Greece and Eastern Europe Flashcards
1
Q
What PDOs are in the Heraklion region of Greece?
A
Dafnes, Archanes, and Peza
2
Q
Name three “first growths” of Tokaj (not including the “great first growths”)?
A
Disnoko, Hetszolo, and Pajzos are easy ones to remember because there are producers named after them.
3
Q
Name three indigenous grapes of Bulgaria.
A
Mavrud, Melnik 55, Rubin, Kandarka, Red Misket, Dimyat, Rkatsitelli
4
Q
What Slovenian appellation is an extension of Friuli’s Carso?
A
Kras
5
Q
What is the most important wine region in Russia?
A
Krasnodar
6
Q
Why are most wineries in Tokaj founded in the early 1990s?
A
During communism, all production was in the hands of a single, state-run company. The iron curtain fell in 1989.
7
Q
What style of wine is produced in the Dafnes PDO? What grape is used?
A
100% Liatiko, reds only, dry or sweet.
8
Q
What are the two PDO appellations of Rhodes?
A
Rhodes PDO & Muscat of Rhodes PDO
9
Q
What is nychteri?
A
Nychteri is a style of wine made in Santorini; min. 75% Assyrtiko with Athiri and Aidani, aged for a min. of 3 months.
10
Q
Name two blending partners for Mandilaria in PDO wines.
A
Kotsifali (Crete) and Monemvassia (Paros)
11
Q
What is unique about the vine training on Santorini and why?
A
Santorini is affected by strong Aegean winds so vines are trained in a stefani (crown) shape low to the ground that allows the grapes to be sheltered in the middle of the vine crown.
12
Q
What are the seven PDO zones of Crete? Which were original appellations in 1971 and which were added in 2012.
A
1971: Archanes, Dafnes, Sitia & Peza
2012: Candia, Malvasia Candia, and Malvasia Sitia
13
Q
Name three regional PGIs of Greece.
A
Peloponnese, Macedonia, Thessalia, Epirus, etc.
14
Q
What is Pezsgö?
A
Sparkling wine made in Hungary
15
Q
Name 5 winemaking countries that touch the Danube river?
A
Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Austria, Germany
16
Q
What grape is the principal component of Mantinia PDO wines?
A
Moschofilero
17
Q
What is the most planted white grape in Crete?
A
Vilana
18
Q
What grapes is Verdea traditionally made with?
A
Skiadopoulo, Parlos, and Augoustiatis
19
Q
What style can Muscat of Samos be made in?
A
Vin de liqueur, vin doux naturel, or naturally sweet
20
Q
What country’s appellations are VOCs?
A
Czech Republic
21
Q
What is the grape of Nemea?
A
Agiorgitiko (St. George)
22
Q
What are the 3 PDO districts of Thessalia?
A
Rapsani, Messenikola, Anchialos
23
Q
In the PDOs of Cephalonia, what grapes are dry wines made from? What grapes are sweet wines made from?
A
dry white wine – Robolo of Cephalonia PDO
sweet white wine – Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains (Muscat of Cephalonia PDO)
sweet red wine — Mavrodaphne, plus max. 50% Maori Korinthiaki (Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO)
24
Q
What are the favourable vintages in the 90s in Tokaj.
A
1991, 1993, 1996, and 1999
25
Name two PDOs of Primorska?
Goriska Brda, Kras, Slovenska, and Vipavska Dolina
26
What Slovenia appellation is an extension of Friuli’s Colli Goriziano?
Goriška Brda
27
What PDO sits at the base of Mt. Olympus?
Rapsani
28
T or F: Retsina can be vintage dated.
False, it cannot.
29
What two vineyards are the "Great 1st Growths" of Tokaj?
Szarvas and Mézes Mály
30
What is Profitis Ilias?
Santorini’s highest mountain
31
PGI wines integrate Greece's former "vin de pays" category, which was previously called what?
Topikos Inos
32
Name four PDOs for which Xinomavro is the primary grape.
Naoussa, Amynteo, Goumenissa, and Rapsani
33
Who controls all the production of Muscat of Samos?
The Union of Viticultural Cooperatives of Samos
34
T or F: The Great Plain, in the south of Hungary, is known for wine of everyday quality that is consumed locally?
True
35
Who makes Legacy 1879?
Boutari; Xinomavro from Naoussa with 60% new oak
36
```
What are the former corresponding RS levels for the following Aszú levels:
3 Puttonyos
4 Puttonyos
5 Puttonyos
6 Puttonyos
Aszúesszencia (7-9 Puttonyos)
Natúresszencia
```
```
60 g/L
90 g/L
120 g/L
150 g/L
180 g/L
450 g/L (formerly 250 g/L)
```
37
What are the 4 PDO regions of the Peloponnese that produce sweet wine?
Muscat of Patras, Muscat of Rio Patras, Mavrodaphne of Patras, Monemvassia-Malvasia.
38
Where is the Drava River?
