Central & Southern Italy Flashcards
1
Q
What is Trebbiano di Lugana?
A
Trebbiano di Soave = Verdicchio
2
Q
What river forms the border between Abruzzo and Marche?
A
Tronto River
3
Q
Name all 5 DOCGs of the Marche
A
Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG Conero Rosso Riserva DOCG Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG Castello di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG Offida DOCG
4
Q
Where is Brindisi DOC and what are the main grapes?
A
Puglia; Chardonnay/Malvasia for whites, Negroamaro for reds
5
Q
What are the aging requirements for Castello di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva and Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva?
A
Min. 18 months before release
6
Q
Who makes “Promis”? What kind of soil is it made on? Cepage?
A
Gaja’s Ca Marcanda estate in Bolgheri; the “terre brune” of his Tuscan vineyard in Bolgheri – dark loam and clay; 55% Merlot/35% Syrah/10% Sangiovese
7
Q
In what year did Chianti become a DOC? DOCG? In what year was Chianti Classico recognized as a separate DOCG?
A
1967; 1984; 1984
8
Q
What are the primary red grapes of Sardinia?
A
Cannonau (genetically related to Grenache) and Carignano
9
Q
Where is Biferno DOC? What are the main grapes?
A
Molise; Trebbiano d’Abruzzo and Montepulciano
10
Q
What DOCG do Fattoria le Terrazze and Luca Lanari make wine in?
A
Conero Riserva DOCG, in the Marche
11
Q
What are the cepage requirements for Vernaccia di San Gimignano?
A
Min. 85% Vernaccia
12
Q
What is “starseta Taurasini”?
A
Another word for the traditional pergola system in Taurasi.
13
Q
What are the best and worst vintages of the 80s for Brunello di Montalcino.
A
Best: 1985, 1988
Worst: 1984, 1989
14
Q
Where does the red grape Casavecchia have its own DOC?
A
Campania; Casavecchia di Pontelatone
15
Q
Who makes Perlato del Bosco Rosso? What is the cepage?
A
Tua Rita; 60% Sangio/40% Cab
16
Q
Who makes “Tignanello” and where? What is the cepage? What was the first vintage?
A
Antinori, Tuscany (80% Sangiovese/20% Cab); 1971
17
Q
Who released the second Super Tuscan ever? When? What was it?
A
Piero Antinori, Tignanello in 1971; 80% Sangiovese/15% Cab/5% Cab Franc
18
Q
What is the minimum alcohol for Chianti, Chianti Riserva, Chianti Classico, Chianti Classico Riserva?
What about Chianti Rufina/Chianti Rufina Riserva?
A
11.5/12/12/12.5%; 12/12.5%
19
Q
What is the primary grape of Carmignano DOCG? Required at what percentage? What other grapes are required/allowed?
A
Sangiovese, min. 50%;
10-20% required Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc
Maximum 20% Canaiolo Nero
Maximum 10% combined Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasia del Chianti, Canaiolo Bianco
Maximum 10% other red grapes authorized in the province of Prato (i.e. Merlot, Syrah)
20
Q
In what year was Chianti Classico first allowed to be 100% Sangiovese? In what year did it become illegal to use white grapes in the blend?
A
1996; 2006
21
Q
Compare the relative altitudes of the great estates of Maremma and Bolgheri vs. Chianti.
A
Bolgheri estates (Sassicaia, Ornellaia, Ca’Marcanda, Guado al Tasso, and Le Macchiole) lie almost near sea level, and grow predominately Bordeaux grapes.
Chianti’s finest Sangiovese growing estates (Castello di Volpaia, Castello di Ama, Collelungo) are at 1300-1650 ft (400-500m) above sea level.
22
Q
What are the cepage requirements of Greco di Tufo DOCG?
A
At least 85% Greco, with the secondary grape being Coda di Volpe
23
Q
Where is the Arbia River? What is it a torrent of?
A
Located in Castellina in SW Chainti; Ombrone River.
24
Q
What year did Maremma become a DOC?
A
2011
25
Which grapes make up the blend of the famed Est!Est!!Est!!! Montefiascone wines?
50-65% Trebbiano Toscano, 25-40% Trebbiano Giallo (Rossetto), 10-20% Malvasia Bianca Lunga and/or Malvasia del Lazio
26
What are the grapes of Vin Santo? What are the aging requirements?
Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia (min. 70% for Chianti, min. 60% for Chianti Classico)
Must be aged in caratelli (chestnut wood, allowing rapid oxidation, capacity ranges from 300-500L -- no larger than 500L for Chianti, no larger than 300L for CC) for 3 years. Consorzio no longer specifies caratelli, just size of barrels.
Riserva (Chianti), 4 years (except in Montepulciano, where it's 5). No Riserva designation for CC.
27
Who makes Paleo Rosso? Where and what is the cepage?
Le Macchiole; Bolgheri; 100% Cab Franc (began as Cabernet Sauvignon based with first vintage in 1989, has been 100% Cab Franc since 2001)
28
What is the grape of Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG?
Nero di Troia/Uva di Troia
29
Where would you find the DOC of Lacrima di Morro d'Alba?
In the Marches, just south of the capital Ancona. This red wine is produced from 100% Lacrima, which produced a light red wine that is red-fruit driven with a little spice and florality.
30
What DOC provides Montalcino producers a means for releasing "Super Tuscan" wines?
Sant'Antimo DOC
31
What are the best vintages of the 21st century for Brunello di Montalcino?
2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012
32
What DOCGs mandate the usage of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and/or Cabernet Franc?
Carmignano (10-20% Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc, combined, required) and Suvereto (Min. 85% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot)
33
What are the unofficial subzones (fraziones) of Brunello di Montalcino?
Castelnuovo dell'Abate, Sant'Angelo in Colle, Torrenieri
34
What is the ideal soil type for Sangiovese?
Limestone-based, with a balance of clay and schist. Some sand is okay, and not too low of a pH (not too acidic).
Galestro, the most prominent soil type of central Tuscany, is a schistous, crumbly rock with clay and marl. Albarese is more calcareous, and found in Tuscany as well as Umbria.
35
What are the two DOCGs for Verdicchio in the Marche?
Castello di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva, Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva
36
Where would you find the red grape Bovale?
Campidano di Terralba/Terralba DOC in Sardegna
37
Where would you find a DOC for the red grape Tintilia?
Molise
38
What do acsiutto or amabile mean, and where are these terms used?
Dry and off-dry, respectively. Used in Southern Italy -- Campania, Bascilicata, etc.
39
What does "liquoroso" mean on a bottle of Vin Santo?
It is fortified
40
Panzano & Lamole are recognized crus of what region?
Greve in Chianti
41
What is the driest region of Tuscany?
Montalcino; it is protected by the rainshadow effect from Monte Amiata
42
What are the two red wine DOCGs of the Marche?
Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG and Conero Rosso Riserva DOCG
43
What two DOCGs are adjacent to Bolgheri?
Suvereto and Val di Cornia Rosso
44
What is the difference in aging vessels used between Valentini and Emidio Pepe?
Valentini - large slavonian botti
| Pepe -- concrete
45
What is the designated elevation for Aglianico del Vulture Superiore?
