South Africa Flashcards
1
Q
What style of wine is Franschhoek most known for?
A
Sparkling wine
2
Q
Where are the “Company Gardens” and what is the significance?
A
The “Company Gardens” are in Cape Town, and they are the first vineyards in South Africa. No longer planted to grapes, but visitable.
3
Q
SA Winery: Lammershoek
A
Swartland, Coastal Region
4
Q
Which Geographic Unit does most of South African wine production occur in?
A
Western Cape
5
Q
What are the three wards of Swellendam?
A
Buffeljags, Stormsvlei, Malgas
6
Q
What geographic feature contributes to the development of botrytis for Nederburg’s Edelkeur?
A
Berg River
7
Q
What was the first vintage of Klein Constantia’s Vin de Constance?
A
1986
8
Q
What is the ward of Citrusdal Mountain District? What region does it lie in? What grape is it becoming increasingly known for?
A
Piekenierskloof; Olifants River Region; Grenache
9
Q
What South African region was created in 2010?
A
Cape South Coast Region
10
Q
What are the 4 wards of the Overberg district?
A
Klein River, Theewater, Greyton, Elandskloof
11
Q
In 2010, Swellendam shifted from being a district in the ___________ region to being a district in the __________.
A
Breede River Valley; Cape South Coast
12
Q
What river flows through Franschhoek?
A
Berg River
13
Q
SA Winery: De Kraans
A
Calitzdorp, Klein Karoo
14
Q
Name two districts that the Klein River intersects?
A
Walker Bay and Overberg
15
Q
The Olifants River Region is best known for what grapes/style of wine?
A
Chenin Blanc & Colombard for bulk wines.
16
Q
Which districts of the Breede River Valley have no wards?
A
They all have wards now.
17
Q
SA Winery: Hamilton Russel
A
Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Walker Bay
18
Q
In what direction do most slopes used for classic Constantia sweet wine production face?
A
North; they ripen fully before raisination begins
19
Q
Name the 4 wards of Swartland.
A
- Riebeekberg
- Riebeeksrivier
- Malmesbury
- St. Helena Bay
20
Q
What are the three unincorporated wards of the Olifants River Region?
A
Spruitdrift, Vrendendal, Bamboes Bay
21
Q
What estate is Günter Brözel associated with?
A
Nederburg
22
Q
What major river flows through Paarl?
A
Berg River
23
Q
What districts of the Coastal Region have no wards?
A
- Franschhoek Valley
- Tulbagh
24
Q
SA Winery: Sadie Family
A
Swartland, Coastal Region
25
Name three white grapes and three red grapes that COULD NOT make up a majority of a “SIP” labeled wine?
White — Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Muscat (allowed grapes are Rhône varieties plus Chenin, Semillon, and Palomino - these must make up 90%)
Red — Cabernet, Merlot, Malbec, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, etc. (allowed grapes are Rhône varieties plus Tinta Barocca and Pinotage - these must make up 90%)
26
What are the 6 unaffiliated wards of Klein Karoo?
```
Upper Langkloof
Montagu
Outeniqua
Tradouw
Tradouw Highlands
Cango Valley
```
27
SA Winery: Ken Forrester
Stellenbosch
28
What factors play a role in defining districts vs. wards?
```
Wards = soil, climate & ecological factors (micro-geographic)
Districts = mountains, rivers (macro-geographic)
```
29
SA Winery: Bouchard Finlayson
Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Walker Bay
30
What are the five production areas of the Northern Cape?
Districts: Douglass, Sutherland-Karoo. Unaffiliated Wards: Hartswater, Central Orange River, Prieska
31
What is the term “Muscadel” used to describe in South Africa?
A fortified wine from Muscat Frontignan (Red or White)
32
SA Winery: Cavendish
Klein Karoo, known for LBV port
33
What is Distell Tabernacle?
A wine library built in the 1970s in Stellenbosch to examine how South African wine evolves as it ages.
34
What is the "Cape Doctor"?
A strong SE wind that blows through the Western Cape in the Spring and Summer, inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temperatures.
35
St. Francis Bay is the only ward in which Geographic Unit?
Eastern Cape
36
Where is the KWV House of Brandy located?
Worcester, Breede River Valley
37
What three mountain ranges frame Franschhoek?
