Beer, Sake, Spirits & Cocktails Flashcards
1
Q
What is Nama-chozo-shu?
A
A sake that is not pasteurised before aging, and just pasteurised once before bottling
2
Q
Name two things prohibited in the production of base wines in Cognac and Armagnac.
A
No chaptalization and no use of Sulfur — both can add volatile components when distilled.
3
Q
What is the desired fermentation temperature and length for Ginjo-Ka?
A
Cool, slow ferments are most likely to produce Ginjo-Ka
4
Q
What is the most southern AOP of France?
A
Martinique AOP in the French West Indies, for Rhum Agricole
5
Q
What kind of still is used for Cognac production, and how many times is it distilled?
A
Double distilled in a copper Charentais pot still
6
Q
Compare and contrast the flavor differences in a Belgian Dubbel vs. Tripel
A
Higher alcohol in Tripel;
Lighter malts in Tripel;
More hop presences in Tripel
Dubbels tend to be darker, malty, and yeasty
7
Q
Name three rum producers in Martinique.
A
JM, Neisson, Clement, La Favorite
8
Q
Miyagikyo and Yoichi are the two distilleries of this company.
A
Nikka.
9
Q
Name three rums made in Jamaica.
A
Wray & Nephew, Blackwell, Appleton, Myers, Smith & Cross
10
Q
In what century were Martell, Rémy Martin, and Hennessy founded ?
A
18th century (1720-70)
11
Q
What is a Kellerbier/Zwickelbier?
A
Unfiltered and unpasteurized lagers.
12
Q
Name two producers of Flanders Red Ale.
A
Rodenbach, Duchess de Bourgogne
13
Q
Where are Cognac and Armagnac is relation to Bordeaux?
A
Cognac – NE
Armagnac – SE
14
Q
What is the typical alcohol on a Belgian Quad? Name two examples.
A
10+%; Westvleteren 12, Rochefort 10, La Trappe Quadrupel, Unbriou Trois Pistoles and La Terribleq
15
Q
Where does the word “brandy” come from?
A
16th century Dutch settlers in Cognac. Would distill wine to preserve it for the journey back. Brandwijn = burnt wine.
16
Q
What style of beer might be served with himbeer or woodruff, and what are these?
A
Himbeer (raspberry) and Woodruff (Waldmeister) are flavors of syrup often served with Berliner Weisse to cut the sourness.
17
Q
Cocktail: Monkey Gland
A
Gin, Lemon, Orange Juice, Absinthe, Grenadine
18
Q
What is the range of alcohol permitted for Tequila DO?
A
35-55%
19
Q
What distillery makes Jameson?
A
New Midleton
20
Q
What is an American Adjunct Lager?
A
A lager made in America using grain adjuncts (rice and corn): Budweiser, PBR, MGD, etc.
21
Q
What states is Tequila production allowed in?
A
Most is centered in Jalisco, but Gaunajuato, Tamaulipas, Nayarit, and Michoacán also have areas of production.
22
Q
What is IDL?
A
Irish Distillers Limited; a banding together of the few remaining Irish distilleries in the 60s. Was just Bushmills and Middleton for a while, and now just New Middleton.
23
Q
Name three American IPAs.
A
Bells Two Hearted, Dogfish Head 60 Minute, Surly Furious, 3 Floyds Dreadnaught
24
Q
What is the name of the product of the first distillation of Cognac?
A
Brouillis
25
Name three different methods of conditioning beer?
Kräusening
Lagering
Secondary fermentation in barrel
Secondary fermentation in bottle (bottle conditioning)
Cask conditioning (unfiltered, unpasteurized, and serve from cask)
26
What defines a Czech style Pilsner? Name three examples.
Originally from the city of Pilsen in western Czech Republic. Defined by prominent hoppiness from Saaz hops. MUST have 28 IBUs to be called a Czech style Pilsner. Pilsner Urquell, Sierra Nevada Summerfest, Lagunitas Pils.
27
Where is Bacardi Rum made?
Puerto Rico
28
What is the desired soil type for Cognac? What regions of production is this soil prevalent, and what soil type defines the other regions?
Soft chalk, which defines Grande Champagne & Petite Champagne. The other four regions are defined by higher proportions of hard limestone, sand, and clay.
29
Put the following in order from first to last in the production of beer: Hopping, Roasting, Fermentation, Boiling, Malting, Mashing.
Malting, Roasting, Mashing, Hopping, Boiling, Fermenting
30
Cocktail: Stinger
Brandy & white creme de menthe
31
What strains of agave are typically used for Mezcal production?
Maguey (agave americana) or Espadin (agave angustifolia)
32
What gravity is a barleywine brewed at?
As high as 1.12 -- 8-12% alcohol
33
What two yeasts are most commonly associated with lambic fermentation?
Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Brettanomyes lambicus
34
What are the 5 active Lowlands distilleries?
Auchentoshan, Glenkinchie, Bladnoch, Annandale, and Ailsa Bay
35
```
Name the active distilleries on the following islands:
A) Orkney
B) Isle of Skye
C) Mull
D) Arran
E) Jura
F) Isle of Lewis
```
```
A) Highland Park & Scapa
B) Talisker
C) Tobermory
D) Arran
E) Jura
F) Abhainn Dearg
```
36
What is Bacanora DO?
An appellation for agave angustofolia distillation in the Sonora state of Mexico. Not an internationally recognised DO, falls under Mezcal DO internationally.
37
Cocktail: Gibson
Gin martini with an onion garnish
38
What is a synonym for Folle Blanche?
Picpoul, Gros Plant
39
Cocktail: Widow's Kiss
Applejack/Calvados, Yellow Chartreuse, bitters (some recipes call for Benedictine)
40
What is peat? Why is it so common in parts of Scotland?
Peat bogs are semi-carbonized vegetation that forms in wetland conditions where flooding obstructs the flow of oxygen (poor drainage), slowing rates of decomposition. Trees normally do not survive in such environments. This is common in the northern highlands and the isles of Scotland.
41
What is a California Common/Steam Beer?
A lager brewed at higher temperatures more quickly. Anchor "Steam" beer epitomizes this style.
42
What is the boiling point of Ethanol?
78.4°C (173°F)
43
How are Eisbocks made? Name one producer.
Eisbocks are made by freezing off a portion of the water of a bock and removing it from the beer. The result is a bigger body, flavor, and alcohol content. Schneider Aventinus Eisbock.
44
What are the three category designations for Mezcal? What processes do they lay out guidelines for?
Mezcal, Mezcal Artesenal, and Mezcal Ancestral; they lay out practices for cooking, milling, fermentation, and distillation
45
What is a Mars beer?
A weaker beer made from the second running of a lambic brewing. No longer commercially produced. In the 1990s, Boon's made one called Lembeek's 2%, but it's been discontinued.
46
What were the original states of production for the Mezcal DO. Since 2003, what other states have been added?
Oaxaca, Guerrero, Durango, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas; in 2003, 7 towns in the Tamaulipas state; in 2012, several towns in Michoacán state; in 2015, San Luis de Paz in Guanajuato state; multiple towns pending in the Puebla state
47
What is a tokkuri? Ochoko? Sakazuki?
A tokkuri is a ceramic, narrow-necked flask that sake is traditionally decanted into. Ochoko are the small cylindrical vessels that sake is traditionally poured into, or the more ceremonial sakazuki cups.
48
What is a Witbier?
Witbier is Belgian's answer to Hefeweizen. Often flavored with coriander and orange peel.
49
What does “Oud” on a bottle of gueuze indicate?
More sour style; the traditional style is unsweetened
50
Compare the methods of distillation for Armagnac and Coganc and the resultant flavor profile of the spirits.
Cognac -- double distilled in a copper Charentais pot still
Armagnac -- single distilled in a copper continuous still.
Armagnac emerges more flavorful, less pure, and less alcoholic.
51
What is a hopback, in beer production?
A hopback is a chamber between the kettle where wort is boiled and the wort chiller. It essentially uses whole hops as a sieve/filter to clear debris/trub and also increases hop aroma. It is not as effective as a whirlpool at removing debris from hop pellets -- much more effective at removing whole hop leaves.
52
What are the main differences between Japanese whisky and Scotch whisky.
- Japanese whisky is vertically integrated; instead of distilleries being independent and blenders buying components, in Japan, companies own both the brand and the distilleries
- clarified wort gives absence of cereal notes.
- Japanese oak employed (as well as ex-sherry, bourbon, new, etc)
53
Where is Zacapa Rum made?
Guatemala
54
What caused Irish whiskey production to shrink considerably between 1850 and 1930?
- independence: cut off from the British empire
- prohibition in the US
- isolationist policy with high domestic taxes and export ban
55
What is the average ABV of a Belgian Dubbel? Name two.