200-700m.
46
There are 12 "menzioni geografiche" crus that DOC Matelica wines may have on the label. Name three.
Cambrugiano, Colferraio, La Valle, La Monacesca, Mistriano, Sainale, Santa Teresola, Valbona, Vinano, Del Cerro, Fogliano, and San Leopardo.
47
With what wine region is the black cockerel associated?
Chianti Classico
48
What region lies directly south of Abruzzo on the Adriatic coast?
Molise
49
In what region is Costa d'Amalfi a DOC, and what are its subzones? What are the main grapes?
Campania; Furore, Ravello, and Tramonti.
Bianco/Spumante/Passito -- Falanghina and Biancolella
Rosato/Rosso/Passito -- Piedirosso and Aglianico
50
Where is the Passito di Pantelleria DOC and what style of wine is made there?
Pantelleria -- an island off the coast of Tunisia, and technically part of Sicilia. Zibbibo (Moscato) is the grape, made Spumante, Dorato, Liquoroso, Passito, Dolce, and Frizzante.
51
What Tuscan winemaker is the nephew of Tenuta San Guido's Marquis Mario Rocchetta?
Piero Antinori
52
In 1716, Grand Duke Cosimo III of Medici issued a decree with 4 delimited appellations of Tuscany. Name them.
Carmignano, Pomino, Chianti, and Valdarno
53
What is the Mediterranean known as to the west of Italy? To the east?
West -- Tyrrhenian Sea
| East -- Adriatic Sea
54
What is "governo"?
A process permitted in Chianti whereby wine is referemented with the juice of dried grapes to strengthen the wine and initiate malo
55
What are the RS requirements for Cannellino di Frascati?
Min. 35 g/L RS
56
What are the aging requirements for Taurasi DOCG?
3 years total, with at least 1 in wood (Riserva -- 4 years with 18 months in wood)
57
What is the grape of Piglio DOCG?
Cesanese; it is also called Cesanese del Piglio
58
What is the primary red and white grapes of Ciro DOC?
Gaglioppo; Greco Bianco
59
Who makes Vigna del Sorbo? What's the appellation/cepage?
Fontodi; Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG; 10% Cab/90% Sangiovese (since 2010, 100% Sangiovese and Gran Selezione DOCG). First vintage 1985.
60
Where does Slavonian oak come from?
A historic and geographical area of eastern Croatia.
61
When were the subzones of Chianti created? What is the exception, and when was it added?
1932; Montespertoli was added in 1997 -- it used to be part of Colli Fiorentini
62
What are Castello di Rampolla's super Tuscans? Where are they based?
Sammarco & Vigna d'Alceo (both predominately Cab. S.); Greve in Chianti (Conca d'Oro in Panzano)
63
What is invaiatura?
Veraison
64
What Campanian DOCG lies just 40 miles from Bascilicata's Aglianico del Vulture DOCG?
Taurasi
65
What are the DOCGs of Lazio?
Frascati Superiore DOCG, Cannelino di Frascati DOCG (late harvest), and Cesanese del Piglio DOCG
66
What are the cepage/aging requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano? (Rosso and Rosso Riserva)
Min. 70% Sangiovese for both.
Rosso: 2 years (at least 1 in wood)
Riserva: 3 years (at least 6 months in bottle)
67
What are the three varietal wines that can be made in Offida DOCG? Where is Offida located?
Montepulciano, Passerina, and Pecorino; Marche (Montepulciano is considered Offida Rosso DOCG; 85% of each is required).
68
Who makes Case Basse? When was it first released normale/riserva? When was this producer's first vintage making wine?
Soldera; 1990/1995; Soldera's first vintage was 1975 "Rosso Dai Vigneti di Brunello" (Vino da Tavola) -- essentially a precursor to Rosso di Montalcino. In 1977, he released his first Brunello di Montalcino DOC (which became DOCG in 1980), but Case Basse didn't appear on labels until 1990.
69
Where is Cortona a DOC, and what is the main grape?
Tuscany; Syrah
70
What regions of Italy have no DOCGs?
Alto Adige, Trentino, Valle d'Aosta, Liguria, Molise, Calabria
71
What styles of wine are made in the Noto DOC? Where is it? Name one producer.
Styles:
- Moscato di Noto/Spumate/Liquoroso/Passito (100% Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains)
- Rosso/Nero d'Avola - 65%/85% Nero d'Avola
Planeta makes both a red and a white Noto
72
What are the three official sub-zones of Cannonau di Sardegna DOC?
Oliena (Nepente di Oliena), Jerzu and Capo Ferrato
73
Where is the Offida DOCG? What kind of wines are made there? When was it elevated to DOCG status?
Marche; red wines from Montepulciano and varietal whites from Passerina and Pecorino; 2011
74
Where is the Squinzano DOC and what styles of wine are made there?
Puglia; Rosso from Negroamaro and Bianco from Malvasia/Chardonnay, plus varietal wines
75
What does "Vigneti ad alberata" mean on a bottle of wine and where are you likely to see it?
It means the vines are trained in the traditiona "alberata" manner up poplar trees; the Aversa DOC of Campania
76
What are the cepage requirements for Chianti Classico DOCG? How do they differ from Chianti DOCG?
80-100% Sangiovese (other grapes allowed: Canaiolo, Colorino, Cab, Merlot. As of 2006, no white grapes)
Chianti: 70-100% Sangiovese, with max. 10% white grapes, and max. 15% combined Cab/Cab F.
77
Chianti Classico is spread over 9 communes. Name them, and which it covers in their entirety, and which only partially.
In entirety: Greve, Gaiole, Radda, Castellina
| Partially: Castelnuovo Berardegna, Poggibonsi, Barberino Val d'Elsa, Tavarnelle Val di Pesa, San Casciano in Val di Pesa
78
What DOC is Morellino di Scansano DOCG mostly within?
Maremma DOC
79
How do the Aglianico DOCGs of Campania differ from that of Bascilicata in terms of cepage?
Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG in Bascilicata requires 100% Aglianico; Both Taurasi and Aglianico del Taburno DOCGs in Campania only require 85%
80
What is the least mountanous region in all of Italy?
Puglia
81
What type of barrel is Vin Santo traditionally aged in?
Caratelli (chestnut) -- 50-225L
82
What is the current appellation on Vigna del Sorbo?
Since 2010, Chianti Classico Gran Selezione
83
Who makes Messorio? What does it mean and what is the cepage?
Le Macchiole; "the perfect child"; 100% Merlot
84
What city in Umbria was the historical summer retreat for the Papacy? What kind of wine is it famous for? What grape(s) is/are used to make this wine? What percentage of DOC classified Umbrian wine comes from this city/region?
Orvieto is the historical retreat of the Popes and is known for white wine produced from Grechetto and Trebbiano Toscana (along with Verdello, Canaiolo Bianco and others). Orvieto accounts for 70% of Umbria's DOC classified wine
85
What was the first vintage of Paleo Rosso? When did it become 100% Cabernet Franc and what was the cepage before that?
1989/2001/Mostly Cabernet Sauvignon
86
Who makes Solaia? When was the first vintage? What is the cepage?
