What was the first vintage of Klein Constantia’s Vin de Constance?

A

1986

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8
Q

What is the ward of Citrusdal Mountain District? What region does it lie in? What grape is it becoming increasingly known for?

A

Piekenierskloof; Olifants River Region; Grenache

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9
Q

What South African region was created in 2010?

A

Cape South Coast Region

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10
Q

What are the 4 wards of the Overberg district?

A

Klein River, Theewater, Greyton, Elandskloof

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11
Q

In 2010, Swellendam shifted from being a district in the ___________ region to being a district in the __________.

A

Breede River Valley; Cape South Coast

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12
Q

What river flows through Franschhoek?

A

Berg River

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13
Q

SA Winery: De Kraans

A

Calitzdorp, Klein Karoo

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14
Q

Name two districts that the Klein River intersects?

A

Walker Bay and Overberg

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15
Q

The Olifants River Region is best known for what grapes/style of wine?

A

Chenin Blanc & Colombard for bulk wines.

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16
Q

Which districts of the Breede River Valley have no wards?

A

They all have wards now.

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17
Q

SA Winery: Hamilton Russel

A

Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Walker Bay

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18
Q

In what direction do most slopes used for classic Constantia sweet wine production face?

A

North; they ripen fully before raisination begins

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19
Q

Name the 4 wards of Swartland.

A
  • Riebeekberg
  • Riebeeksrivier
  • Malmesbury
  • St. Helena Bay
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20
Q

What are the three unincorporated wards of the Olifants River Region?

A

Spruitdrift, Vrendendal, Bamboes Bay

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21
Q

What estate is Günter Brözel associated with?

A

Nederburg

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22
Q

What major river flows through Paarl?

A

Berg River

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23
Q

What districts of the Coastal Region have no wards?

A
  • Franschhoek Valley

- Tulbagh

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24
Q

SA Winery: Sadie Family

A

Swartland, Coastal Region

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25
Q

Name three white grapes and three red grapes that COULD NOT make up a majority of a “SIP” labeled wine?

A

White — Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Muscat (allowed grapes are Rhône varieties plus Chenin, Semillon, and Palomino - these must make up 90%)
Red — Cabernet, Merlot, Malbec, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, etc. (allowed grapes are Rhône varieties plus Tinta Barocca and Pinotage - these must make up 90%)

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26
Q

What are the 6 unaffiliated wards of Klein Karoo?

A 
Upper Langkloof
Montagu
Outeniqua
Tradouw
Tradouw Highlands 
Cango Valley
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27
Q

SA Winery: Ken Forrester

A

Stellenbosch

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28
Q

What factors play a role in defining districts vs. wards?

A 
Wards = soil, climate & ecological factors (micro-geographic)
Districts = mountains, rivers (macro-geographic)
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29
Q

SA Winery: Bouchard Finlayson

A

Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Walker Bay

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30
Q

What are the five production areas of the Northern Cape?

A

Districts: Douglass, Sutherland-Karoo. Unaffiliated Wards: Hartswater, Central Orange River, Prieska

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31
Q

What is the term “Muscadel” used to describe in South Africa?

A

A fortified wine from Muscat Frontignan (Red or White)

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32
Q

SA Winery: Cavendish

A

Klein Karoo, known for LBV port

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33
Q

What is Distell Tabernacle?

A

A wine library built in the 1970s in Stellenbosch to examine how South African wine evolves as it ages.

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34
Q

What is the “Cape Doctor”?

A

A strong SE wind that blows through the Western Cape in the Spring and Summer, inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temperatures.

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35
Q

St. Francis Bay is the only ward in which Geographic Unit?

A

Eastern Cape

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36
Q

Where is the KWV House of Brandy located?

A

Worcester, Breede River Valley

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37
Q

What three mountain ranges frame Franschhoek?

A

Franschhoek Mountains, Groot Drankenstein Mountains, Wemmershoek

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38
Q

The Paardeberg mountains seperate what two districts?