6.5-8%; St. Bernardus Prior 8, Westmalle Dubbel, Ommegang Abbey Ale, Chimay Red
56
Name the two rivers that enclose the Armagnac region. Name two rivers that flow through it.
Adour and Garonne; Gers, Baise, Midouze, Douze
57
In beer production, what is sparging?
Sprinkling extra water on grains to extract additional sugars. Done as part of the mashing process.
58
What is Rosebank?
Silent distillery in the Lowlands, closed 1993
59
What town is most Mezcal production centered around?
Oaxaca
60
What is the defining difference between a East Coast IPA and a West Coast IPA?
East Coast — maltier
| West Coast — hoppier
61
Name the six regions of production of Cognac, in descending order of quality.
```
Grande Champagne
Petite Champagne
Borderies
Fins Bois
Bons Bois
Bois Ordinaires (Bois à Terroirs)
```
62
What is the synonym for Ugni Blanc in Cognac?
St. Émilion
63
What does the age statement refer to on a bottle of Rum?
If the bottle is being imported to the US, it must refer to the youngest rum in the blend. Producers get around this, however, by using numbers as “fantasy names” rather than an actual age statement.
If the bottle is being sold in the EU or elsewhere, the age can refer to the oldest rum in the blend.
64
Where does Bourbon take its name from?
“Bourbon” was one of the first counties founded after the American revolution, named after the French Royal family. Within “Old Bourbon” was the principal port on the Ohio River in Maysville, KY from which whiskey was shipped. “Old Bourbon” would be stencilled on the barrels and soon associated with the style of whiskey made in KY.
65
Why are sake grains milled before fermentation?
To remove the less desirable, protein-rich outer husk and leave a higher percentage of the starchy heart of the grain.
66
Name five distilleries in the Highlands (not islands).
Glenmorangie, Dalmore, Deanston, Dalwhinnie, Oban,
67
What is the benefit of having a lower ABV wine used for distillation?
It means a higher degree of concentration when distilled to a finite proof.
68
Define cogener.
Cogeners are volatile molecules such as esters, other alcohols, and adelhydes. Can contribute to the flavor (or off-flavors) of a distillate.
69
What is Burtonisation?
Burtonisation is adding sulphate, often in the form of gypsum, to the water used for brewing beer, to bring out the flavor of hops. Name for the good water source of the Burton, UK breweries, on the river Trent.
Burton on Trent, Empire Pale Ale.
70
Cocktail: Antibes
Gin, Benedictine, Grapefruit
71
Describe the difference between lager and ale fermentations.
Lager -- bottom fermenting yeast, lower temperature, longer fermentation
Ale -- top fermenting yeast, higher temperature, shorter fermentation
72
Where are you more likely to find vintage bottlings -- Cognac or Armagnac?
Armagnac
73
Cocktail: Boston Cocktail
Gin, Apricot Brandy, lemon juice, grenadine
74
What did the Irish Whiskey Act of 1980 stipulate?
- must be distilled + aged in Ireland
- must come off the still at less than 94.8% ABV
- aged for at least 3 years in casks not exceeding 700 liters
75
What is the difference between kimoto, yamahai, and sokujo moto sake?
Kimoto — Original method of pole ramming to mash rice and koji to create shubo. No lactic acid added.
Yamahai — “the cessation of pole ramming (yama oroshi)” - no lactic acid added, which is its defining feature today. Discovered in 1909.
Sokujo Moto — “Fast developing moto” — how most sake is made today. It was discovered in 1911 that adding lactic acid would speed up the process of creating the shubo, as well as prevent wild yeast and unwanted bacteria.
76
What is a Faro beer?
A mixture of lambic and other lighter brewed beer that is sweetened with Belgian candy sugar/rock candy
77
What are the aging designations for Brandy de Jerez?
Solera -- average of 1 year
Solera Reserva -- average of 3 years
Solera Gran Reserva -- average of 10 years
78
Who owns Yamazaki?
Beam Suntory
79
```
Define the following styles of beer:
Bierre de Garde
California Common
Kölsch
Kvass
Rauchbier
```
Bierre de Garde: Flemish & Northern France bottle conditioned beer
California Common: Lager fermented at warmer than normal temps (Anchor Steam)
Kölsch: Ale from Cologne (Germany) fermented at cooler than normal temps
Kvass: Rye based Russian beer usually fermented with fruit juices
Rauchbier: Smoked beer
80
What is a bollet?
A small ceramic cup traditionally used for drinking cider.
81
What is Raicilla?
A type of mezcal made from agave lechuguilla and agave pata de mula. Produced in 7 towns of Jalisco, often associated with Puerta Vallarta. Piñas are cooked in above-ground ovens — not as smokey.
82
What is a schwarzbier? Name two examples.
"Black beer" -- black lager. Sprecher Black Bavarian, Sam Adams Black lager.
83
Ayinger Celebrator, Spaten Optimator, and Bell's Consecrator are all examples of what style of beer?
Doppelbock
84
What does Fine Champagne on a bottle of Cognac denote?
At least 50% Grand Champagne grapes, with the remainder being Petite Champagne
85
What aging designation changed in Cognac in 2018?
XO rose from a minimum of 6 years in cask to 10
86
What, in terms of Mezcal production, is the Punta?
The product of the first distillation.
87
Where is Cruzan rum made?
The US Virgin Islands (St. Croix)
88
Cocktail: Racquet Club Cocktail
Gin, dry vermouth, orange bitters
89
What is the most common grain in Canadian whisky? What is often thought to be?
Corn is the majority grain in most Canadian whisky, though it was come to be associated most with Rye, which it employs in small amounts.
90
Where does the style of beer "Bock" take its name from?
Bock was first brewed in the German town of Einbeck, and many people believe "bock" is a bastardization of that name. "Ein bock" means billy goat, an animal that will often appear on labels of bocks.
91
What is wort?
The sugar-rich liquid that is a product of mashing in beer production (pre-boiling, and pre-fermentation)
92
What are the aging designations for Calvados?
Fine/***/Trois Pommes/VS -- min. 2 years old
Vieux/Reserve -- min. 3 years of age
Vieille Reserve/VO/VSOP -- min. 4 years of age
XO/Tres Vieille Reserve/Tres Vieux/Hors d'Age, Extra/Napoleon -- min. 6 years of age
93
What is “Hi-Ire” in sake production?
Pasteurisation
94
When does pasteurisation typically occur in sake production?
Twice; before ageing (in tank) and just before bottling.
95
What are the authorized additives for Scotch whisky production?
Water and caramel coloring
96
What is a “shubo” in sake production?
The seed mash; a combination of koji, steamed rice, yeast, and water used to get the fermentation started.
97
Define the 5 colours of Johnnie Walker.
Red Label: 80 proof, blended, more basic
Black Label: 80 proof, blended, all whiskies in blend at least 12 years old
Green Label: 86 proof, blended malt of Talisker, Linkwood, Cragganmore & Caol Ila, all aged min. 15 years
Gold Label: Blended malt, 15-18 years old
Blue Label: Aka Max Walker, blended to recreate early blends of the 19th century; grain and malt
98
Name three examples of Witbier.
Blue Moon (CO), Hoegaarden, Allagash White, St. Bernardus Witbier, Hitachino White Ale
99
Name a producer of Altbier.
Uerige "Sticke," Freigest "Hoppeditz"
100
What hops are traditionally used for the American Pale Ale style?
Cascade
101
What style of beer is often flavoured with coriander and orange peel?
Witbier
102
What style of beer is Guinness? What tenants define the style?
Guinness is a Dry Stout (often called "Irish Style" stout, vs. Britain's "sweet" stout). Low gravity with bitterness ranging between 30-45 IBUs. Often served with nitrogen: low carbonation, extra think head, muted flavor and aroma, flatter palate.
103
What is sakekasu?
Sake lees or “sake cake” — the leftover solids from the sake fermentation. Contains 8% alcohol. Can be eaten, used to make shochu, or for pickling vegetables.
104
What is barm?
Yeast foam.
105
What is conditioning in respect to beer?
The final stage of fermentation; after primary fermentation, beer is usually transferred to a second container (may be bottle, cask, or tank) and removed from trub. The main fermentable sugars are gone, but yeast are still active. Can be used to introduce fresh carbon dioxide, clarify the beer,
106
What is “Ginjo-Ka”?
Ginjo-Ka is the desired fruity fragrance achieved in Ginjo and Daiginjo styles of sake.
107
What is the only Gueuzerie in Wallonia?
Tilquin
108
What is a Foreign Stout?