Antinori; 75% Cab/20% Sangio/5% Cab Franc; 1978
87
What styles of wine can be made in the Greco di Tufo DOCG?
Greco di Tufo and Greco di Tufo Spumante
88
Of the four communes entirely within Chianti Classico, which is least likely to be considered part of the original historic zone?
Greve, which lies further north of the other three, closer to Firenze
89
What are "Super Umbros"? Which of the following producers makes a Super Umbro: Paolo Bea, Arnaldo Caprai, Lungarotti?
Super Umbro is a term that is used to describe the Umbrian version of the Super-Tuscan -- wine made from Bordeaux varietals that have been stealthily invading Umbria. None of these very traditional producers makes (or probably would ever make) a Super-Umbro.
90
In what year did Castello di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva and Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva become DOCGs?
2009
91
What Tuscan estate translates to "The House of Endless Negotiations"?
Ca'Marcanda
92
Put the three DOCGs for Aglianico from north to south.
Aglianico del Taburno
Taurasi
Aglianico del Vulture Superiore
93
What two seas border Maremma? What village is it near?
Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas; Magliano
94
Who makes Pian del Ciampolo? What's the cepage?
Montevertine; Sangiovese/Canaiolo/Colorino
95
What are the cepage requirements for Chianti DOCG? What subzone has an exception?
70-100% Sangiovese (Colli Senesi must be 75%); no more than 15% Cab/Cab Franc combined; white grapes allowed up to 10%
96
What are the cepage requirements of Suvereto DOCG Rosso? What can be made varietally?
Rosso = min. 85% Cab/Merlot
| Cab, Merlot, and Sangiovese can be made varietally = min. 85%
97
What is the soil type of Brunello di Montalcino?
Clay & marine sediments at lower elevations
| Galestro at higher
98
Which subzones of Chianti require additional aging for Riserva? Normale?
Normale Chianti cannot be released until 3/1, the year after harvest. Montespertoli cannot be released until 6/1. Rufina and Colli Fiorentini cannot be released until 9/1.
Riserva Chianti requires 2 years aging from 1/1 of the year following harvest. Colli Fiorentini and Rufina require at least 6 months of that to be in oak. Colli Senesi requires 8 months in oak, 4 in bottle.
99
Where would you be most likely to find the Nuragus grape? White or red?
Southern Sardinia -- Nuragus di Cagliaria DOC; White grape
100
Where would you find wines labeled Lacryma Christi and what does it indicate?
The Vesuvio DOC of Campania; "Lacryma Christi" (the tears of Christ) indicates a superior alcohol content (min. 12%). Can be Bianco, Rosso, Spumante, Rosato, or Bianco Liquoroso.
White grapes -- Verdeca and Coda di Volpe
Red grapes -- Sciascinoso and Piedirosso
101
What is Vino Cotto, and where is it made?
AKA cooked wine. It is made from the grape must of white grapes (pecorino, passerine, pagadebito caccio, maceratina, gaglioppa). The must is boiled in a copper pot till it is reduced by a third. This is then put into oak barrels where after fermentation, it is aged. Each subsequent harvest is used to fill the barrel back up. Has no alcohol content.Originally, a typical product of the Marche region, it is also made in Abruzzo and Calabria.
102
What are the cepage requirements for Suvereto DOCG?
Rosso or Rosso Riserva -- Cab & Merlot, with a max. 15% other grapes. Sangiovese, Merlot, and Cab can be varietally bottled, with a min. of 85% of that grape.
103
How can malolactic fermentation be induced?
Raising temperature or inoculation
104
Who makes Desiderio? What is the cepage/first vintage?
Avignonesi; 85% Merlot, 15% Cab S.; 1988
105
Where are the highest altitude red wine vineyards in all of Europe?
Guardiola, on Mt. Etna in Sicily
106
Describe the soil of Brunello di Montalcino?
Clay and marine sediment at lower altitudes; galestro (soft, marl-like soil) at higher.
107
Who makes Guidalberto? What is the cepage?
Tenuta San Guido, Merlot and Cab
108
Diego Molinari is the proprietor of what Montalcino estate?
Cerbaiona
109
What was Italy's first DOC and when was it awarded?
Vernacchia di San Gimignano; 1966
110
Where is the tributary Elsa?
It is a tributary of the Arno in western Chianti
111
What is the minimum alcohol for Etna Rosso and Etna Rosso Riserva?
12.5%/13%
112
Where would you find the sub-zone Monti?
Gaiole in Chianti Classico
113
What is the minimum alcohol for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?
12.5%
114
What is the most famous frazione of Gaiole in Chianti Classico?
Monti
115
What is the DOCG of Sicily and what are its requirements?
Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG; 50-70% Nero d'Avola, 30-50% Frappato
116
Why are there "Super Tuscans" that are 100% Sangiovese from the Chianti region?
Italian law used to require that Chianti be a blend of grapes; it could not be 100% Sangiovese.
117
Name three producers based in Gaiole in Chianti?
Barone Ricasoli, Castello di Ama, i Sodi, La Porta di Vergine, San Giusto a Retennano
118
Name three producers of Taurasi DOCG.
Mastroberardino, Luigi Tecce, Cantine Leonardo, Feudi di San Gregorio, Quintodecimo
119
What styles of wine based on what grapes can be made in the Montefalco DOC?
Bianco from min. 50% Grechetto with Trebbiano Toscano
| Rosso/Rosso Riserva from 60-70% Sangiovese with 10-15% Sagrantino
120
What bodies of water help regulate the temperature in land-locked Umbria?
The Tiber river; the lakes Trasimeno, Bolsena, and Corbara
121
What can you expect the ABV on a vin santo to be?
15.5-17%
122
What are the cepage requirements for Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG?
Min. 90% Sangiovese
123
At what altitudes does most serious viticulture in Chianti take place?
800-1600 feet (250-500m)
124
Name four synonyms for Sangiovese and where they are found.
Sangioveto (Chianti)
Sangiovese Grosso/Brunello (Montalcino)
Prugnolo Gentile (Montepulciano)
Morellino (Scansano)
125
What is the only DOC for solely rosato wines in all of Italy?
Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo
126
What is the minimum alcohol for Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG? Name four producers.
13%; COS, Planeta, Occhipinti, Valle dell'Acate
127
What is a tonneaux?
A 500 L barrel used in Tuscany.
128
What separates Calabria from Sicily?
The Straight of Messina
129
What is the soil type of Taurasi?
Limestone of marine origin mixed with clay
130
What is Occio di Pernice?
A rosé version of Vin Santo del Chianti/Chianti Classico, where a minimum of 50% (80% in Chianti Classic) Sangiovese is added to the white grape blend of Malvasia and Trebbiano. (In Bolgheri, 50-70% Sangiovese with 30-50% Malvasia Nera)
131
Name three producers aging their Brunello in barrique.
Siro Pacenti, Poggio Antico, Fanti, Il Palazzone
132
Suvereto DOCG was a sub-zone of what DOCG until it was elevated in 2011?
Val di Cornia DOCG
133
Who makes Camartina?