Franschhoek Mountains, Groot Drankenstein Mountains, Wemmershoek
38
The Paardeberg mountains seperate what two districts?
Paarl and Swartland
39
What does “Klein Karoo” mean?
“Little Plateau”
40
What river intersects Calitzdorp?
Gouritsrivier
41
Put in ascending order, from smallest to largest, the four types of production areas in South Africa.
Ward, District, Region, Geographic Unit
42
What district are Meerlust, Kanonkop, Warwick Estate, Rust en Vrede, and Neil Ellis found within?
Stellenbosch
43
What district in South Africa is the official meeting point of the Atlantic and and Indian Oceans?
Cape Agulhas
44
What South African production area translates to "town of oaks"?
Stellenbosch
45
What soil type is Malmesbury known for? Where is Malmesbury?
“Malmesbury Shale” - a ward of Swartland
46
What is the ward of the Lutzville Valley? What region is it in?
Koekenaap; Olifants River Region.
47
How many estates now occupy Constantia? Name three.
8; Groot Constantia, Klein Constantia, Buitenverwachting, Steenberg, Constantia Uitsig, Eagle’s Nest
48
SA Winery: Diemersdall
Durbanville, Cape Town
49
In what year did Apartheid end, increasing South African exports to international markets?
1991
50
Who makes FMC? What does it stand for?
Ken Forrester - “Forrester Meinert Chenin”
51
What is the hottest district in the Coastal Region?
Tulbagh (IV-V)
52
SA Winery: Kanonkop
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
53
Which districts do the two wards of Paarl border?
Voor-Paardeberg - Swartland
| Simonsberg-Paarl - Stellenbosch
54
SA Winery: De Toren
Polkadraai Hills, Stellenbosch
55
What are the two districts of Klein Karoo?
Calitzdorp & Langeberg-Garcia
56
What two grapes does Hamilton-Russel winery produce?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
57
What district was part of the Breede River Valley until 2010 when it became part of the new Cape South Coast region?
Swellendam
58
In South Africa, how much of a WO wine hast to be in the bottle to be labeled as that varietal? How much of stated vintage? Area?
85%/85%/100%
59
The Hawequa mountains sit on the border of what three districts?
Wellington, Paarl, and Breedekloof
60
What ward are SA's highest elevation vineyards located in?
Cederberg, an unicorporated ward just east of the Olifants River Region.
61
Where would you find the unofficial wards of Blaauwklippen River Valley and Somerset West?
Stellenbosch
62
What ward is surrounded by Table Mountain, Tokai Forest, and False Bay?
Constantia
63
Which two South African Geographic Units contain no further production areas?
Kwazulu-Natal & Limpopo
64
What is Lieberstein?
A semi-sweet Chenin made by Stellenbosch Farmers Winery (SFW, cooperative); was the first wine of the KWV era to be marketed internationally
65
What river runs through the Northern Cape?
Orange River
66
Why are most of the vineyards of Cape Agulhas inland?
It’s too windy on the coast; the confluence of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans
67
What two grapes is Darling best known for?
Sauvignon Blanc and Shiraz
68
What are the legal requirements for labelling a wine wine Methode Cap Classique?
- secondary fermentation in bottle
- 9 months lees
- 3 bars of pressure
69
What are the 6 districts of the Cape South Coast Region?
Overberg, Elgin, Walker Bay, Cape Agulhas, Swellendam, Plettenberg Bay
70
SA Winery: Altydgedacht
Durbanville, Cape Town
71
Half of SA's Semillon is located in what district? What region does it lie within?
Worcester, within the Breede River Valley
72
In what portion of Swartland are most quality vineyards located? Why?
In the south — mountains providing elevation, more coastal influences — alleviating the hotness and dryness
73
SA Winery: Graham Beck
Robertson, Breede River Valley
74
SA Winery: Nederburg
Paarl, Coastal Region
75
On what soil type do the premier sites in Stellenbosch lie?
Granite
76
North to south: Paarl, Stellenbosch, Wellington, Tulbagh, Franschhoek
Tulbagh, Wellington, Paarl, Franschhoek, Stellenbosch
77
What is the difference between a classic Constantia wine and “Muscadel”?