This style began with the beer that would become Guinness's Foreign Extra Stout - brewed with higher alcohol and more hops. Also, 3 Floyd's Black Sun, Lion Stout (Sri Lanka), Allagash Black
109
How are the agave hearts cooked in traditional tequila production?
Pressure cooked in large industrial ovens known as autoclaves, which does not impart any flavor or characteristic to the resulting tequila
110
What is an altbier?
German for “old beer” — specialty of Düsseldorf. Name comes from the fact that it is an ale, an older (and less common) brewing tradition in Germany. Cooler fermentation than most ales.
111
What is a kikichoko?
The traditional vessel used for tasting sake (180 ml white porcelain cup with 2 concentric cobalt blue circles)
112
What are the requirements for distillation and aging for Scotch Whiskey?
All Scotch must be distilled at least twice and aged for a minimum of 3 years.
113
What kind of still/distillation is used for Armagnac?
Single distillation in a continuous copper still.
114
What is a Paradis in Cognac?
Cellars that store the glass bonbonnes of aged Cognac.
115
Name 5 Canadian whisky producers.
Canadian Club, Crown Royal, Pendleton, Pemberton, Canadian Mist, Seagram’s, Highwood
116
What is the minimum age for Straight Bourbon Whiskey.
2 years old
117
What is “machair”?
Beach grass; often used along side peat to dry island malts in Scotland
118
What is the starchy heart of a rice grain known as?
The Shinpaku
119
What are 4 terms on a label of grappa that would lead you to believe it is aged in wood?
Riserva, Stravecchia, Vecchia, or Invecchiata
120
What is a Dortmunder style of beer?
A pale lager made popular in Dortmund, Germany. Great Lakes Dortmunder Gold (Cleveland, OH)
121
What term refers to brewers alcohol being added to a sake? If a ginjo or daiginjo is not labeled any further, does it or does it not have alcohol added?
Honjozo; If just labled ginjo or daiginjo, the sake is honjozo in style. To denote that no additional alcohol as been added, these terms must be preceded by "junmai".
122
What geographic feature are lambic beers most informed by?
Lambics get much of their character form microbes and indigenous yeast of the Zenne river valley, SW of Brussels.
123
What is the English term for Pale Ale?
Bitter; the term “Pale Ale” in England refers to a bottled bitter
124
Where is Matusalem rum made?
Dominican Repulbic
125
What is the term for Tequila that is not 100% blue agave?
Mixto
126
Name one producer each of Calvados AOP, Calvados Domfrontais AOP, and Calvados Pays d’Auge AOP.
Calvados AOP — Dupont
Calvados Domfrontais — Lemorton, Gontier
Pays d’Auge - Roger Groult, Adrien Camut
127
What is Oro/Gold tequila?
Unaged spirit enhanced by caramel coloring or oak extracts.
128
What is a California Common and who pioneered the style?
Lager brewed at higher temps; Anchor’s Steam Beer
129
What is a Helles Lager?
A type of beer native to Munich, Germany. “Helles” indicates a light, pale style (“bright”)
130
Name three legal requirements to label whiskey bourbon.
1. Made in the USA
2. At least 51% corn
3. Aged in new, charred oak barrels
4. Distilled to no more than 160 proof
5. Entered into barrel for ageing at no more than 125 proof
6. Bottled at min. 80 proof
131
What are hops?
The flowers of the hop plant humulus lupulus
132
What percentage of Blue Agave must tequila be to be called tequila?
51%
133
What distillery makes Red Breast?
New Midleton
134
What typically differs in Lowlands distillation?
Lowlands whiskies are traditionally triple distilled rather than double distilled
135
Where is Wray & Nephew rum made?
Jamaica
136
What is an ESB?
Extra Special Bitter. ESB is a brand name owned by Fuller's. Extra Special Bitter is also known as a Premium or Strong bitter and tends to be higher in alcohol (4.8%+) than a typical bitter.
137
Where is Goslings rum made?
Bermuda
138
How does a German style Pilsner differ in style from a Czech style Pilsner.
German is drier and more bitter than a Czech Pilsner. Beck's is the most famous example.
139
Cocktail: Fine & Dandy/Pegu Club
Gin, Orange Curacao, Lime juice
140
Who makes Uigedail and Corryvreckan?
Ardbeg; Uigedail is their entry level, Corryvreckan is aged in French oak.
141
Name three practices that are illegal in the making of base cider for Calvados distillation.
Pasteurisation, Acidification, Chaptalization, and Carbonation
142
Where did the style of Saison originate?
Wallonia, Belgium (southern, French-speaking)
143
What type of still is traditional used for genever?
Pot still
144
At what point are grains typically blended for the production of whisk(e)y?
For Scottish + Canadian whisky, the tradition is to blend finished whiskies.
For Irish + American whiskey, the tradition is to blend grains before fermentation
145
What are three advantages to pouring beer by the bottle instead of on draught?
- More labor to pump/clean lines/glycol system
- More waste -- clearing lines, beginning and end
- Guaranteed quality, will not go stale
146
Name three traditional producers of Hefeweizen.
Ayinger Brau Weisse, Schneider & Sons Weisse, Weihenstephaner Hefeweissbier.
147
What is a biere de garde?
A traditional classification for farmhouse style beers in France. Typically a warm fermented, strong pale ale. It is a "beer for keeping" -- brewed in the winter or spring to avoid unpredictable problems with yeast. Kept until the next summer to drink.
148
What is the definition of a blended whisky in Japan. Name one.
A blend of both malt and grain as well as several different distilleries. Hibiki is probably the most famous. Owned by Suntory.
149
What is a cream ale?
A mild, pale, light-bodied ale made by using a warm fermentation (top or bottom) and cold-lagering or by blending top and bottom fermented beers
150
What is the difference in flavor profile between Highlands and Lowlands tequila?
Highlands — agave grows larger, is harvested later. Makes for a round, fruity tequila
Lowlands — earthy, vegetal, woody
151
Where is Camembert cheese from?
Cow’s milk cheese from the Calvados area
152
Define Kölsch beer. Where is it from? How is it made? Name two producers.
A style of beer native to Cologne, Germany (NOT Bavaria). Top fermented at cooler temps, with some cool-lagering after brewing. It is a PGI defined product. Traditional Cologne brewers include Reissdorf and Hoffbrau, but Victory (PA) and Sierra Nevada (Chico, CA) also make a Kolsch. Prominent hop flavor provided by Spalt, Tettnang, or Halletau hops.
153
What does Hefeweizen mean?
Yeast wheat
154
What is a Maibock/Helles Bock?
A helles lager brewed to bock strength; a lighter and hoppier version of a bock. Ayinger and Hofbrau both make Maibocks.
155
What is a Scotch Ale?
Scotch Ale is the name given to a strong pale ale from Edinburgh in the 19th century. Also called Wee Heavy. Caledonian's is the classic Scottish producer, also Ale Smith (San Diego) and Founder's Backwoods Bastard (Grand Rapids, MI)
156
Name 4 plum eau-de-vies (or ways that plum eau-de-vie is labeled).
Slivovitz, Mirabelle, Quetsch, Prunelle
157
What is keeving?
A process used to make cidré bouché (bottled, corked cider) - underlying principle is to remove nutrients from juice with a day long pre-fermentation maceration (pectin leaches nutrients as it oxidises). This ensures a long, slow fermentation, which finishes and can be bottled while still sweet without any fear of excessive fermentation later.
158
What makes genever unique to gin?
It generally incorporates about 15% "malt wine" -- a distillate of corn, rye, and wheat.
159
Name two traditional Belgian producers of Saison.
Fantome, Saison Dupont
160
If a bottle of American Whiskey says "Straight," how long must it be aged? If a bottle of American Whiskey has no age statement, how long is it aged?
2 yrs; at least 4 yrs
161
What is scratting in cider production?
Grinding down the apples into a pomace to be pressed
162
Name three agave varieties approved for the Mezcal DO.
Agave Angustifolia (Espadin), Agave Esperrima, Agave Weberi, Agave Patatorum, Agave Salmiano, and any additional agave varieties that are not the primary raw product for other DO spirits made in the same state or origin (notably, NOT blue agave/agave tequiliana)
163
Name two producers of Flanders Brown/Ouid Bruin.
Liefman's, Petrus, Hertog Jan
164
Cocktail: Fallen Angel
Gin, with a dash each creme de menthe, lemon juice, and angostura
165
What is “tokutei-meisho”?
Sake of special designation/premium sake
166
What is namazume-shu?
Sake that is pasteurized once before maturation and not again at bottling.
167
Name three producers of Faro beer.
Drei Fontenein, Cantillon, Tilquin, Lindeman's
168
What is Esprit de Cognac AOP?