Querciabella, Greve in Chianti, 70% Cab/30% Sangiovese
134
What consulting enologist is considered the father of the "modernist" movement in Tuscany, and who has he worked for?
Giacomo Tachis, longtime head of enology at Antinori. He also consulted for Sassicaia.
135
What three DOCGs lie within Irpinia?
Greco di Tufo, Fiano di Avellino and Taurasi.
136
What DOC does Aglianico del Taburno lie within?
Sannino/Falanghina di Sannino
137
Name three producers based in Castellina in Chianti.
Bibbiano, Castellare di Castellina, Castello di Fonterutoli, Nittardi
138
In what year was Soldera's estate broken into, and what vintages were affected by the vandalism?
2012; 2007-2012
139
What kind of wines are made in the Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG?
Red passito wines from the Aleatico grape (possibly a red-skinned mutation of Muscat)
140
Who makes Giustro di Notri? What is the cepage?
Tua Rita; 30% Merlot/60% Cab Sauv/10% Cab Franc
141
Who makes Le Pergole Torte? What's the cepage? What was the first vintage? Who is the proprietor?
Montevertine; 100% Sangiovese; 1977; Sergio Maneetti
142
Who made the 1st‘super-Tuscan’ wine and when was it first released commercially? What was it’s original label designation?
The Marchese Mario Incisa della Rocchetta first made Saissicaia (Cabernet Sauvignon from his Tenuta San Guido estate in Bolgheri) in 1944; it was his personal wine. The first vintage released for commercial sale in 1971 was the 1968 vintage. The original label was Vino da Tavola.
143
What is the minimum alcohol for Brunello di Montalcino and Rosso di Montalcino?
12.5%/12%
144
What other DOCG besides Brunello di Montalcino do Ciacci Piccolomini, Collemassoni, and Livio Sassetti release wines from?
Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
145
What is Ca'Marcanda's white wine?
Vistamare ("Sea View") -- Vermentino/Viognier/Chard/SB
146
Who is Giulio Gambelli?
A Tuscan enologist who consulted on many famous projects, including Gianfranco Soldera's Brunello di Montalcino and Sergio Manetti's Le Pergole Torte.
147
What are the three sub-zones of Cannonau di Sardegna?
Oliena, Jerzu, and Capo Ferrato
148
Name three producers of Aglianico del Vulture Superiore.
Cantine del Notaio, Feudi di San Gregorio, Paternoster
149
In what DOC would you find the subzone Campi Taurasini, and what is the main grape?
Irpinia DOC in Campania; Aglianico
150
What DOC mandates that its rosato wines can only be made via saignee or blending?
Etna DOC
151
What was the first year that Sassicaia carried the Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC on its label?
1994; up until then Bolgheri was a DOC for white wine! In 1994, red wine became part of the DOC and Bolgheri Sassicaia was a subzone. Became its own DOC in 2012.
152
What is the capital of Campania?
Naples
153
What are the requirements for Riserva Chianti? Superiore Chianti?
Riserva -- 2 years of age/12% alcohol (some subzones require oak aging)
Superiore -- 12% alcohol, 6 months more aging, and lower yields
154
Where is Monte Amiata? What region does it famously affect and how?
Monte Amiata is in southern Tuscany, just SE of Montalcino. It attracts precipitation and keeps Montalcino the driest region in all Tuscany.
155
Who (and from what winery) is credited with the creation of the Carmignano DOCG?
Contini Bonacossi of Capezzana
156
What mountain range forms the border b/t Tuscany and Emilia Romagna as well as Tuscany and Lazio/Marche?
Appennine Mountains
157
Where would you find the subzones Terre di Casauria, Terre dei Vestini, Alto Tirino, Terre dei Peligni, and Teate?
Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC
158
What is the worst vintage of the 21st century so far for Brunello di Montalcino?
2002
159
What is Biondi Santi's Fascia Rossa? When was it made?
Fascia Rossa (red stripe) Rosso di Montalcino -- declassified BdM. Made in 2002 and 2014.
160
What are the three DOCGs of Castel del Monte? What region are they in?
Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva
Castel del Monte Nero di Troia
Castel del Monte Bombino Nero;
Puglia
161
Where are the DOCs of Fara and Faro, respectively?
Fara -- Piedmont
| Faro -- Sicily
162
What are the cepage requirements for Fiano di Avellino DOCG? What are the supporting grapes?
At least 85% Fiano; Trebbiano Toscano, Coda di Volpe, and Greco
163
What is the DOCG of Abruzzo and what are its requirements?
Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG; at least 90% Montepulciano, aged for 2 years, with at least one in wood (Riserva is min. 3 years)
164
What is the sweet wine DOCG of Puglia? What are its requirements?
Primitivo di Manduria Dolce DOCG; min. 50 g/L RS, may or may not be appassimento
165
What is agricultura promiscua? What kind of vine training does it traditionally accompany?
"Promiscuous agriculture" -- interplanting of grape vines next to other crops. Traditionally, grape vines would be planted in pergola, to allow for other crops to be planted below them.
166
Name three producers based in Greve in Chianti?
Fontodi, Il Molino di Grace, Querciabella, Villa Calcinaia, Castello dei Rampolla
167
What are the parents of Sangiovese?
Ciliegiolo x unknown (believed to be Calabrese di Montenuovo, a grape found in Campania, of Calabrian origin)
168
What is the minimum alcohol of Chianti DOCG?
11.5%
169
What is the minimum alcohol and RS range for Montefalco Sagrantino Passito?
18% potential/14.5% acquired; 80-100 g/L RS
170
What are the aging requirements for Bolgheri Rosso Superiore? Bolgheri? Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?
Bolgheri Rosso - min. 1 year
Bolgheri Rosso Superiore - min. 2 years, with at least 1 year in oak
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC - min. 2 years, with at least 18 months in oak
171
Who makes Guado al Tasso? Where from and what is the cepage?
Antinori; Bolgheri. Approx. 65% Cab/20% Merlot/12% Cab Franc/3% PV (2008 numbers)
172
What is Elba?
About 12 miles off the coast of Maremma is the isle of Elba, notably the site of the French Emperor Napoleon’s exile in 1814. In 2011, the Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG was finalized for sweet red passito wines made from the Aleatico grape on the island. Aleatico has been genetically linked to the Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains grape; possibly it is a red-skinned mutation.
173
What are the subzones of Chianti? Bonus points for naming the provinces of each.
Rufina, Colli Fiorentini, Montespertoli (all three in Firenze), Colli Aretini (Arezzo), Colli Senesi (Siena), Colline Pisane (Pisa), Montalbano (Prato, Pistoia, Firenze)
174
What was the first vintage of Ornellaia? What grapes are used?
1985; Cab/Cab Franc/Merlot/PV
175
What does the designation Chianti Classico Gran Selezione mandate? When was it created?
All estate fruit, 30 months aging w/ at least 3 months in bottle; 2013 for 2010 vintage (but estates were allowed to petition to back date). Min. 13% alcohol.
176
Which area of Italy became the first Italian wine to display the neck-strip of the Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (D.O.C.G.)?
“Vino Nobile di Montepulciano” became the first Italian wine to display the neck-strip of the Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (D.O.C.G.).