Muscadel is fortified, Constantia is not
78
SA Winery: Lanzerac
Jonkershoek Valley, Stellenbosch
79
SA Winery: Boplaas
Calitzdorp, Klein Karoo
80
What ward of Walker Bay is named "Heaven on Earth"?
Hemel-en-Aarde
81
SA Winery: KWV
Paarl, Coastal Region
82
What varieties is the Cape Agulhas district known for?
SB, Semillon & Shiraz
83
Name four districts that the Breede River flows through?
Breedekloof, Worcester, Robertson, and Swellendam
84
What ward is often referred to as “the red wine bowl” of South Africa?
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
85
What is Hanepoot?
Muscat of Alexandria
86
What are the three districts of the Olifants River Region?
Lutzville Valley, Citrusdal Mountain, Citrusdal Valley
87
What two districts are separated by the Riversonderend Mountains?
Robertson and Overberg
88
What grape varieties is Overberg district known for?
Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling. Chardonnay is the most planted grape.
89
Which two districts of the Cape South Coast Region have no wards?
Elgin & Plettenberg Bay
90
What river is Boberg named for?
The Berg River
91
In what region would you find the Duivenhoks river?
Cape South Coast
92
Where would you find the wards Slanghoek and Goudini?
Breedekloof
93
When was the first Nederburg wine auction held?
1975
94
What are the most prominent grapes of Klein Karoo?
Muscat & Tinta Barroca (for fortified, sweet wine)
95
What is the coolest wine producing region in South Africa?
Cape Agulhas
96
What is the southernmost district in the Western Cape?
Cape Agulhas
97
What are the leading red and white varietals in Stellenbosch?
Cabernet Sauvignon & Sauvignon Blanc
98
What region is Swartland on the winkler scale? Paarl?
Both Region IV.
99
In what year was the quota system abolished in South Africa? What winemaker was instrumental in its removal?
1992; Tim Hamilton-Russel
100
What two districts were combined in 2017 to become the Cape Town district?
Cape Point and Tygerberg
101
Name three producers of MCC.
Boschendal (Franschhoek), Graham Beck (Robertson), Steenburg (Constantia)
102
What is the minimum RS on a “Noble Late Harvest” wine in South Africa?
50 g/L
103
Who was the first director of Viticulture & Enology at the University of Stellenbosch, founded in 1917?
Dr. Abraham Perold
104
What district is most associated with the production of fortified wine in South Africa?
Calitzdorp
105
Who owns Rooderberg?
KWV, one of their most celebrated brands
106
What was the first vintage of Columella?
2000
107
What two districts border Tulbagh on the south?
Wellington and Breedekloof
108
What is a synonym for Riesling in South Africa?
Weisser Riesling
109
What are the defining characteristics in defining a “single vineyard” in South Africa?
No more than 6 hectares and a single grape variety
110
Who makes “The Black Lion” Shiraz?
De Toren, Stellenbosch (most expensive South African wine!)
111
What grape did Abraham Perold develop in 1925?
Pinotage (PN x Cinsault)
112
SA Winery: Raats
Stellenbosch
113
Who makes Paul Sauer?
Cabernet blend made by Kanonkop
114
SA's largest cooperative winery, Vredendal, is based in what region?
Olifants River Region
115
The historic area of Drakenstein is now what district?
Paarl
116
What decade was the worst in South Africa for apartheid-induced international sanctions?
The 1980s and early 1990s
117
What two rivers flow through Walker Bay?
Bot River and Klein River
118
What events in the 19th century put the South African wine industry into depression?
- Preferential tarries to export to Britain ended in 1825
- Tastes skewing away from sweet wine
- Oidium
- Phylloxera
119
SA Winery: Rust en Vrede
Stellenbosch
120
In what year was Constantia first planted?
1685 by Simon van der Stel
121
Groenekloof is a ward in which district?
Darling
122
What are the four districts of the Cape Town region? When did Cape Town become a region?
- Constantia
- Hout Bay
- Durbanville
- Philadelphia
2017
123
Until 2010, Franschhoek Valley was a ward of what region? What happened in 2010?
Paarl; it became its own district within the Coastal Region.
124
Name four wards of of Robertson. How many are there total?
Agterkliphoogte, Bonnievale, Boesmansrivier, Eilandia, Hoopsrivier, Klaasvoogds, Le Chasseur, McGregor, Vinkrivier; 9
125
What is the primary grape of Columella? Palladius?