A

Paarl and Swartland

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39
Q

What does “Klein Karoo” mean?

A

“Little Plateau”

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40
Q

What river intersects Calitzdorp?

A

Gouritsrivier

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41
Q

Put in ascending order, from smallest to largest, the four types of production areas in South Africa.

A

Ward, District, Region, Geographic Unit

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42
Q

What district are Meerlust, Kanonkop, Warwick Estate, Rust en Vrede, and Neil Ellis found within?

A

Stellenbosch

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43
Q

What district in South Africa is the official meeting point of the Atlantic and and Indian Oceans?

A

Cape Agulhas

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44
Q

What South African production area translates to “town of oaks”?

A

Stellenbosch

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45
Q

What soil type is Malmesbury known for? Where is Malmesbury?

A

“Malmesbury Shale” - a ward of Swartland

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46
Q

What is the ward of the Lutzville Valley? What region is it in?

A

Koekenaap; Olifants River Region.

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47
Q

How many estates now occupy Constantia? Name three.

A

8; Groot Constantia, Klein Constantia, Buitenverwachting, Steenberg, Constantia Uitsig, Eagle’s Nest

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48
Q

SA Winery: Diemersdall

A

Durbanville, Cape Town

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49
Q

In what year did Apartheid end, increasing South African exports to international markets?

A

1991

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50
Q

Who makes FMC? What does it stand for?

A

Ken Forrester - “Forrester Meinert Chenin”

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51
Q

What is the hottest district in the Coastal Region?

A

Tulbagh (IV-V)

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52
Q

SA Winery: Kanonkop

A

Simonsberg-Stellenbosch

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53
Q

Which districts do the two wards of Paarl border?

A

Voor-Paardeberg - Swartland

Simonsberg-Paarl - Stellenbosch

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54
Q

SA Winery: De Toren

A

Polkadraai Hills, Stellenbosch

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55
Q

What are the two districts of Klein Karoo?

A

Calitzdorp & Langeberg-Garcia

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56
Q

What two grapes does Hamilton-Russel winery produce?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

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57
Q

What district was part of the Breede River Valley until 2010 when it became part of the new Cape South Coast region?

A

Swellendam

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58
Q

In South Africa, how much of a WO wine hast to be in the bottle to be labeled as that varietal? How much of stated vintage? Area?

A

85%/85%/100%

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59
Q

The Hawequa mountains sit on the border of what three districts?

A

Wellington, Paarl, and Breedekloof

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60
Q

What ward are SA’s highest elevation vineyards located in?

A

Cederberg, an unicorporated ward just east of the Olifants River Region.

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61
Q

Where would you find the unofficial wards of Blaauwklippen River Valley and Somerset West?

A

Stellenbosch

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62
Q

What ward is surrounded by Table Mountain, Tokai Forest, and False Bay?

A

Constantia

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63
Q

Which two South African Geographic Units contain no further production areas?

A

Kwazulu-Natal & Limpopo

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64
Q

What is Lieberstein?

A

A semi-sweet Chenin made by Stellenbosch Farmers Winery (SFW, cooperative); was the first wine of the KWV era to be marketed internationally

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65
Q

What river runs through the Northern Cape?

A

Orange River

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66
Q

Why are most of the vineyards of Cape Agulhas inland?

A

It’s too windy on the coast; the confluence of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans

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67
Q

What two grapes is Darling best known for?

A

Sauvignon Blanc and Shiraz

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68
Q

What are the legal requirements for labelling a wine wine Methode Cap Classique?

A
  • secondary fermentation in bottle
  • 9 months lees
  • 3 bars of pressure
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69
Q

What are the 6 districts of the Cape South Coast Region?

A

Overberg, Elgin, Walker Bay, Cape Agulhas, Swellendam, Plettenberg Bay

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70
Q

SA Winery: Altydgedacht

A

Durbanville, Cape Town

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71
Q

Half of SA’s Semillon is located in what district? What region does it lie within?