177
What is the difference between Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG wines and Serrapetrona DOC wines?
DOCG wines are sparkling; DOC wines are still
178
In what commune of Chianti Classico is the Tignanello estate?
San Casciano Val di Pesa
179
Compare Brunello & Chianti.
Montalcino is hotter and sandier than Chianti; producers a more alcoholic, tannic, and extracted wine.
180
Describe the viticultural characteristics of Sangiovese.
Can be vigorous if not pruned/planted correctly; gets flabby quick on soils that heat up too quickly; mid to late ripening, depending on climate
181
Who makes Pagliaro and what is the appellation?
Paolo Bea, Montefalco Sagrantino
182
Name the appellation and first vintage of the following wines:
- Guado al Tasso
- Paleo Rosso
- Ornellaia
- Massetto
- Sassicaia
- Guidalberto
- Promis
- Guado al Tasso: DOC Bolgheri Superiore, 1990
- Paleo Rosso: IGT Toscana, 1989
- Ornellaia: DOC Bolgheri Superiore, 1985
- Massetto: IGT Toscana, 1986
- Sassicaia: DOC Bolgheri Sassicaia, 1968
- Guidalberto: Toscana IGT, 200
- Promis: Toscana IGT, 1996 (estate purchased)
183
What styles of wine are made in the Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG?
Sparkling reds, dry or sweet, with 40% Passito grapes
184
What are the cepage requirements for Taurasi DOCG and Aglianico del Taburno DOCG?
Both require min. 85% Aglianico
185
Describe two effects of the Apennine Mountains on Chianti.
Provides altitude, which is important for Sangiovese, as well as shields from the cold wind that blows across the north toward Emilia Romagna.
186
What Montalcino estate was Bramante Abbruzzese the proprietor of?
Valdicava
187
What is the province of Aglianico del Taburno DOCG? Taurasi DOCG?
Benevento; Avellino
188
Who makes Percarlo?
San Giusto a Retennano; Gaiole in Chianti; 100% Sangiovese; 1983
189
What are the cepage requirements for Rosso Piceno DOC?
Rosso: 35-85% Montepulciano, 15-50% Sangiovese; Varietal Sangiovese requires a min. 85%
190
What is the straw covered bottle that Chianti once came in called?
Fiasco
191
What provinces does Chianti DOCG cover?
Firenze, Siena, Arezzo, Prato, Pisa, Pistoia
192
Where is the Misa river?
Marche -- Castello di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG
193
In what DOC does Sassicaia have its own sub-zone? What are the requirements?
Bolgheri; Min. 80% Cab, must be aged for a min. 2 years, with 18 months in barrique
194
What is the furthest north DOCG in Tuscany?
Carmignano
195
What are the two DOCGs of Umbria?
Torgiano Rosso Riserva and Montefalco Sagrantino
196
Who makes L'Eremo? What is the cepage?
Isole e Olena --100% Syrah
197
What region is Capri DOC considered a part of, and what are the primary grapes?
Campania; Falanghina (min. 50%) with Greco for whites (max. 20% Biancollela); Piedirosso (min. 80%) for reds
198
What two Italian regions are separated by the Straight of Messina?
Calabria and Sicily
199
What is Grechetto called in Tuscany?
Pulcinculo ("flea in the bottom")
200
What DOCGs of Tuscany require 100% Sangiovese?
Just Brunello di Montalcino.
201
What denomination cannot be used in conjunction with a subzone name in Chianti?
Chianti Superiore
202
What are the three primary grapes of Bolgheri Bianco?
Vermentino, Sauvignon, and Trebbiano (with a max. of 30% other grapes)
203
What are the cepage and aging requirements for Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG?
```
At least 90% Montepulciano (max. 10% Sangiovese)
2 years (1 in wood), 3 for Riserva
```
204
What styles of wine can be made in Maremma Toscana DOC based on what grapes?
Bianco (Spumate, Passito, VT, Normale) - min. 40% combined or seperate Vermentino & Trebbiano
Rosso (Passito, Novello, Normale) - min. 40% Sangiovese
Rosato - min. 40% Sangiovese/Ciliegiolo
Vin Santo
Varietal Wine
205
What is the grape of Valentini's Trebbiano d'Abruzzo?
Bombino Bianco
206
What DOCG does the Esino river flow through?
Castello di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG
207
Who makes Batar and what grapes are in it?
Querciabella, 50% Chard/50% PB, Toscana IGT
208
What is the coolest subzone of Chianti?
Rufina
209
Where is the DOC of Melissa and what grape is most grown there?
Calabria; Greco. Also a DOC for Rosso from predominately Gaglioppo.
210
What year did the controversy of adding other grapes to Brunello come to a head?
2008 (primarily concerning the 2003 vintage)
211
What is a synonym for Nero d'Avola in Sicily?
Calabrese
212
Who was the consulting enologist for Ornellaia?
Michel Rolland
213
Who is the current owner of Ornellaia?
Frescobaldi
214
In what cru of Greve is Sangiovese known as Sangioveto?
Lamole
215
Slavonian oak is a sub-species of what? Where is this species found?
Quercus robur -- found in the Limousin and Balkan forests of France
216
Compare the alcohol and aging requirements of Aglianico del Taburno vs. Taurasi DOCGs.
Aglianico del Taburno allows for Rosato production.
AdT Rosso 12%, Rosso Riserva 13%
Taurasi Rosso 12%, Rosso Riserva, 12.5%
Adt Rosso, 2 years; Rosso Riseva, 3 years (1 in oak)
Taurasi Rosso, 3 years (1 in oak), Rosso Riserva, 4 years (18 months in oak)
217
Name four other grapes authorized for production in Chianti Classico DOC besides Sangiovese?
Colorino, Canaiolo Nero, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
218
What is the capital of the Marche?
Ancona
219
Describe the soils of Chianti Classico?
Galestro (soft marl-like soil), Alberese (sandstone), clay, schist, and sand
220
Where in Italy might you find the Trebbiano Clone known as "Trebbiano Spoletino"? How is it trained? Name a producer who makes a wine in an homage to this grape and training method.
Trebbiano Spoletino is found in Umbria and is trained so that the fruit hangs high above the ground. Paolo Bea makes a wine called "Arboreus" from this clone in this style
221
Who makes Massetto? What was the first vintage? What is the cepage?
Ornellaia; 100% Merlot; 1986 (Massetto is the name of the vineyard in Bolgheri)
222
What are the cepage requirements of Etna Bianco, Rosato, and Rosso?
Bianco -- Min. 60% Carricante, max. 40% Cataratto
| Rosato and Rosso -- Min. 80% Nerello Mascalese, max. 20% Nerello Cappuccio
223
Where is Sergio Manetti the proprietor?
Montevertine
224
What are the cepage requirements of Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva and Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCGs?
At least 85% Verdicchio with 15% non-aromatic grapes authorized for production in Ancona and Macerata.
225
Name the four original villages of Chianti Classico, clockwise, starting from the northernmost.
Greve, Radda, Gaiole, Castellina
226
What DOC and its subzone Suvereto were both elevated to separate DOCG status in 2011?
Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG
227
What are the worst vintages of the 1990s for Brunello di Montalcino?
1991, 1992, and 1996
228
Where is the DOC Cacc'e mmitte di Lucera and what are the styles/grapes?
Puglia; Rosso secco from primarily Uva di Troia with Montepulciano, Sangiovese, and/or Malvasia Nera di Brindisi supporting
229
Name three bottlings of Pantelleria DOC?
Donnafugata "Ben Rye"
Marco de Bartoli "Bukkuram"
Benanti
230
Name 5 producers based in Bolgheri.
Le Macchiole, Tenuta San Guido, Banfi, Ornellaia, Grattamacco, Ca'Marcanda, Guado al Tasso
231
When was the last eruption on Mt. Etna?
1947
232
What is the only white wine DOCG in Tuscany?
Vernaccia di San Gimignano
233
What are the aging requirements for Sagrantino di Montefalco Secco?
Minimum 30 months from December 1 of the harvest year, including at least 12 months in wood
234
What is the name of Paolo Bea's premier cuvee?
"Pagliaro," Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG
235
Who makes "Magari"? From where and what is it?
Gaja, Ca'Marcanda. Both terre brune (dark loam/clay) and terre blanche (stone/pepples); Merlot/Cab/Cab Franc
236
In what commune of Chianti Classico are Castello di Monsanto and Isole e Olena based?
Barberino Val d’Elsa
237
Who makes Le Serre Nuove? What was the first vintage? What is the cepage?
Ornellaia's second wine; Cab/Cab Franc/Merlot/PV; 1997
238
Describe some of the notable Tuscan vintages from 1995 to present.
95, 96, 97 -- string of excellent vintages
98 -- rainy, harder, okay for Brunello
00, 02, 05 -- the most problematic vintages of the decade
04, 06 -- excellent, concentrated wines
239
What is the difference between Chianti Riserva and Chianti Superiore?
Both require 12% min. alcohol (vs. the 11.5% required by regular Chianti).
Chianti Superiore may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest and requires lower yields (7.5 tons/ha vs. 8 tons/ha for subzones and 9 tons/ha for Chianti Normale).
Chianti Riserva requires a minimum 2 years aging from January 1 of the year following harvest.
240
Why do some propose Montepulciano as an ideal blending partner for Sangiovese?
It provides color and richness without overtaking aromatically as Syrah, Merlot, and Cab can.
241
What is the most cultivated red grape in Puglia?
Negroamaro
242
What are the cepage requirements for Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG?
Min. 40% Sangiovese
Max. 60% combined Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
Max. 20% other red grapes (except Aleatico) suitable for cultivation in Toscana
243
Where is the Frascati DOC and what is the primary grape?
Lazio; Malvasia
244
Where is the Rosso Piceno DOC? What wines are made there?
Marche; Sangiovese and Montepulciano blends
245
Name 4 wines made by Ornellaia and the appellation on the label.
Ornellaia - Bolgheri Superiore DOC
Serre Nuove - Bolgheri DOC
Le Volta - Toscana IGT
Massetto - Toscana IGT
246
Name two producers of Morellino di Scansano DOCG.
La Mozza, Fattoria Le Pupille
247
Who imports Tenuta San Guido into the US?
Kobrand
248
Where is the Sannio DOC and what style of wine is produced there?
Campania; Dry and sweet passito wines from Falanghina
249
Where is Faro and what are the three mandated grapes in the blend?
Faro is a DOC in the commune of Messina in northeastern Sicily. It is for red wine only, primarily from Nerello Mascalese (45-60%), but Nerello Cappuccio (15-30%) and Nocera (5-10%) are required as well.
250
What is the Alicante of Tuscany?
Grenache! Frequently used as a blending partner in Morellino di Scansano.
251
What winery did Piero Palmucci establish in 1989? Who did he sell it to in 2011?
Poggio di Sotto; sold to Claudio Tipa of Collemassari and Grattamacco in 2011
252
Who makes Pietramarina, Rovittello, and Serra della Contessa? What appellation is on the labels?
Benanti; Etna Bianco (Pietramarina) and Etna Rosso
253
What DOC would you find in the Esino River Valley?
Verdicchio di Matelica (Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG)
254
What is the only DOCG of Abruzzo?
Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Teramane
255
Where would you find the vineyard site Guardiola?
Etna DOC
256
What is the appellation of Guidalberto?
Toscana IGT
257
Who makes Flaccionello della Pieve? What's the appellation and the cepage? What was the first vintage?
Fontodi; Colli Toscana Centrale IGT; 100% Sangiovese; 1981
258
What is vin santo typically aged in?
Traditionally, chestnut caratelli (50L), but now chestnut or neutral oak of 50L-500L (max.)
259
Where does Palari make wine?
Faro DOC, Sicily
260
What are the cepage requirements for Bolgheri Rosso DOC?
0-100% Cab, Merlot, or Cab Franc
Max. 50% Syrah
Max. 50% Sangiovese
Max. 30% other grapes
261
Where is Salice Salentino DOC? What is the main grape of Rosso and Bianco, respectively, and what other styles of wine can be made?
Puglia
Rosso -- Negroamaro
Bianco -- Chardonnay
Almost all styles made -- Spumate, Dolce, Varietal wines, etc.
262
What are the cepage and aging requirements for Conero Rosso Riserva DOCG?
Min. 85% Montepulciano, max. 15% Sangiovese; 2 years of maturation before release.
263
What is mezzadria and how does it relate to the development of fine wine production in Italy?
Mezzadria is sharecropping; wasn't outlawed until the 1950s and crippled Italy's ability to produce quality wine.
264
Name threeproducers of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
Avignonesi, Il Macchione, Boscarelli
265
What province is the Brunello di Montalcino DOCG in?
Siena
266
Where is Ischia and what are the primary grapes?
An island in the Bay of Naples (Campania)
White -- Biancolella and Forestera
Red -- Guarrnaccia and Piedirosso
267
What are the traditional grapes of Vin Santo? What other grape is sometimes authorized?
Malvasia, Trebbiano; Grechetto
268
Who produced the first Brunello di Montalcino? What are the aging requirements?
Biondi-Santi produced the first Brunello in 1865. Brunello must be aged for a min. 2years in wood and 4 months in bottle. The wine may not be released until January 1st of the 5th year following harvest. Riserva While riserva requires an additional 2 months in bottle and may not be released until January 1st of the 6th year following harvest.
269
What is the DOCG of Bascilicata? What are its requirements?
Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG; min. 13.5% ABV and three years of aging (1 in wood); Superiore Riserva requireds 5 years of aging, with 2 in wood
270
What Super Tuscan DOC shares the same territory as Brunello di Montalcino?
Sant'Antimo
271
Who makes Cepparello? What is the cepage? When was the first vintage? Who is the proprietor?
Isole e Olena; 100% Sangiovese;1980; Paolo de Marchi
272
What styles of wine are made in the Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG?
Secco and Passito
273
What are the cepage/aging/ABV requirements for Morellino di Scansano Rosso and Riserva?
Min. 85% Sangiovese (Morellino); 12.5%/13%; Riserva must age 2 years
274
What are the aging requirements for Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG?