Columella — Syrah
| Palladius — Chenin Blanc
126
What is the definition of “kloof”?
A deep glen, ravine, or valley
127
SA Winery: Vergelegen
Stellenbosch, Coastal Region
128
SA Winery: Boekenhoutskloof
Franschhoek
129
What is Cap Classique?
Traditional method sparkling wines made in South Africa, usually from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.
130
What is fynbos?
A belt of natural scrubland in South Africa (similar to France’s garrigue). Prevalent in Walker Bay.
131
What is the second most planted white grape in South Africa?
Chardonnay (after Chenin Blanc)
132
What is the most common style of wine made in Tulbagh? Where is Tulbagh located and what is its status?
Cap Classique; It is a district just north of Paarl in the Coastal Region.
133
In what year was the KWV founded? What does it stand for?
1918, Kooperative Wijnbouwers Vereniging (Cooperative Winegrowers Association)
134
What district is home to the KWV?
Paarl
135
What are the ageing and vintage requirements for a South African “Cape LBV”
3 years ageing (2 in oak), and at least 85% single vintage
136
What region lies directly north of Swartland?
Olifants River Region
137
What are the most prominent grapes of Swellendam?
Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Shiraz, Cabernet
138
SA Winery: Bloemendal
Durbanville, Cape Town
139
Which two districts are responsible for 25% of SA's wine and spirits, and 20% of the nation's acreage?
Worcester & Breedekloof (Breede River Valley region)
140
Who makes John X Merriman?
Rustenberg in Stellenbosch; Bordeaux Blend
141
What three mountain ranges frame Stellenbosch?
Simonsberg, Stellenbosch, & Helderberg
142
Where would you find the wards Mid-Berg River, Bovlei, Blouvlei, Groenberg, and Limietberg?
Wellington
143
What is a jerepigo? What grape is most commonly used to produce them?
A Jerepigo is the South African term for a VDL, commonly made with Hanepoot (Muscat of Alexandria)
144
What district used to be a ward of Overberg and became its own district in 2012?
Elgin
145
SA Winery: De Trafford Sijnn
Swellendam
146
What is the Integrated Production of Wine Scheme and where would you find it?
Initiated in South Africa in 1988, a voluntary scheme of environmental sustainability.
147
What grape is most prominent for dry wine production in Constantia?
Sauvignon Blanc
148
What district was elevated from a ward in 2012? Which district was it formerly a ward of?
Wellington; Paarl
149
What are the 3 districts of the Breede River Valley Region?
Robertson, Worcester & Breedekloof
150
Durbanville & Philadelphia are wards in which district?
Cape Town; the eastern portion that was formerly Tygerberg
151
What is the main soil type of Constantia?
Granite with some sandstone
152
What is the soil type of Walker Bay?
Bokkeveld shale and Table Mountain sandstone with pockets of granite
153
What grape varieties is the Walker Bay district known for?
PN & Chard
154
What grape variety is Robertson known for?
Shiraz
155
SA Winery: Rustenberg
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Coastal Region
156
What two districts of the Coastal Region were formerly wards of Paarl?
Wellington and Franschhoek
157
What grape goes by the names Fransdruif and Vaalblaar in South Africa?
Palomino
158
What is the most planted red grape in South Africa?
Cabernet Sauvignon
159
What is the TOT system?
A system in South Africa whereby workers were paid with alcohol instead of wages — partly a method of social control. Resulted in alcoholism and fetal alcohol syndrome. Fell away in the 90s after apartheid ended.
160
SA Winery: Paul Cluver
Elgin
161
What grape is known as Hermitage in South Africa?
Cinsault
162
What district borders Darling on three sides?
Swartland
163
What does MCC stand for?
Methode Cap Classique
164
What is the name of Groot Constantia’s sweet wine? What was its first vintage?
Grand Constance; 2003
165
What was the first vintage of “Edelkeur”? Who makes it? Where? What is the grape?
1969; Nederburg; Paarl; Chenin Blanc
166
What ward of the Coastal Region was promoted to a district in 2012?
Wellington
167
What is the definition of “natural wine” in South Africa? Until the 1970s, what couldn’t these wines be?
Largely refers to unfortified wine, has to be 4.5-16.5% alcohol. Until the 1970s, there was a law that required any wine with more than 20 g/L RS to be fortified. A means of protecting the fortified wine industry.