A

Worcester, within the Breede River Valley

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72
Q

In what portion of Swartland are most quality vineyards located? Why?

A

In the south — mountains providing elevation, more coastal influences — alleviating the hotness and dryness

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73
Q

SA Winery: Graham Beck

A

Robertson, Breede River Valley

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74
Q

SA Winery: Nederburg

A

Paarl, Coastal Region

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75
Q

On what soil type do the premier sites in Stellenbosch lie?

A

Granite

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76
Q

North to south: Paarl, Stellenbosch, Wellington, Tulbagh, Franschhoek

A

Tulbagh, Wellington, Paarl, Franschhoek, Stellenbosch

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77
Q

What is the difference between a classic Constantia wine and “Muscadel”?

A

Muscadel is fortified, Constantia is not

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78
Q

SA Winery: Lanzerac

A

Jonkershoek Valley, Stellenbosch

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79
Q

SA Winery: Boplaas

A

Calitzdorp, Klein Karoo

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80
Q

What ward of Walker Bay is named “Heaven on Earth”?

A

Hemel-en-Aarde

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81
Q

SA Winery: KWV

A

Paarl, Coastal Region

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82
Q

What varieties is the Cape Agulhas district known for?

A

SB, Semillon & Shiraz

83
Q

Name four districts that the Breede River flows through?

A

Breedekloof, Worcester, Robertson, and Swellendam

84
Q

What ward is often referred to as “the red wine bowl” of South Africa?

A

Simonsberg-Stellenbosch

85
Q

What is Hanepoot?

A

Muscat of Alexandria

86
Q

What are the three districts of the Olifants River Region?

A

Lutzville Valley, Citrusdal Mountain, Citrusdal Valley

87
Q

What two districts are separated by the Riversonderend Mountains?

A

Robertson and Overberg

88
Q

What grape varieties is Overberg district known for?

A

Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling. Chardonnay is the most planted grape.

89
Q

Which two districts of the Cape South Coast Region have no wards?

A

Elgin & Plettenberg Bay

90
Q

What river is Boberg named for?

A

The Berg River

91
Q

In what region would you find the Duivenhoks river?

A

Cape South Coast

92
Q

Where would you find the wards Slanghoek and Goudini?

A

Breedekloof

93
Q

When was the first Nederburg wine auction held?

A

1975

94
Q

What are the most prominent grapes of Klein Karoo?

A

Muscat & Tinta Barroca (for fortified, sweet wine)

95
Q

What is the coolest wine producing region in South Africa?

A

Cape Agulhas

96
Q

What is the southernmost district in the Western Cape?

A

Cape Agulhas

97
Q

What are the leading red and white varietals in Stellenbosch?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon & Sauvignon Blanc

98
Q

What region is Swartland on the winkler scale? Paarl?

A

Both Region IV.

99
Q

In what year was the quota system abolished in South Africa? What winemaker was instrumental in its removal?

A

1992; Tim Hamilton-Russel

100
Q

What two districts were combined in 2017 to become the Cape Town district?

A

Cape Point and Tygerberg

101
Q

Name three producers of MCC.

A

Boschendal (Franschhoek), Graham Beck (Robertson), Steenburg (Constantia)

102
Q

What is the minimum RS on a “Noble Late Harvest” wine in South Africa?

A

50 g/L

103
Q

Who was the first director of Viticulture & Enology at the University of Stellenbosch, founded in 1917?

A

Dr. Abraham Perold

104
Q

What district is most associated with the production of fortified wine in South Africa?

A

Calitzdorp

105
Q

Who owns Rooderberg?

A

KWV, one of their most celebrated brands

106
Q

What was the first vintage of Columella?

A

2000

107
Q

What two districts border Tulbagh on the south?