An appellation in the Cognac region of France for the third distillation from an Alembic Charentais, usually 80-85% ABV. Exclusively used for the production of sparkling wines (i.e. liqueur d’expedition)
169
What style of tokutei-meisho does not have a minimum polishing requirement?
Junmai
170
Cocktail: Parisienne
Gin, Dry Vermouth, Creme de Cassis
171
Where did gin originate?
In Hollands in the 16th century. Dr. Sylvius de Bouve developed it as a medicinal oil.
172
What is a real ale/cask ale?
A beer matured by secondary fermentation in the container it is dispensed from, without filtration, pasteurization, or the used of nitrogen or CO2 when it is dispensed.
173
What is a Mars beer?
A mild lambic produced by reusing the malt from a previous lambic fermentation
174
Name three examples of an IPA.
Bell's Two Hearted (Michigan), Surly Furious (MN), Maine Beeer Lunch, Dogfish Head 60/90/120, 3 Floyds Dreadnaught, Bell's Hopslam
175
Cocktail: Abbey Cocktail
Gin, lillet, orange juice, bitters
176
What is Koshu?
Aged sake; minimum of three years (usually in tank)
177
What is the purpose of boiling in beer production?
The boiling process serves to:
- Terminate enzymatic processes
- Precipitate proteins
- Isomerize hop resins -- extracting bitterness, flavor, and aroma
- Concentrate and sterilize wort
178
What were the contributions of James Crow and Elijah Craig to whiskey production?
James Crow — invented sour mash
| Elijah Craig — said to be the first to age bourbon in charred, new casks
179
Where is 10 Cane Rum made?
Trinidad & Tobago
180
What temperatures do ales and lagers typically ferment at?
Most warm fermentations (ale) take place from 59-68'F, while most cool fermentations (lager) take place from 40-50'F.
181
What region of Scotch production would you find on the Kintyre peninsula?
Campbeltown
182
What temperatures do typical lager and ale ferments happen at?
Lager — 50’ F
| Ale — 60-75’ F
183
What is the difference in flavor profile between Honjozo and Junmai?
Honjozo tends to be drier and lighter due to the addition of alcohol. No difference in final ABV as they are both diluted back.
184
How much of the distillate must be corn for a bottle of American Whiskey to be labeled "Corn Whiskey"?
80%
185
What is a Geuze?
A blend of one year old lambics with 2-3 year old ones. Blend is refermented with aged hops in the bottle.
186
How long does sake usually ferment for?
45 days
187
Compare generally the styles of east coast vs. west coast IPA.
West coast is hoppier, east coast is maltier.
188
What is the new aging designation for Armagnac as of 2009?
XO Premium: over 20 years
189
What are the aging designations for the Mezcal DO.
Joven < 2 months
Reposado = min. 2 months
Anejo = min. 1 year (max barrel size is 200 L compared to Tequila DO's 600 L)
190
How did the use of a worm develop for mezcal bottling?
- Marketing ploy
- Prove its fit to drink (high ABV)
- imparts flavor
(Actually not a worm, but the larva of a moth found on agave plants!)
191
Name three active distilleries in Campbeltown.
Springbank
Glen Gyle
Glen Scotia
192
What is the defining characteristic of a Foreign Stout?
Higher alcohol and extra-hopped version; began with Guinness Foreign Extra Stout
193
What are the permitted additives for tequila production?
Caramel coloring, natural or encino oak extract, sugar-based syrup, glycerin
194
What is bagazo?
Bagazo is the remains of the agave pulp after the piña has been extracted for fermentation (“maguey fiber”). It is used to protect the piñas from the heat source during distillation.
195
How old does Armagnac have to be to be vintage dated?
10 years old
196
What is the benefit of having high acid wine as the distillate for Cognac?
Less bacterial problems
197
What types of stills are permitted for Calvados AOP?
Both a copper continuous still and a copper pot still are allowed.
198
What category of Scotch Whisky accounts for 90% of production? Define the category.
Blended; blend of one or more single malt whiskies with one or more single grain whiskies
199
What is a Cream Ale?
A cream ale is a mild, pale, light-bodied ale made by using a warm fermentation (top or bottom) and cold-lagering, or y blending top and bottom fermented beers. Mikkeler makes one (Copenhagen), as does Ale Smith (San Diego)
200
Who owns Goose Island?
Anheuser-Busch (AB InBev)
201
What are the authorized agave varieties for tequila?
At least 51% blue agave, may contain up to 49% sugars from other sources than agave
202
What is the average proof that a Armagnac comes off the still at, versus Cognac (second distillation)?
52% — Armagnac
58-60% — Cognac
The higher the alcohol of the finished spirit, the more neutral and rectified it will be.
203
What autonomia accounts for 80% of the cider production in Spain?
Asturias
204
Who owns Bushmills?
Jose Cuervo (Diageo from 2005-2014)
205
What temperatures does sake typically ferment at?
8-12’ Celsius, 46-54’ Fahrenheit
206
Name the six regions of Scotch production (counting the Islands as seperate from the Highlands) and three distilleries from each?
1) Highlands -- Oban, Glemorrangie, Dalwhinnie, Dalmore
2) Lowlands -- Auchentoshan, Bladnoch, Glenkinchie
3) Speyside -- Glenlivet, Glenfiddich, Macallan
4) Islay -- Bruichladdich, Bunnahabhain, Bowmore, Laphroaig,Lagavulin, Ardbeg, Kilchoman, Caol Ila
5) Campbeltown - Glen Scotia, Sprinbank, Glengyle
6) Islands -- Talisker, Scapa, Jura, Tobermory, Arran, Highland Park
207
What is “The Third Beer” aka “Daisan Beer”?
“Beer flavoured beverages” — an even lower tax bracket than Happoshu, and contain no malt whatsoever. Basically, a beer-flavoured soft drink with spirits mixed in.
208
Approximately what percentage of the distillate does the "coeur" of a Cognac make up? What parts of the distillate make it into the final brandy?
40%; only the coeur
209
Name three prefectures for sake production.
Nagano, Hyogo, Niigata
210
What is considered the first American barleywine?
Anchor's Old Foghorn
211
Where is Pompero rum made?
Venezuela
212
What is lagering?
Storing beer at near freezing temperatures for 1-6 months while still on yeast. Can clear up various chemicals, acids, and undesirable compounds.
213
What is a gueuze?
A gueuze is made by blending young (1 year old) and old (2-3 years old) lambics, which causes refermentation.
214
What is the minimum number of IBUs present for a beer to be called a Czech Pilsner?
28 IBUs
215
What is the difference between a beer like Budweiser and the style American Pale Lager?
No adjuncts; Sapporo, Kirin, Anchor, Michelob
216
What parts is the second distillation of Cognac divided up into?
Tête (heads)
Coeur (heart)
Second Cuts
Queue (tails)
217
Name three strains of American hops.
Cascade, Citra, Simcoe, Amarillo
218
What does “Cidre Bouché” translate to?
“Bottled Cider” — an original term for cider meant to be consumed rather than distilled. Would be bottled with some RS to referment.
219
Define the following styles of genever: oude, jonge, corenwyn
Oude -- traditional style, with malt-wine
Jonge -- "Young," less malt-wine, more neutral
Corenwyn -- "Corn Wine." is a cask-aged version in which malt comprises at least 51% of the distillate
220
What is the minimum age for bourbon?
There isn’t one! If it’s less than 4 years aged, it must have a age statement of the youngest whiskey in the blend.
221
What prefecture makes the most amount of sake?
Hyogo (Nada region)
222
Name five distilleries in Speyside.
Speyside, Benromach, Benriach, Linkwood, Glenrothes, Macallan, Cragganmore, Glenlivet, Glenfiddich, Mortlach, Balvenie
223
What style do Yuengling and Brooklyn Lager fall under?
American Amber Lager
224
What hop type is the American Pale Ale defined by?
Cascade
225
# Define the following special types of mezcal:
- Tobala
- Cedrón
- Pechuga
- Minero
- De Gusano
- Tobala: type of maguey, harvested wild at high altitudes
- Cedrón: distilled with lemon verbena
- Pechuga: third distillation of minero over fruit and chicken
- Minero: espadin mezcal from Santa Carina Minas
- De Gusano: with worm
226
What is the difference between at Abt ale and a Quad?
Both are ultra strong Abbey ales, 10+% ABV. Very strong and malty with little hops. Abts use darker malts, quads use paler.
227
What styles of beer would you serve in a highball?
Gose, Kolsch, Altbier
228
What is Port Ellen?
A silent distillery on Islay, closed in 1983
229
What defines Munich malt? What beer style is defined by their use?