Slovenia; Podravska = Drava River Valley
39
What organization is Istran Szepsy one of the founding members of and what is their mission? What wineries is Szepsy associated with?
"Circle of Mád" - dedicated to elevating the status of dry Tokaji. Szepsy is a winemaker and key figure in Royal Tokaji Company and Királyudvar formerly, and now his own winery Istvan Szepsy.
40
What are the aging requirements for Tokaji Szamorodni, Maslas, and Forditas?
2 years minimum, with at least one in barrel.
41
When did the iron curtain fall? Name 5 countries whose wine industries were heavily affected by this.
1989; Germany (to a small extent), Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova (the latter two to lesser extents as well)
42
Lemnos PDO wines are dominated by what grape? What is the permitted red grape?
Moscato Alexandrias; Limnio
43
In what PDO is the grape Limnio most significant?
Slopes of Meliton PDO
44
What are the better soils/aspects of Tokaj?
Soils - volcanic loess/clay. Aspects - southfacing
45
On what country’s labels would you find the terms DOC - CMD, DOC - CT and DOC - CIB? What does each term mean?
Romania;
DOC - CMD = grapes harvested at full maturity
DOC - CT = late harvested grapes
DOC - CIB = botrytis-affected grapes
46
What are the PGIs of Slovenia.
Primorska, Podravska, and Posavska
47
Samos is an island in what sea?
Aegean Sea
48
In what country would you find the native grapes Feteascā Negra and Feteascaā Regalā?
Romania
49
Name the 4 PDO appellations of Macedonia.
Slopes of Meliton, Amynteo, Naoussa, Goumenissa
50
Name 5 countries that border Hungary.
Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria
51
Where are Verdea Traditional Appellation wines produced?
Zakynthos -- Ionian Islands
52
What is the only Greek appellation to mandate the use of a white grape in red blends?
Paros PDO
53
Koutsi is a sub-zone of what PDO?
Nemea
54
In what region do most red wines from Croatia get made?
Dalmatia
55
Who are the largest owners of Mezes Maly?
Royal Tokaji Company owns 11 hectares and Degenfeld owns 13 hectares.
56
What direction do most of the vineyards of Crete face?
North
57
Anchialos PDO allows for only ____ wine blended from what two grapes?
Dry white; Roditis & Savvatiano
58
What are the two principal grapes of Tokaj? What are the other authorized grapes?
Furmint, Harslevelu. Authorized: Sagra Muskotaly (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains), Zeta (Oremus), Kabar, and Koverszolo
59
In what PGI is the Malagousia grape most significant?
Halkidiki
60
```
Name the dominant grape of the following PDOs:
Anchiolas
Naoussa
Dafnes
Lemnos
Zitsa
Nemea
Goumenissa
Mantinia
Messenikola
Patras
Amynteo
```
```
Anchiolas -- Roditis
Naoussa -- Xinomavro
Dafnes -- Liatiko
Lemnos -- Muscat of Alexandria
Zitsa -- Debina
Nemea -- Agioritiko
Goumenissa -- Xinomavro + Negoska
Mantinia -- Moschofilero
Messenikola -- Mavro Messenikola
Patras -- Roditis
Amynteo -- Xinomavro
```
61
What is "kouloura"?
The technique of "weaving" vines into a basket shape (stefani/crown) used on the island of Santorini.
62
What is the most planted grape of Croatia?
Graševina (Welschriesling)
63
Describe the qualities of the top vintages for Tokaj in Hungary.
- Dry, hot summers, with intermittent rains and cool nights
- early ripening with botrytis onset in August and September
- long harvest, September - November
64
What two isles does the Paros PDO cover?
Paros and Antiparos
65
What does Fehér Bor describe?
Hungarian white wine
66
Name three growing regions in Slovenia?
Primorska (Goriska Brda is within), Podravje, Posavje
67
Place in order from north to south: Macedonia, Crete, Peloponnese, Santorini, Sterea Ellada, Thessalia.
Macedonia, Thessalia, Sterea Ellada, Peloponnese, Santorini, Crete
68
Name two wine regions of Lebanon.
Bekaa Valley and Batroun
69
What region is directly south of Sterea Ellada?
Peloponnese
70
What red grape originated on the island of Lemnos but is no longer important on the island?
Limnio
71
What are the cepage requirements for Egri Bikaver?
Must be a blend of at least three grapes, including Kekfrankos. Other authorized grapes include Zweigelt, Cab Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, and a whole slew of native grapes.
72
What is the name of the prince who first delimited regions in Tokaj?
Prince Rakoczy
73
What producer is responsible for 65% of Santorini's production?
Santo Wines, a cooperative
74
Name three indigenous Croatian grapes.
Graševina, Grk, Malvazija Istarska, Pošip, Plavac Mali
75
What is Retsina?
An aromatized white wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin.
76
What are the 3 PDO regions of the Peloponnese that can make dry wine? What grape is prominent in each?
Nemea — Agiorgitiko
Mantinia — Moschofilero
Patras — Roditis
77
Where is Thirasia?