A

Wellington and Breedekloof

108
Q

What is a synonym for Riesling in South Africa?

A

Weisser Riesling

109
Q

What are the defining characteristics in defining a “single vineyard” in South Africa?

A

No more than 6 hectares and a single grape variety

110
Q

Who makes “The Black Lion” Shiraz?

A

De Toren, Stellenbosch (most expensive South African wine!)

111
Q

What grape did Abraham Perold develop in 1925?

A

Pinotage (PN x Cinsault)

112
Q

SA Winery: Raats

A

Stellenbosch

113
Q

Who makes Paul Sauer?

A

Cabernet blend made by Kanonkop

114
Q

SA’s largest cooperative winery, Vredendal, is based in what region?

A

Olifants River Region

115
Q

The historic area of Drakenstein is now what district?

A

Paarl

116
Q

What decade was the worst in South Africa for apartheid-induced international sanctions?

A

The 1980s and early 1990s

117
Q

What two rivers flow through Walker Bay?

A

Bot River and Klein River

118
Q

What events in the 19th century put the South African wine industry into depression?

A
  • Preferential tarries to export to Britain ended in 1825
  • Tastes skewing away from sweet wine
  • Oidium
  • Phylloxera
119
Q

SA Winery: Rust en Vrede

A

Stellenbosch

120
Q

In what year was Constantia first planted?

A

1685 by Simon van der Stel

121
Q

Groenekloof is a ward in which district?

A

Darling

122
Q

What are the four districts of the Cape Town region? When did Cape Town become a region?

A
  • Constantia
  • Hout Bay
  • Durbanville
  • Philadelphia
    2017
123
Q

Until 2010, Franschhoek Valley was a ward of what region? What happened in 2010?

A

Paarl; it became its own district within the Coastal Region.

124
Q

Name four wards of of Robertson. How many are there total?

A

Agterkliphoogte, Bonnievale, Boesmansrivier, Eilandia, Hoopsrivier, Klaasvoogds, Le Chasseur, McGregor, Vinkrivier; 9

125
Q

What is the primary grape of Columella? Palladius?

A

Columella — Syrah

Palladius — Chenin Blanc

126
Q

What is the definition of “kloof”?

A

A deep glen, ravine, or valley

127
Q

SA Winery: Vergelegen

A

Stellenbosch, Coastal Region

128
Q

SA Winery: Boekenhoutskloof

A

Franschhoek

129
Q

What is Cap Classique?

A

Traditional method sparkling wines made in South Africa, usually from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.

130
Q

What is fynbos?

A

A belt of natural scrubland in South Africa (similar to France’s garrigue). Prevalent in Walker Bay.

131
Q

What is the second most planted white grape in South Africa?

A

Chardonnay (after Chenin Blanc)

132
Q

What is the most common style of wine made in Tulbagh? Where is Tulbagh located and what is its status?

A

Cap Classique; It is a district just north of Paarl in the Coastal Region.

133
Q

In what year was the KWV founded? What does it stand for?

A

1918, Kooperative Wijnbouwers Vereniging (Cooperative Winegrowers Association)

134
Q

What district is home to the KWV?

A

Paarl

135
Q

What are the ageing and vintage requirements for a South African “Cape LBV”

A

3 years ageing (2 in oak), and at least 85% single vintage

136
Q

What region lies directly north of Swartland?

A

Olifants River Region

137
Q

What are the most prominent grapes of Swellendam?

A

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Shiraz, Cabernet

138
Q

SA Winery: Bloemendal

A

Durbanville, Cape Town

139
Q

Which two districts are responsible for 25% of SA’s wine and spirits, and 20% of the nation’s acreage?

A

Worcester & Breedekloof (Breede River Valley region)

140
Q

Who makes John X Merriman?

A

Rustenberg in Stellenbosch; Bordeaux Blend

141
Q

What three mountain ranges frame Stellenbosch?