ALL malt styles are defined by how long and at what temperature they are kilned for. Munich Malts are meant to be much darker than traditional Pilsner malts (upwards of 7’ SRM (Lovibond) versus 1-3’ SRM). This is achieved through the green malt being kilned at progressively higher air temperatures before being held at 212’ F (compared to 185’ F for Pilsner Malt). The longer it’s held at this temperature, the darker it will be. Munich malt = long drying process that finishes at a high temperature. The defining characteristic of the BOCK style is the use of Munich malt.
230
What are the defining features of a Vienna Lager?
Different boiling process; subtle hops, crisp, with some RS
231
What is Happoshu?
A “beer-like” beverage with less than 67% malt content. Lower tax that traditional beer. Because the Japanese definition of beer does not permit for flavouring additions, many foreign beers are considered Happoshu.
232
What are the four largest producers of Cognac and who owns each?
- Hennessy (LVMH)
- Martell (Pernod Ricard)
- Rémy Martin (Rémy Cointreau)
- Courvoisier (Beam Suntory)
233
How is hefeweizen traditionally made?
A native style of Bavaria
- Served unfiltered
- Must be top fermented and at least 50% wheat
- Specialized strains of yeast create banana and clove flavors
234
What two breweries pioneered the American Pale Ale style?
Anchor Liberty Ale (SF, CA) and Sierra Nevada Pale Ale (Chico, CA) in 1975 and 1980, respectively
235
What temperature would you serve Ginjo sake at?
8-10’ Celsius
236
What do the EBC, SPM, and Lovibond systems measure?
Color in beer
237
What defines a Vienna Lager? Name three examples.
Different boiling process, subtle hops, crisp, with some RS.
238
What are the benefits of using copper in a still?
It is malleable, resists corrosion from fire, impervious to acid, and a good conductor of heat. It also fixes fatty acids in wine as well as sulphurous products in the vapours.
239
What is the Reinheitsgebot?
The Bavarian Purity Law of 1516, which codified the three ingredients for beer as barley, hops, and water.
240
In beer production, what is Yorkshire Square?
Yorkshire Square is a two-chamber brewing, where fermentation happens below and yeast is allowed to settle on deck on top. Beer is pumped over and then can easily be removed from yeast. Residual yeast is allowed to continue to ferment, producing extra alcohol and CO2. This method spawned cask conditioning. Still used by some British breweries like Sam Smith, Marston's, Black Sheep, Cameron's, and Theakston.
241
What are the primary grapes of Cognac? Which one makes up the most acreage?
Ugni Blanc (98% of vineyard acreage), Folle Blanche, and Colombard.
242
What alcohol is the "heads" of a distillate mainly comprised of?
Methanol
243
What is considered the most traditonal way of mezcal distillation?
Direct fire on a clay or wooden vessel
244
Cocktail: Honeymoon
Apple Brandy, Benedictine, Orange Curacao, Lemon juice
245
Define the style of beer Gose.
- Unfiltered wheat beer made with 50-60% malted wheat
- Originally from Leipzig, just south of Berlin in eastern Germany
- Sea salt and coriander are added
- Fermented with lactobacillus for sourness
- Gasthaus Leipzinger makes a traditional style
246
Cocktail: Golden Dawn
Gin, Apricot Brandy, Calvados, Orange Juice
247
What is the difference between a Belgian Quad and an Abt beer?
Abts are quads in terms of alcohol, but with darker malts. St Bernardus makes an Abt 12.
248
What is a mash out in beer production?
After mashing (and prior to removing solids/lautering), the mash temperature may be raised to 167-172' F to free up more starch and reduce viscosity.
249
What is a boilermaker?
Half pint of mild ale mixed with a half pint of bitter brown ale. Mild ale originally referred to young, unaged beer, but now refers more to limited hoppiness.
250
What is the product of the first distillation of Calvados called? The second?
Les Petites Eaux; Bonne Chauffe
251
What is brouillis?
The first distillation of Cognac, approximately 28-32% ABV
252
What is muroka sake?
Unfiltered sake, to some extent. Doesn’t have to be cloudy, like nigori. Commonly used now to mean that it is filtered without the use of active charcoal.
253
What is the mold used for sake production known as, and what is its genus name?
Koji-kin; Aspergiullus Oryzae
254
What kind of still is mandated for Martinique AOP and what is the distillate?
Column still; sugarcane juice
255
What is boisé?
Made by boiling chips of oak for as long and as often as is required to make a thick, brown liquid, which can add woodiness to a brandy and increase its apparent age. Employed by many producers in Coganc (legally!).
256
Cocktail: Napoleon Cocktail
Gin, Fernet, Grand Marnier, Dubonnet Blanc
257
How does “terroir” come into play for sake production?
- Rice strains are often particular to different areas
- Hard water vs. soft water
- Brewing traditions
- Local taste preferences/cuisine
258
What is meant by the term “green malt”?
Yet to be kilned malt.
259
Cocktail: Star Cocktail
Calvados, Sweet Vermouth, Simple & Peychaud bitters
260
What is a Wee Heavy?
Another name for a Scotch Ale.
261
What is jozo-alcohol?
The type of alcohol used to fortify honjozo styles of sake - “ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin” — i.e. doesn’t have to be rice.
262
Name the eight active distilleries on Islay?
Bruichladdich, Bunnahabhain, Bowmore, Lagavulin, Laphroaig, Kilchoman, Ardbeg, Caol Ila
263
What does Yamahai mean on a bottle of sake?
a method of brewing where no lactic acid is added to the starter
usually results in a starchier and more savory sake
264
What are the three regions of production for Armagnac, from west to east?
Bas Armagnac, Armagnac-Ténarèze, Haut Armagnac
265
Where did the style of beer Saison originate?
Wallonia, Belgium (French speaking, southern)
266
What is the commonly used bottom fermenting yeast for lager?
Saccharomyces pastorianus
267
What is the step in beer production between malting and mashing, and what purpose does it serve?
Milling: breaks down kernels, exposes enzymes that break down carbohydrates into sugars, separates seeds from husk
268
Name five producers of Armagnac.
Tariquet, Delord, Castarède, Pellehaut, Laubade, Deffau, Darroze
269
How did double distillation historically come about in Cognac?
Double distillation would reduce volume and transportation cost. Dutch settlers would add water back in - to “wine strength” - after their journey.
270
How much of the rice grain is milled away if a sake has a seimai-buai of 70%?
30%; 70% of the rice grain remains
271
Weizenbier and Weissbier are synonyms for what style of beer?
Hefeweizen
272
In beer production, what is double dropping?
It is a brewing method whereby the wort is transferred mid-fermentation to a lower chamber. This separates out the trub, aerates the wort, and diacytel is produced.
273
Name two beers specifically defined by their water source (at least in origin)?
- Pale ale (Burtonisation)
| - Pilsner
274
Where is Mt. Gay rum made?
Barbados
275
What does the term “Production Fermiere” mean and where would you find it?
“Estate bottled” Calvados
276
What is the style of beer Kristallweizen?
Filtered Hefeweizen
277
Cocktail: Horse's Neck
Brandy and ginger ale, with angostura bitters. Garnished with a long, wrapped lemon peel ("horse's neck")
278
What company is the oldest licensed distillery in the US.
Laird’s
279
What is a Märzen/Oktoberfest beer?
Märzen is traditionally brewed in March and cold-stored over the summer months. Consumed in late summer. Historically, all remaining bottles were consumed at Oktoberfest.
280
Cocktail: Prohibition Cocktail
Gin, white wine, orange juice, dash of apricot brandy
281
What is encino oak and for what is it most commonly used?
Encino oak is native to the west coast of Mexico, and traditionally used in the aging of Tequila. Translates to "live oak" -- quercus agrifolia. Much denser, less porous, does not split easily.
282
What is the difference between a Porter and a Stout?
Historically, stout was just a stronger version of a porter. The only main difference that can be agreed upon today is the kind of malt used. Porters use malted barley and stouts use roasted, unmalted barley.
283
Cocktail: Coronation Cocktail
Applejack, Apricot Brandy, Sweet Vermouth, and Dry Vermouth
284
What does mashing accomplish in beer production? What product is the result?
Mashing converts the starches released during malting into sugars that can be fermented; the product is a sugar-rich liquid called the wort.
285
How is the category of Euro-Style Pilsner defined?
A sweeter style of Pilsner, sometimes made with adjuncts. Stella Artois (Belgium), Amstel (Belgium), Heineken (Netherlands)
286
What are the defining differences between a Dubbel and a Tripel?
Alcohol — 6.5-8% versus 8-10%
Malt — Darker versus lighter
Hops — Less versus more
287
What are the defining characteristics of a Hefeweizen? What does the word translate to? Name three examples.