168
What grapes is Cape Agulhas most known for?
Syrah and Sauvignon Blanc, as well as some Pinot Noir
169
Name the eight districts of the Coastal Region.
Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Paarl, Tulbagh, Darling, Franschhoek Valley, Swartland, Wellington
170
Boberg is a region only for ________ wines made in which 4 districts?
Fortified; Paarl, Franschhoek, Tulbagh & Wellington
171
What winery is credited with making the first Methode Champenoise sparkling wine in South Africa? In what year?
Simonsig; 1971
172
What are the 5 wards of Walker Bay? Which are the top areas of production for the district?
*Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Sunday's Glen, Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, *Bot River, Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge
173
SA Winery: Mulderbosch
Stellenbosch
174
Name the two wards of Paarl.
Simonsberg-Paarl, Voor Paardeberg
175
What are the wards of Stellenbosch?
Devon Valley, Jonkershoek Valley, Papegaaiberg, Simonsberg-Stellenbosch, Bottelary, Banghoek, the Polkadraai Hills
176
SA Winery: Warwick Estate
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
177
What mountain range separates Stellenbosch from Overberg and Elgin?
Hottentot Holland Mountains
178
Which brings cooler influences to South Africa — the Atlantic or the Indian oceans?
The Atlantic is much cooler and brings those influence to South Africa. The Indian can still provide some relief, but is much warmer.
179
Which three districts in the Coastal Region have no wards?
Tulbagh, Cape Point, and Wellington
180
Who is the largest producer in Paarl? What style of wine were they first to produce?
Nederburg; botrytised dessert wine
181
SA Winery: AA Badenhorst
Swartland, Coastal Region
182
In what year was the WO system originated in South Africa?
1973
183
What winery is credited with founding modern Swartland? Who is the proprietor and what else does he own?
Spice Route, founded in 1997 by Charles Back. Most famous for Fairview (Paarl) and Goats-do-Roam.
184
Name three members of SIP.
- AA Badenhorst
- David & Nadia
- Lammershoek
- Sadie Family Wines
- Testalonga
185
What is SIP? Name three requirements.
Swartland Independent Producers
- grown, vinified, matured, and bottled in Swartland
- native yeast
- no acidification
- no must concentration
- European oak, max. 25% new
- must be bottled in a Burgundy shaped bottle
186
What grape is used to make Constantia and what are its synonyms?
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grain (aka Muscat de Frontignan or Muscadel)
187
What geographic features define Klein Karoo?
The Swartberg Mountains to the north and the Langeberg Mountains to the south.
188
What was the first European country to settle in South Africa?
Netherlands/The Dutch
189
What Winkler Region is Stellenbosch?
Region III - IV
190
What is Cape Riesling?
Crouchen Blanc
191
Name the 6 Geographic Units of South Africa.
Western Cape, Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwazulu-Natal, Limpopo, and (most recently) Free State
192
What is the ward of the Cape Agulhas district?
Elim
193
Who makes “Book XVII”? What is it?
De Toren Bordeaux Blend
194
SA Winery: Meerlust
Stellenbosch
195
What is the only district in the Western Cape without a Region?
Ceres Plateau
196
Where would you find the wards Hex River, Nuy, Scherrenheuwel, and Stettyn?
Worcester
197
Who makes Cuvée Clive?
Graham Beck, MCC only made in select vintages. Some oak fermentation and 60 months on lees.
198
How many regions are there in all of South Africa? What larger Geographic Unit do they lie within? Name them.
Six, all in the Western Cape. Coastal Region, Cape South Coast, Breede River Valley, Klein Karoo, Olifants River, Boberg
199
What is responsible for the difference in climate from Robertson and the other regions of the Breede River Valley?
A break in the mountains that allows southeasterly breezes from the Indian Ocean to break through as well as higher elevation sites
200
What are the 4 unincorporated wards of the Cape South Coast region?
Hebertsdale, Napier, Stillbaai East, Lower Duivenhoks River
201
What teinturier grape is used in Constantia production in South Africa?
Pontac
202
What two regions are separated by the Langeberg Mountains?
Breede River Valley and Klein Karoo
203
What body of water helps moderate the climate of Constantia?
False Bay