A

Simonsberg, Stellenbosch, & Helderberg

142
Q

Where would you find the wards Mid-Berg River, Bovlei, Blouvlei, Groenberg, and Limietberg?

A

Wellington

143
Q

What is a jerepigo? What grape is most commonly used to produce them?

A

A Jerepigo is the South African term for a VDL, commonly made with Hanepoot (Muscat of Alexandria)

144
Q

What district used to be a ward of Overberg and became its own district in 2012?

A

Elgin

145
Q

SA Winery: De Trafford Sijnn

A

Swellendam

146
Q

What is the Integrated Production of Wine Scheme and where would you find it?

A

Initiated in South Africa in 1988, a voluntary scheme of environmental sustainability.

147
Q

What grape is most prominent for dry wine production in Constantia?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

148
Q

What district was elevated from a ward in 2012? Which district was it formerly a ward of?

A

Wellington; Paarl

149
Q

What are the 3 districts of the Breede River Valley Region?

A

Robertson, Worcester & Breedekloof

150
Q

Durbanville & Philadelphia are wards in which district?

A

Cape Town; the eastern portion that was formerly Tygerberg

151
Q

What is the main soil type of Constantia?

A

Granite with some sandstone

152
Q

What is the soil type of Walker Bay?

A

Bokkeveld shale and Table Mountain sandstone with pockets of granite

153
Q

What grape varieties is the Walker Bay district known for?

A

PN & Chard

154
Q

What grape variety is Robertson known for?

A

Shiraz

155
Q

SA Winery: Rustenberg

A

Simonsberg-Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Coastal Region

156
Q

What two districts of the Coastal Region were formerly wards of Paarl?

A

Wellington and Franschhoek

157
Q

What grape goes by the names Fransdruif and Vaalblaar in South Africa?

A

Palomino

158
Q

What is the most planted red grape in South Africa?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

159
Q

What is the TOT system?

A

A system in South Africa whereby workers were paid with alcohol instead of wages — partly a method of social control. Resulted in alcoholism and fetal alcohol syndrome. Fell away in the 90s after apartheid ended.

160
Q

SA Winery: Paul Cluver

A

Elgin

161
Q

What grape is known as Hermitage in South Africa?

A

Cinsault

162
Q

What district borders Darling on three sides?

A

Swartland

163
Q

What does MCC stand for?

A

Methode Cap Classique

164
Q

What is the name of Groot Constantia’s sweet wine? What was its first vintage?

A

Grand Constance; 2003

165
Q

What was the first vintage of “Edelkeur”? Who makes it? Where? What is the grape?

A

1969; Nederburg; Paarl; Chenin Blanc

166
Q

What ward of the Coastal Region was promoted to a district in 2012?

A

Wellington

167
Q

What is the definition of “natural wine” in South Africa? Until the 1970s, what couldn’t these wines be?

A

Largely refers to unfortified wine, has to be 4.5-16.5% alcohol. Until the 1970s, there was a law that required any wine with more than 20 g/L RS to be fortified. A means of protecting the fortified wine industry.

168
Q

What grapes is Cape Agulhas most known for?

A

Syrah and Sauvignon Blanc, as well as some Pinot Noir

169
Q

Name the eight districts of the Coastal Region.

A

Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Paarl, Tulbagh, Darling, Franschhoek Valley, Swartland, Wellington

170
Q

Boberg is a region only for ________ wines made in which 4 districts?

A

Fortified; Paarl, Franschhoek, Tulbagh & Wellington

171
Q

What winery is credited with making the first Methode Champenoise sparkling wine in South Africa? In what year?

A

Simonsig; 1971

172
Q

What are the 5 wards of Walker Bay? Which are the top areas of production for the district?

A

*Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Sunday’s Glen, Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, *Bot River, Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge

173
Q

SA Winery: Mulderbosch

A

Stellenbosch

174
Q

Name the two wards of Paarl.