Unfiltered, top fermented, and at least 50% wheat. “Yeast-wheat”. Specialised yeast strains create banana and clove flavors. Ayinger BraüWeiss, Schneider & Sons Weisser, Weihenstephaner Hefeweissbier
288
What are the five active distilleries in Ireland?
Old Bushmills, Cooley, New Midleton, Ech Linville, Tullamore Dew
289
What barrels are traditionally used for Cognac production?
Limousin & Tronçais
290
What are the aging designations for Martinique AOP?
```
Blanc — min. 8 weeks in tank
Ambré — min. 18 months in oak
Vieux/Hors d’Age/VO — min. 3 years in oak
VSOP — min. 4 years in oak
XO — min. 6 years in oak
```
291
Name three Japanese distilleries.
Yamazaki, Hakushu, Miyagikyo (Nikka), Yoichi (Nikka), Mars Shinshu, White Oak
292
What is considered the most superior strain of rice for sake production?
Yamada Nishiki
293
Name three examples of American Pale Ales.
Sierra Nevada (Chico, CA), Anchor Liberty, Three Floyds Alpha King, Half Acre Daisy Cutter
294
```
Name the style of beer that each of these types fall under (ale, lager, lambic):
Stout
Märzen
Dortmunder
Mars
Porter
Munich Helles
Faro
```
```
Stout -- Ale
Märzen -- Lager
Dortmunder -- Lager
Mars -- Lambic
Porter -- Ale
Munich Helles -- Lager
Faro -- Lambic
```
295
What type of oak is Brandy de Jerez aged in?
American oak, usually ex-sherry barrels
296
What is the minimum ABV for vodka as defined by the EU?
37.5%
297
What is malt liquor?
Higher ABV beer with lots of adjuncts (corn, rice). Either more fermentable sugars or specialised enzymes to further breakdown starches create higher ABV (6-9%). Miller Olde English, PBR’s Colt 45.
298
What are the aging designates for tequila?
Blanco < two months
Reposado = min. 2 months
Anejo = min. 1 year
Extra Anejo = min. 3 years
299
What is the maximum percentage of rice grain that may remain after milling in order to be labeled: Junmai, Honjozo, Ginjo, Daiginjo.
Junmai -- Prior to 2004, 70%. Now, if the producer puts the "seimaiburai" on the label (the degree to which rice is polished), it may be more than 70%.
Honjozo -- 70%
Ginjo -- 60%
Daiginjo -- 50%
300
What is the world’s best selling single malt?
Glenfiddich, Speyside
301
What are the aging requirements for Canadian Whisky?
Must be aged for at least 3 years.
302
Who makes Louis XIII? What is it? How much does a bottle retail for?
Rémy Martin; Cognac; 40-100 year old brandies from Grande Champagne; $3500
303
What is a Scrumpy?
A historical style of British cider where apples were collected during windfall. Generally refers to locally made, small production cider made in the West Country style now.
304
What is considered the most traditional way of cooking agave for mezcal production? What are other vessels?
Pit ovens are most traditional, but cement and stainless steel are used now too
305
How long does mashing typically take in beer production?
1-2 hours
306
What is the genus name for Blue Agave?
Agave tequiliana
307
Cocktail: Delmonico
Equal parts Gin, Cognac, Dry Vermouth, Sweet Vermouth, bitters
308
What is a Black IPA? Give two examples of the style.
A roughly defined category -- hoppy and darkly malted IPA with higher alcohol. Stone Sublimely Self-Righteous (Escondido), Mikkeler Hop Breakfast, Hill Farmstead Fear & Trembling (VT)
309
What is koji?
Contrary to its common usage as the mold in sake production, it is the first batch of rice that is steamed with the koji-kin (the mold) that becomes called the koji.
310
Where is Flor de Caña rum made?
Nicaragua
311
What is trub, in beer production?
Undesired solids: Inactive, excess yeast; staling and haze forming protein; hop remnants
312
Name three factors that were responsible for the progression of Campbeltown having 35 distilleries in 1840 to only 1 in 1920.
- 1850s depression
- overproduction leading to drop in quality
- the inability to get rid of waste water
- post WWI fall in demand
- coal pollution
- UK duties rising significantly in 1918
- prohibition and Great Depression in the US
313
How is sake's sweetness usually indicated on the label?
As a number on the Sake Value Meter (nihonshudo). Negative values indicate sweetness, positive indicate dryness.
314
What is a Faro beer traditionally, and what is it in practice today?
Traditionally a Faro is a lambic blended with a lighter, freshly brewed, sweetened beer. Today, usually just a sweetened lambic, pasteurized to prevent refermentation.
315
What distillery makes Connemara whiskey?
Cooley
316
Name two styles of beers that are PGI protected.
Altbier, Berliner Weisse
317
Cocktail: Stone Sour
Apricot Brandy, orange juice, lemon juice, simple
318
What is the name for the product of the second distillation of Cognac?
Bonne Chauffe
319
What is MPF? For what beverage is it employed, and what allows it to happen?
Multiple Parallel Fermentation; when the conversion of starch to sugar and sugar to alcohol occurs simultaneously in the same vessel. This happens in sake and requires the presence of both yeast and mold -- the koji-kin.
320
What is the required ABV for the Mezcal DO?
36-55%
321
What is Futsu-Shu?
Non-premium sake; jozo-alcohol is heavily relied upon, various other ingredients (sugar, amino acids, etc) are allowed, and no polishing minimum
322
What is the purpose of adding lactic acid to a sake fermentation?
Regulate the production of acidity, needed to suppress microbes that spoil sake
323
What are the different aging categories and requirements for tequila?
Blanco/Silver - less than 60 days
Reposado - min. 60 days
Añejo - min. 1 year
Extra Añejo - min. 3 years
324
Where is El Dorado rum made and what makes it unique?
Guyana; it is a demerara rum
325
What are the three appellations of Calvados, and what are the requirements of each?
Calvados AOP -- 2 years aging.
Calvados Domfrontais AOP -- Requires a min. 30% pear and 3 years aging. Always produced by continuous distillation
Calvados Pays d'Auge -- Premier appellation. Limits pear to 30%. 2 years aging.
326
What is an Altbier? Where is it from? What glass is it traditionally served in?
Altbier is German for "old beer" -- it is a specialty of Dusseldörf, Germany (Bavaria). Name comes from the fact that it is an ale, which is an older brewing style (though it is a cooler fermentation than most ales)
327
What Armagnac AOP achieved appellation status in 2005?
Blanche Armagnac AOP, for unaged Armagnac
328
What is a mash tun?
The vessel used for the mashing process; converting starches into sugars in beer production
329
Cocktail: Corpse Reviver #1
Cognac, Calvados/Applejack, Sweet Vermouth
330
What are the three steps of the malting process in beer production?
I. Steeping (usually 40 hours)
II. Germination (spread out on a floor for 5 days)
III. Kilning (drying on a kiln)
331
What does the Plato scale measure?
Gravity in beer
332
What is a Kristallweizen?
Filtered Hefeweizen
333
What is the commonly used top-fermenting yeast for ales.
Saccharomyces cerevisae
334
What is the difference between a Scotch Ale and a Scottish Ale?
Both are stronger pale ales. Many Scottish Ales use peated malt and are darker than Scotch Ales.
335
What is Sotol?
Sotol is a Mexican spirit made from the Dasylirion wheeleri plant (aka “desert spoon” — a succulent rather than an agave plant). Must be at least 51%.
336
What grains are lambic beers made from?
Lambics are typically 60-70% malted barley and 30-40% unmalted wheat.
337
Name the German Trappist brewery that ceased production in 1956.
Mariawald
338
What distillery makes Hazelburn and Longrow bottlings?
Springbank, Campbeltown
339
The 2009 Scotch Whiskey Regulations defined 5 legal categories of Scotch. Name them.
1) Single Malt -- single distillery, all malted barley, pot still
2) Single Grain -- single distillery, unmalted barley, wheat, or corn
3) Blended Malt -- multiple distilleries, all malted barley, pot still (replaced "Vatted" or "Pure Malt")
4) Blended Grain -- 2 or more grain whiskeys, more than one distillery, no single malts included
5) Blended -- malt and grain, multiple distilleries
340
What is the name of the document and agency regulating the Tequila DO?
NOM - Norma Oficial Mexicans (document)
| CRT - Consejo Regulador de Tequila
341
What are fábricas/palenques?
The traditional production houses for mezcal
342
What is a Baltic Porter?
An Imperial Stout from the Baltics, historically bottom fermented at lower temperatures.
343
What is pulque?
Fermented agave; yet to be distilled
344
When is sake typically diluted?