3 years (from 1/1) including 12 in wood
275
Where is the Greco di Bianco DOC, and what style of wine is made there?
Calabria; sweet wines
276
In what region of Italy would you find the native grape Susumaniello?
Puglia, in the Brindisi and Squizano DOCs
277
What is the only white wine in Tuscany to enjoy DOCG status?
Vernaccia di San Gimignano a crisp, pink grapefruit-tinged white wine produced on sandy, rock-strewn soils around the hilltop town of San Gimignano in the Siena province.
278
Name four factors that might distinguish modernist and traditionalist producers of Brunello di Montalcino.
- barrique usage
- extraction
- clonal selection
- single vineyard bottlings
279
Where is the DOC of Cagliari and what other DOCs did it absorb in 2011?
Sardegna; Moscato di Cagliari, Monica di Cagliari, and Malvasia di Cagliari. Vermentino is also made varietally.
280
What province does the Chianti Classico DOCG lie in?
Siena & Firenze
281
Compare Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva and Castello di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva?
Jesi - coastal, 3000 ha, fuller, rounder character
| Matelica -- inland, high altitude, 300 ha, sharper character
282
What DOC can red wines made in Orvieto be released as?
Lago di Corbara DOC
283
Who makes Chianti Classico "Il Poggio"?
Castello di Monsanto
284
What is the primary province of Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG? What other province is it in? What is the primary province of Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva
Ancona is the primary province of Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva, with a small part in Macerata. Macerate is the primary province of Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva, with a small part in Ancona.
285
What is the Brunello clone of Sangiovese?
Sangiovese grosso
286
What country historically does Sardinia derive much of its viticulture from?
Spain; Aragon ruled Sardinia until the early 1700s
287
What DOCG allows for Aglianico Rosato?
Aglianico del Taburno DOCG in Campania
288
In general, what would you expect in terms of added requirements for a "Riserva" wine vs. a "Superiore" wine?
In general, Riserva denotes extended barrel aging, while Superiore denotes higher min. ABV and lower yields (riper grapes).
289
What DOCG of Puglia is devoted entirely to rosato wines?
Castel del Monte Bombino Nero
290
What are the four original communes of Chianti Classico? What are the other 5 communes? What provinces do they fall in?
Radda, Greve, Gaiole, Castellina; Castelnuovo Berardenga, Poggibonsi, Baberino Val d'Elsa, Tavarnelle Val di Pesa, San Casciano Val di Pesa
Siena: Radda in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, Castellina in Chianti, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Poggibonsi
Firenze: Greve in Chianti, Barberino Val d'Elsa, San Casciano Val di Pesa, Tavernelle Val di Pesa
291
What are the aging requirements for Chianti Classico Riserva? What is the minimum alcohol?
24 months from 1/1 of year after harvest (3 months in bottle); 12.5% (vs. 12% for normale)
292
Name three producers of Fiano di Avellino DOCG.
Guido Marsella, Ciro Picariello, Villa Diamante, Colli di Lapio, Feudi di San Gregorio, Quintodecimo, Mastroberardino
293
In what year did it become illegal to use white grapes in Chianti Classico DOCG wines? What white grapes were used prior to that? Is it still legal to use white grapes in Chianti DOCG and in what amounts?
Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasia; 2006
Yes, up to 10%
294
What are the names of the two different vineyards on Soldera's estate?
Case Basse and Intistieti
295
Where, specifically, is Bucci a producer?
Castello di Jesi, Marche
296
Who makes Le Difese? What is the cepage?
Tenuta San Guido - 70% Cab/30% Sangiovese
297
What styles of wine may be made in Etna DOC?
Bianco/Bianco Superiore
Rosato
Rosso/Rosso Riserva
Spumante (rosato or bianco)
298
Orvieto DOC spans which 2 wine regions? Which grapes are permitted?
Lazio and Umbria; Min. 60% Trebbiano Toscana (Procanico) and Grechetto
299
What is the sole DOCG of Sardinia?
Vermentino di Gallura
300
Where would you find the Sannio DOC?
Campania
301
Where is the Pomino DOC and who are the only producers? How are the regulations different than the surrounding region?
Within Rufina; Frescobaldi and Fattoria Selvapiana; higher % of international grapes allowed -- min. 50% Sangiovese w/ Pinot Noir and Merlot (max. 50% combined). Varietal wines, white, red, and vin santo also made.
302
Where is Montevergine?
Campania; overlooks Fiano di Avellino DOCG and creates a rainshadow effect.
303
What Bolgheri estate was founded by Lodovico Antinori?
Ornellaia
304
What are rosato wines made in Abruzzo called?
Cerasuolo ("cherry red")
305
Emidio Pepe's grapes come from the Colline Teramane region of Abruzzo. Why doesn't he use the DOCG?
It states that wines must be aged in oak for at least 12 months, and he uses all concrete.
306
What province is Brunello di Montalcino in?
Siena
307
What province is Vino Nobile di Montepulciano in?
Siena
308
Name three producers based in Radda?
Castello di Volpaia, Istine, Monteraponi, Montevertine, Val delle Corti
309
True or false the grape requirements used for Rosso di Montepulciano DOC are identical to the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
Its true. Sangiovese, minimum 70% (may be joined up to 30% by other varieties authorized for the Tuscany Region).
310
Where is Irpina?
Campania, in the province of Avellino
311
Where is the Salice Salentino DOC, and what is the primary grape?
Puglia; Negroamaro
312
Where is the Calore River?
Campania, Taurasi DOCG
313
What are the aging requirements and min. alcohol for Suvereto DOCG Riserva?
Cannot be released until 1/1 of the 3rd year following harvest, min. 18 months in oak, 6 months in bottle. 13% ABV (vs. 12.5% for normale)
314
What are the four DOCGs of Campania?
Taurasi, Aglianico del Taburno, Greco di Tufo, Fiano di Avellino
315
Who makes Maestro Raro? What is the appellation/cepage?
Felsina; IGT Toscana; 100% Cab; first vintage 1987
316
When was the DOC system first introduced?
1963
317
What are the cepage requirements for Trebbiano d'Abruzzo DOC?
Min. 85% Bombino Bianco, Trebbiano Toscano, and/or Trebbiano Abruzzese
318
What is the province of Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG?
Perugia
319
Describe the climate, soil, and situation of Etna DOC.
- elevations of 400-1000m
- huge diurnal swing, sometimes 30'C
- volcanic soil, with sandstone and silt
- arc of DOC has exposures that are full south, full north, and everything in between
- high average rainfall
- protected by Nebrodi Mountains, north of Mt. Etna, that block some of the rain and wind
320
Who makes Fontalloro? What's the cepage/where's it from?
Felsina; IGT Toscana (from Chianti Classico & Colli Senesi); 100% Sangiovese; first vintage 1983
321
What is Sangiovese known as in Montepulciano?
Prugnolo Gentile
322
What's the difference between Frascati DOC and Frascati Superiore DOCG?
DOCG requires 12% alcohol; DOCG Riserva requires 13% alcohol, as well as at least one year aging. Same cepage requirements.
323
What sea borders Tuscany?
Tyrrhenian Sea
324
Name two crus of Greve in Chianti?