A

Simonsberg-Paarl, Voor Paardeberg

175
Q

What are the wards of Stellenbosch?

A

Devon Valley, Jonkershoek Valley, Papegaaiberg, Simonsberg-Stellenbosch, Bottelary, Banghoek, the Polkadraai Hills

176
Q

SA Winery: Warwick Estate

A

Simonsberg-Stellenbosch

177
Q

What mountain range separates Stellenbosch from Overberg and Elgin?

A

Hottentot Holland Mountains

178
Q

Which brings cooler influences to South Africa — the Atlantic or the Indian oceans?

A

The Atlantic is much cooler and brings those influence to South Africa. The Indian can still provide some relief, but is much warmer.

179
Q

Which three districts in the Coastal Region have no wards?

A

Tulbagh, Cape Point, and Wellington

180
Q

Who is the largest producer in Paarl? What style of wine were they first to produce?

A

Nederburg; botrytised dessert wine

181
Q

SA Winery: AA Badenhorst

A

Swartland, Coastal Region

182
Q

In what year was the WO system originated in South Africa?

A

1973

183
Q

What winery is credited with founding modern Swartland? Who is the proprietor and what else does he own?

A

Spice Route, founded in 1997 by Charles Back. Most famous for Fairview (Paarl) and Goats-do-Roam.

184
Q

Name three members of SIP.

A
  • AA Badenhorst
  • David & Nadia
  • Lammershoek
  • Sadie Family Wines
  • Testalonga
185
Q

What is SIP? Name three requirements.

A

Swartland Independent Producers

  • grown, vinified, matured, and bottled in Swartland
  • native yeast
  • no acidification
  • no must concentration
  • European oak, max. 25% new
  • must be bottled in a Burgundy shaped bottle
186
Q

What grape is used to make Constantia and what are its synonyms?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grain (aka Muscat de Frontignan or Muscadel)

187
Q

What geographic features define Klein Karoo?

A

The Swartberg Mountains to the north and the Langeberg Mountains to the south.

188
Q

What was the first European country to settle in South Africa?

A

Netherlands/The Dutch

189
Q

What Winkler Region is Stellenbosch?

A

Region III - IV

190
Q

What is Cape Riesling?

A

Crouchen Blanc

191
Q

Name the 6 Geographic Units of South Africa.

A

Western Cape, Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwazulu-Natal, Limpopo, and (most recently) Free State

192
Q

What is the ward of the Cape Agulhas district?

A

Elim

193
Q

Who makes “Book XVII”? What is it?

A

De Toren Bordeaux Blend

194
Q

SA Winery: Meerlust

A

Stellenbosch

195
Q

What is the only district in the Western Cape without a Region?

A

Ceres Plateau

196
Q

Where would you find the wards Hex River, Nuy, Scherrenheuwel, and Stettyn?

A

Worcester

197
Q

Who makes Cuvée Clive?

A

Graham Beck, MCC only made in select vintages. Some oak fermentation and 60 months on lees.

198
Q

How many regions are there in all of South Africa? What larger Geographic Unit do they lie within? Name them.

A

Six, all in the Western Cape. Coastal Region, Cape South Coast, Breede River Valley, Klein Karoo, Olifants River, Boberg

199
Q

What is responsible for the difference in climate from Robertson and the other regions of the Breede River Valley?

A

A break in the mountains that allows southeasterly breezes from the Indian Ocean to break through as well as higher elevation sites

200
Q

What are the 4 unincorporated wards of the Cape South Coast region?

A

Hebertsdale, Napier, Stillbaai East, Lower Duivenhoks River

201
Q

What teinturier grape is used in Constantia production in South Africa?

A

Pontac

202
Q

What two regions are separated by the Langeberg Mountains?

A

Breede River Valley and Klein Karoo

203
Q

What body of water helps moderate the climate of Constantia?

A

False Bay

MS Flashcards (19 decks)

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