Right before bottling; usually 6-12 months after fermentation.
345
What do the Cognac designations VS, VSOP, and XO mean, in terms of acronyms and aging requirements?
VS (Very Special) - at least 2 years in cask
VSOP (Very Special/Superior Old Pale) - at least 4 years in cask
XO (Extra Old) - at least 10 years in cask (6 years prior to 2018)
346
What kind of stills and grapes are used to make Brandy de Jerez?
Copper stills (alquitaras) from base wines of Palomino or Airén
347
What are the aging designations for Armagnac?
VS: 1-3 years
VSOP/Napoleon: 4-9 years
XO, Hors d'Age: 10-19 years
XO Premium: 20+ years
All age statements refer to the youngest eau-de-vie in the blend.
348
What is a Rauchbier and who makes one?
Smoked beer; Schlenkerla
349
What brewery owns the brand name “ESB”?
Fuller’s
350
What is meertsbier?
The light, freshly brewed, sweetened beer that is combined with lambic to make FARO
351
How many active Trappist breweries are there? Name them.
```
Eleven:
Orval (Belgium)
Chimay (Belgium)
Westvleteren (Belgium)
Rochefort (Belgium)
Westmalle (Belgium)
Achel (Belgium)
Koningshoeven, aka La Trappe (Netherlands)
De Kievit, aka Zundert (Netherlands)
Stift Engelszell (Austria)
Tre Fontane (Rome, Italy)
St. Joseph’s Abbey(Spencer, MA)
```
352
What is the defining characteristic of a Baltic Porter?
Bottom fermented at lower temperatures
353
Where is Benedictine made?
Calvados
354
What are the top three highest selling vodka brands globally?
1. Smirnoff (Diageo, made in US - originally Russian)
2. Absolut (Pernod Ricard, Sweden)
3. Khortytsa (Global Spirits, Ukraine)
355
What percentage of wheat must it contain for a German beer to be labeled Weizen?
50% wheat
356
What is a bright beer?
Unpasteurized beer that has been racked off yeast. A slightly cleaner, "brighter" version of a cask ale.
357
“Pure malt” and “Vatted malt” are former terms for what Scotch whisky designation?
Blended Malt
358
What is the average ABV on a Belgian Tripel? Name two.
8-10%; Tripel Karmeliet, Allagash Tripel, Russian River Damnation, Chimay White, St. Bernardus Tripel, Unibrou Lla Fin du Monde, St. Feuillien Tripel
359
What are the authorized additives to Calvados?
Sugar, caramel, oak chips, water
360
```
Define each type of sake and name a sake produced in that style:
Namazake
Nigori
Taruzake
Jizake
Genshu
```
Namazake -- Unpasteurized sake (Narutotai Nama Genshu Ginjo -- also a Genshu)
Nigori -- Unfiltered sake (Yuki No Bosha Nigori Junmai Ginjo)
Taruzake -- Sake aged in wood barrels (Kamaya Kayuz Taruzake)
Jizake -- Sake from a small kura (Chikurin)
Genshu -- Undiluted sake (Narutotai Nama Genshu Ginjo -- also a Namazake)
361
What is the difference between Hautes-Tiges and Basses-Tiges pruning? In what region would you find these terms used?
Calvados; Haute Tige is “high stem” — branches are a least 1.6m (apple) or 1.8m (pear) off the ground. This is the traditional method and tends to have a lower planting density BUT lower yields. Basse Tige is “low stem” — branches begin lower than 1.6/1.8m off the ground. Higher planting density AND higher yields. Used more by industrialist estates.
362
What is Baco Blanc?
A cross of Folle Blanche x Noah (which is a cross of vitis labrusca and vitis riparia). Bred for disease resistance and phylloxera in Armagnac, and still used heavily to this day.
363
What grains are traditionally used to make Berliner Weisse?
Wheat and barley
364
Where is Kölsch native to? What are its defining characteristics?
Cologne, Germany
- many brewed with wheat malt to create a smoother, sweeter taste
- top fermented at cooler temps with some cold lagering after
365
What two ingredients are commonly added to Wit Bier?
Orange & Coriander
366
```
Name the grains and countries of origin for each of these vodkas:
Stolichnaya
Ikon
Chopin
Belvedere
Grey Goose
Tito's
Absolut
```
```
Stoli -- Wheat & Rye, Russia
Ikon -- Grain, Potato
Chopin -- Potato, Poland
Belvedere -- Rye, Poland
Grey Goose -- Wheat, France (pot-stilled)
Tito's -- Corn, US
Absolut -- Wheat, Sweden
```
367
What is the purpose of a sour mash?
Each new fermentation is conditioned with the spent mash from the previous distillation; the acid introduced controls bacteria and pH balance for yeast to work properly. Consistency among batches.
368
What is the 1823 Excise Act?
A lessening of restrictions and taxes on licensed distilleries in Scotland; ushered in the modern era of Scotch production
369
What is "uisegebeatha"?
The Gaelic word for "water of life" -- where whiskey derives its name
370
What is a Gose?
An unfiltered wheat beer made with 50-60% malted wheat.
- originally from Leipzig
- addition of sea salt and coriander
- fermented with lactobacillus for sourness
371
What are the appropriate serving temperatures for lagers, lighter ales, and heavier styles of beer?
Lagers: 48-52'
Ales: 54-57'
Heavier styles: 60'+
372
How does the EU define brandy?
A distillation of wine (not pomace) of at least 36% ABV
373
Name three producers of Gueuze?
Drei Fontaine, Girardin, Cantillon, Tilquin, Boon, Hanssen's, Lindemans
374
What is suze?
A gentian root liqueur from France
375
What is the required encepagement for orchards in Calvados?
Must contain a minimum 70% bitter (phenolic) varieties and a maximum of 15% acidic varieties
376
What is the number one beer brand in the world.
SNOW — in China!
377
What are the four categories of cider grapes used to make Calvados?
Sweet, bittersweet, bitter, and acidic
378
What is the difference between a porter and a stout?
The only main difference that can be agreed upon is the kind of malt that is used. Porters traditionally use malted barley and stouts use roasted, unmalted barley. Historically, stout was just the strongest version of a porter.
379
What was the Sugar Act of 1764?
It enforced and imposed tax on sugar/molasses imports to the US. Shifted US production away from Rum and toward Whisky and helped ignite the revolution.
380
Cocktail: French Connection
Cognac & Amaretto
381
What are the four styles of whiskey made in Ireland?
- Single Pot Still
- Blends (mixing column and pot still)
- Single Malt (100% malted barley, single distillery, pot still)
- Single Grain (column stilled)
382
What is Burton Union?
A process used to make beer in Burton, UK. It is a recirculating fermentation system, with casks connected by a common trough. It separates the yeast foam from the beer and allows the beer to flow back into cask and continue fermentation.
383
Name three varieties of American Hops.
Cascade, Citra, Simcoe, Amarillo
384
What terms designate progressively higher alcohol styles of British Bitter beers?
Session/Ordinary Bitter — up to 4.1% ABV
Best/Special Bitter — 4.2-4.7% ABV
Premium/Strong Bitter/ESB - 4.8+% ABV
385
What words indicate what we know as “sake” in Japan?
Sake is the word for all alcoholic beverages. What we know as sake is called “Nihon-Shu” or “Sei-Shu” in Japan.
386
What is Kräusening?
A method of conditioning beer in which fermenting wort is added to the finished beer. The active yeast will restart fermentation in the finished beer, and so introduce fresh carbon dioxide. Can be used to bottle condition, too.
387
In general, how do British ciders compare to French?
British tend to be drier and stronger.
388
What is barm, in beer production?
Yeast foam
389
Cocktail: Death in the Gulfstream
Gin, lime juice, sugar, bitters (highball)
390
Name three Barleywines.
Goose Island Bourbon County Barleywine, Lost Abbey Angel's Share (San Marcos, CA), Sam Adams Utopia, Three Floyds Behemoth
391
What are the authorized additives for Martinique AOP?
Sugar, caramel, water, and oak chips.
392
What is the capacity in gallons and ounces of a standard keg (half barrel)? How many 12 oz. and 16 oz. pours do you get out of it?
15.5 gallons/1984 ounces
165 12 oz. pours
124 16 oz. pours
393
Name two beers that are classified as Berliner Weisse.
Professor Fritz Briem, Bell's Oarsman, Dogfish Festina Peche
394
Where is Barbancourt Rum made?
Haiti
395
Does Mezcal have to be 100% agave?
No, up to 20% can be other carbohydrate material
396
What are the aging requirements for Irish whiskey?
Must be aged for at least 3 years.
397
What is “groies”?
Hard red limestone found in Borderies and Fins Bois in Champagne.