Panzano, Lamole
325
What are the 11 DOCGs of Tuscany?
```
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
Carmignano DOCG
Chianti DOCG
Chianti Classico DOCG
Elba Aleatico Passito (Aleatico Passito dell'Elba) DOCG
Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
Morellino di Scansano DOCG
Rosso della Val di Cornia (Val di Cornia Rosso) DOCG
Suvereto DOCG
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
```
326
When did Gaja acquire its Tuscan estate, and what is it called?
1996; Ca'Marcanda
327
Who was the first proprietor of Tenuta San Guido?
Marquis (marchese) Mario Incisa della Rocchetta
328
Where would you find the white grape Semidano?
Sardegna; Sardegna Semidano DOC covers the entire island
329
What grape is also known as Pér e palummo?
Piedirosso
330
When was the Bolgheri DOC established, and for what styles of wine was it originally intended?
1983, for bianco and rosato only until 1994!
331
What province is Morellino di Scansano DOCG and Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG in?
Grosseto
332
Who makes Le Volte? What is the cepage?
Ornellaia; Sangiovese, Merlot & Cab
333
What styles of wine are made in the Greco di Tufo DOCG?
Bianco and (metodo classico) Spumante
334
Where is the Irpinia DOC, and what are the primary grapes?
Campania
Bianco -- 40-50% each of Greco and Fiano
Rosso -- min. 70% Aglianico
Varietal wines also made
335
Who makes Intistieti and what is it?
Intistieti is one of the vineyards on Soldera's estate. He has come to use the name, though, not to reflect vineyard origin but to denote a wine that spends less time in barrel. Intistieti was made in 1985, 1987, 1988, 1991, and 1992. Labeled as Vino da Tavola.
336
What is the primary soil type of Bolgheri?
Layers of sand, clay, and gravel.
337
What was the first DOCG in Italy?
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, 1980 (along with Brunello di Montalcino and Barolo)
338
What towns bookend Chianti on the north, south, east, and west?
North -- Firenze
South -- Siena
East -- Gaiole
West -- Poggibonsi
339
Where do Oasi degli Angeli and Dino Illuminati make wine?
Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Teramane
340
What is the minimum alcohol for Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG?
13%
341
What are the main differences between Vin Santo del Chianti DOC and Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC?
Chianti DOC -- has a Riserva designation, min. 70% Trebbiano Toscano and/or Malvasia; Occhio di Pernice is min. 50% Sangiovese
Chianti Classico DOC -- no Riserva designation, min. 60% Trebbiano Toscana; Occhio di Pernice is min. 80% Sangiovese. Higher potential alcohol and lower acquired.
342
Who is the proprietor of Isole e Olena, and where is it based?
Paolo de Marchi; Barberino Val d'Elsa in Chianti Classico
343
What DOCGs of Tuscany allow or require the use of white grapes?
Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Vernaccia di San Gimignano
344
Where would you find the fraziones Montefioralle and Ruffoli?
Greve in Chianti
345
What qualities is Colorino said to impart to a Sangiovese-based blend?
Color!
346
Name three synonyms for Trebbiano di Toscana.
Passerina -- Marche
Procanico -- Umbria
Ugni Blanc -- France
347
Where is the Aversa DOC and what is the primary grape?
Campania; Aspirinio (Bianco and Spumante)
348
What has historically been the most important blending grape for Sangiovese?
Canaiolo; lightens and softens Sangiovese
349
What is Sangiovese called in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and how much of it is required by law in the blend?
It is called “Prugnolo Gentile” at Montepulciano with a minimum 70% (may be joined up to 30% by other allowable Tuscan varieties.)
350
What are the aging requirements for Rosso di Montalcino DOC?
Min. 1 year before release (no oak required)
351
How long must Etna Rosso Riserva be aged for?
4 years with at least 12 months in wood
352
What contributions can be said to have been made by the Biondi-Santi family to the development of modern Brunello?
100% Sangiovese aged in large oak barrels for an extended period
353
What are the best vintages of the 90s for Brunello di Montalcino?
1990, 1995, 1997
354
Where is Vernaccia a red grape?
Marche; Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG
355
Where is Tua Rita based?
Suvereto
356
Where is the conca d'oro?
Greve in Chianti Classico -- "golden shell" -- amphitheater of ideal southern facing slopes
357
What is Falernian? What is its modern equivalent?
A historic wine praised in ancient texts, made from Greco or Aglianico, in northern Campania, at the base of Mt. Falernus, near the border of Campania and Lazio.
In modern days, there is a Falerno di Massico DOC that produces whites from Falanghina and reds from Aglianico and Primitivo.
358
What climate does Sangiovese thrive in?
Sangiovese thrives where Mediterranean meets Continental; too warm (i.e. Maremma), and it's flabby and soft; too cold (Montepulciano), it's astringent and tough.
359
Who makes Redigaffi? What is the cepage? When was the first vintage?
Tua Rita; 100% Merlot; 1994
360
Where is Ischia and what grapes are most prominent there?
An island in the Bay of Naples and a DOC of Campania; Forastera & Biancolella are the primary white grapes, Piedirosso & Guarnaccia, the primary reds
361
In what region is the Prugnolo Gentile clone of Sangiovese grown?
Montepulciano, Tuscany
362
When did Soldera start labeling his wines as Toscana IGT?
Soldera resigned from the Consorzio in 2013. He had already released half of his 2006 vintage as Brunello, but released the other half as Toscana IGT. Each subsequent vintage (up to current, 2009) has been Toscana IGT.
363
What is Brunellopoli?
The press's name for the Brunello scandal that broke in 2008 surrounding the 2003 vintage, where several large producers were accused of incorporating other grapes besides Sangiovese into their Brunello.
364
Who makes Saffredi? What is the appellation, cepage, and first vintage?
Fattoria Le Pupille, IGT Maremma Toscana, Cab S., Merlot, and Alicante, 1987
365
Where would you find the communes Summonte, Montefredane and Lapio?
Fiano di Avellino DOCG
366
Compare the soils of Greve to Radda.
Greve is dominated by clay and limestone, with Radda having more light and sandy soils with less clay
367
Who makes "Scrio"? What does the name mean and what is the cepage?
Le Macchiole; "the prodigal son"; 100% Syrah
368
What is the grape of Terre di Offida DOC?
Passerina
369
Where would you find a DOC for the Biancame grape?
Biachello del Metauro DOC in the Marche
370
Where is the Campi Flegrei DOC and what are the primary grapes?
Campania; Falanghina for whites and Piedirosso for reds.
371
Where is the Lacrima di Morro d'Alba DOC located?
Marche
372
What is the main grape for Etna Rosso and Bianco DOC wines?
Nerello Mascalese, Carricante
373
Who makes Madonna del Piano?
Valdicava; their single vineyard BdM
374
What style of wine is made in the Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo DOC?
Rosato, min. 85% Montepulciano
375
Describe the 2013 vintage in Brunello.
Less hot and dry than 2011 and 2012, should produce more elegant, structured, long-lived wines (though many producers harvested too late).
376
Where is Poggio Civitella?
The highest point in Brunello di Montalcino.