398
How does vintage affect sake production?
In years where temps are low and sunlight insufficient, the rice grains are smaller and more soluble, resulting in heavier tasting sake.
In hot years, weaker tasting sake (grains are less soluble)
399
What, in general, makes Scotch Whisky different than Irish Whiskey?
- double vs. triple distillation
- malted barley vs. unmalted barley (a 1725 tax on malted barley by the British drove Ireland to use unmalted)
- no peat
400
What kind of hops define Czech Pilsners?
Saaz
401
What is “kan” sake?
Warm sake.
402
Cocktail: Phoebe Snow
Cognac, Dubonnet Rouge, Absinthe, Ango
403
Cocktail: Earthquake
Equal parts cognac & absinthe
404
How many varieties are permitted for Armagnac production? What are the four most common?
10; Ugni Blanc (55%), Baco Blanc (35%) Colombard (5%), and Folle Blanche (5%)
405
When and how is a whirlpool used in beer production?
At the end of the boil, the hopped wort settles to clarify in a vessel called a whirlpool, where the wort is separated from the hop trub
406
What grains are typically used to make Lambic styles of beer?
60-70% malted barley and 30-40% unmalted wheat
407
How much jozo-alcohol may be added for Ginjo and Daiginjo styles?
Up to 10% of the weight of he polished rice (Honjozo can have up to 25%)
408
In what year was the US Whiskey Rebellion?
1791
409
Name 5 examples of Witbier.
Blue Moon, Hoegaarden, Allagash White, St. Bernardus Witbier, Hitachino White
410
What was the first whisky distillery in Japan, and in what year did it first have commercial production?
Yamazaki, 1924
411
What style of beer is an English Bitter?
It is the English term for Pale Ale (In England, Pale Ale is used to signify a bottled bitter.)
412
What are the two columns of a continuous still called?
The analyzer and the rectifier.
413
What are the desired attributes of a cider for distillation purposes?
Dry, no bubbles, relatively high alcohol (5-6% — for quantity purposes)
414
What is a Helles lager? Where did it originate, and give two examples.
Helles = "bright"; The german answer to the Czech Pilsner (lighter, less bitter) from Munich. Weihenstephaner Original, Hofbrau Original, Victory Helles (PA)
415
What are the original states of production for the Tequila DO?
Jalisco, Nayarit, Guanajuato, Michoacan, Tamaulipas.
416
What is a Boilermaker?
1/2 pint of mild ale mixed with 1/2 pint of bitter brown
417
Name the two primary methods of carbonating beer?
Natural -- either through addition of sugar at bottling, or because primary fermentation has not fully finished
Forced -- injection of CO2
418
Name the beer most associated with each region:
- Dortmund
- Cologne
- Munich
- Leipzig
- Dortmund - Dortmunder (pale lager)
- Cologne - Kölsch
- Munich (Bavaria) - Helles lager
- Leipzig - Gose
419
What enzyme is produced during malting for beer that converts the starch of the grain into fermentable sugars?
Amylase
420
What is Bouhka?
A fig eau-de-vie; the national drink of Tunisia
421
What is a Pink Gin cocktail, and what is the proper gin for it?
Just Gin and Angostura bitters; Plymouth
422
What may be added to Cognac before bottling?
Water, caramel color, sugar, and oak chips (boisé)
423
What is the oldest alcoholic beverage? Second oldest?
Mead; Beer
424
Define Marzen and Oktoberfest beers? Name two examples.
Marzen means March, and refers to a German style of beer brewed in March, cold-stored over the summer, then consumed at the end of the summer. Remaining bottles would traditionally be consumed at Oktoberfest. This makes for a fuller, darker style of lager. Examples include Sam Adams Oktoberfest, Ayinger Oktoberfest, Spaten Oktoberfest, Great Lakes Oktoberfest.
425
What is the difference between maceration and infusion when referring to flavored alcohol?
Maceration -- cold and long
| Infusion -- hot and quick
426
What is the definition of Irish “single pot still” whiskey?
Refers to whiskey made at a single distillery, in a pot still, from a mixed mash of malted + unmalted barley (requires a minimum of 30% of each). Cannot be peated and must be triple distilled.
427
What yeast strain heavily informs the flavor of a Flanders Red Ale?
Lactobacillus
428
What is the name of the organization that regulates Armagnac?
Bureau National Interprofessionel de l'Armagnac (BNIA)
429
What does “the wash” refer to in Scotch production?
The beer-like result of fermenting grains; first distillation is in a still called a wash still.
430
What are the four biggest Japanese beer companies?
Asahi, Kirin, Suntory, and Sapporo
431
What 5 Trappist breweries are not in Belgium? Where are they?
```
Koningshoeven, aka La Trappe (Netherlands)
Zundert (Netherlands)
Stift Engelszell (Austria)
Tre Fontane (Italy)
St. Joseph’s (Massachusetts)
```
432
Name three whiskies made at the New Middleton distillery.
Red Breast, Powers, Jameson, Green Spot, Middleton
433
What is the German name for the Bavarian Purity Law? What year did it come into effect, and what did it stiuplate?
Reinheitsgebot; 1516; it codified the three ingredients for beer as barley, hops, and water.
434
What is a Scotch ale? What is another name for it? What is the difference between at Scotch ale and a Scottish ale?
A strong pale ale originating in Edinburgh; Wee Heavy; a Scotch ale is a pale ale, a Scottish ale is dark, malty and full bodied.
435
What does "Oude" refer to on a bottle of Gueuze?
A traditional, sour style
436
What are the two main cider traditions of the UK?
West Country — huger proportion of cider apples; richer in tannin and sharper in flavor
East Kent — culinary fruit; clearer, more vinous, lighter in body and flavor (Strongbow, Buckthorn)
437
What is kimoto sake?
The original process of pole-ramming rice and koji in order to create the shubo.
438
What is lautering?
The process through which the wort is strained through the bottom of a mash tun after mashing; removing the wort from the solids
439
Where does the name “lambic” come from?
The town of Lembeek, near Halle, Belgium
440
What is the purpose of storing lagers at 30+ days at near freezing point after fermentation?
Preserve them, and allow to dissipate the sulphur components developed during fermentation
441
Cocktail: Savoy Corpse Reviver
Equal parts Brandy, Fernet Branca, and White Creme de Menthe
442
What makes Domfrontais a better place for the planting of pear trees?
Pears have a more profound root system than apples and are able to search out nutrients in deep, dry soil (like that in Domfrontais)
443
What is active charcoal used for in sake production?
A type of fining; used to remove color and flavor compounds
444
What was the first American barley wine?
Anchor’s Old Foghorn
445
```
Name the country of origin for the following beers:
Stella Artois -
Amstel -
Heineken -
Carlsberg
```
Stella Artois - Belgium
Amstel - Netherlands
Heineken - Netherlands
Carlsberg - Denmark
446
Describe the differences in soil types between the sub-AOPs of Armagnac.
Bas Armagnac has silicious-clay soils sand and boulbenes.
Armagnac-Tenareze has clay-limestone and boulbenes.
Haut Armagnac has chalk, clay, and limestone.
447
What percentage of grapes must come from a specific subregion of Cognac to be labeled as such?
100%
448
What kind of still is traditionally used for Calvados? What is the exception?
Traditionally, Calvados is distilled twice in a copper pot still (though continuous stills are allowed for Calvados AOP). Calvados Domfrontais AOP is always produced in a continuous still.
449
What is “Moromi” in sake production?
The “main mash” — the shubo seed mash, plus all the steamed and polished rice, plus water.
450
How does the seimai-buai affect he fermentation process?
The protein, fats, minerals, and vitamins present in the outer layers of the rice speed up fermentation; work agains a Ginjo-Ka
451
What are three advantages of pouring beer on draft instead of by the bottle?
- Generally more cost effective
- Can deliver a fresher product/unpasteurized
- More environmentally friendly/no packaging
- Can serve in any size
452
What is malt liquor?
Malt liquor is usually made from adjuncts (corn, rice) and higher alcohol than typical beer (6-9%). Either more fermentable sugars or specialized enzymes for further breakdown of starches create higher ABV. Miller Olde English, Mad Dog 40/40, PBR's Colt 45
453
How does a bock differ from a classic lager?
Traditionally, bocks are sweeter, stronger, darker, and less hoppy.
454
What is Barack Palinka?
Apricot eau-de-vie from Hungary
455
What are the sweetness designations for cider made in Calvados?
Brut, less than 28 g/l
Demi-Sec, 28-35 g/l
Doux, 35+ g/l
456
Where is Connemara made? What style of whiskey is it?
At the Cooley distillery in Ireland; Peated Single Malt