Thirasia is the other inhabited isle of the Santorini PDO, along with Thera (aka Santorini)
78
What are the 2 levels of PDO wines in Greece?
AOC/OPE -- Controlled Appellation of Origin
| AOSQ/OPAP -- Appellation of Superior Quality
79
What style of sweet wine is produced in the Santorini PDO?
"Vinsanto" = dried grape wine from Assyrtiko (min. 51%), plus Athiri and Aidani
80
East to West: Primorska, Podravska, Posavska
Podravska, Posavska, Primorska
81
"Grand Reserve" on a PDO Greek wine means what aging requirements for red/white wine?
whites -- min. 2 years (at least 1 year in barrel, 6 months in bottle)
reds -- min. 4 years (at least 18 months in barrel, 18 months in bottle)
82
Who makes “601”?
Achaia Clauss, their Mavrodaphne of Patras
83
What two grapes would you find in a wine released under the Goumenissa PDO? Where is it?
Xinomavro w/ min. 20% Negoska; Macedonia
84
Name the five regions of Bulgaria.
Danubian Plain, Thracian Lowlands, Black Sea Region, Struma River Valley, Rose Valley
85
What is Europe's largest lake and where is it?
Lake Balaton, Transdanubia in Hungary
86
When was the last major eruption in Santorini?
17th century BCE
87
What PDOs of Crete may make only dry wine?
Archanes (dry red from Kotsifali + Mandilaria)
Peza (dry red and white from Vilana and Kotsifali + Mandilaria)
Candia (dry red and white from Vilana and Kotsifali + Mandilaria)
88
What is the product of refermenting wine with the spent lees of Tokaji Aszú called?
Máslás
89
Name three PDOs that authorize Roditis for production?
Patras, Anchialos, Slopes of Meliton
90
What is the full name of Tokaj?
Tokaj-Hegyalja (Tokaj Foothills)
91
AOC/OPE is a PDO status reserved for _______.
Traditional sweet wines
92
What does "Palaiomenos se vareli" mean on a bottle of Greek wine marked "Cava" "Reserve" or "Grand Reserve"?
Oak aging exceeds minimum requirements
93
Name three villages of Tokaj.
Tarcal, Mad, Mezozombor, Bodrogkerestur, Tolcsva, Tokaj
94
What changes took place in March 2014 for the production of Tokaji Aszu?
3 and 4 Puttonyos has been eliminated, and the “puttonyos” system abolished altogether. Tokaji Aszu now has to be at least 120 g/L of residual sugar.
95
In what PDOs of Greece do you find Muscat of Alexandria?
Lemnos and Muscat of Lemnos
96
The Tokaj region of Hungary is at the confluence of what two rivers?
Tisza and Bodrog
97
True or False: wines of Nemea can only be dry?
False, they can be dry or sweet.
98
What are the main soils of Hungary?
15. Who created the first Hungarian classification? How did it work? how many vineyards are classified?
Prince Rákóczy / 3 levels = 1st, 2nd, 3rd / 1772
74, 27 villages
Great Plain = loess and sand
Lake Balaton = complex mix of basalt volcanic rock with clay and sandstone
Balatonfured = limestone and slate
Tokaj = volcanic with top soil of decayed lava
99
Where is Mount Athos?
Macedonia; near Slopes of Meliton
100
What were the three main wines of Greece that were exported post WWII?
Retsina, Mavrodaphne of Patras, and Samos
101
Why does malolactic fermentation rarely occur in Santorini?
There is hardly any remaining malic acid in the grapes when they’re harvested and the low pH precludes occurrence as well
102
What two regions on the Greek mainland have no PDO appellations?
Thrace & Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
103
What is the approximate size of a puttony?
25 kg. (approx. 25 L)
104
What do the Greeks call "Thira"?
Santorini
105
What region lies to the west of Thessalia on the Ionian Coast?
Epirus
106
```
Where are the following producers based:
Kir-Yianni
Achaia Clauss
Gai'a --
Hatzidakis
Skouras
Ktima Gerovassiliou
Sigalas
Domaine Carras
```
```
Kir-Yianni -- Naoussa, Macedonia
Achaia Clauss -- Patras, Peloponnese
Gai'a -- Nemea and Santorini
Hatzidakis -- Santorini
Skouras -- northern Peloponnese
Ktima Gerovassiliou -- Thessaloniki PGI, Macedonia
Sigalas -- Santorini
Domaine Carras -- Slopes of Meliton, Macedonia
```
107
Name three main sub-regions of Romania.
```
Crisana + Maramures
Banat
Transylvania Plateau
Hills of Muntenia + Oltenia
Danube Terraces
Hills of Dobrogea
Hills of Moldova
```
108
Name one of Plavac Mali’s parent grapes.
Tribidrag
109
What is the required acquired alcohol range for Tokaj Eszencia and Tokaj Aszu?
Tokaj Eszencia -- 1.2-8%
Aszu -- min. 9%
110
What is the white volcanic ash of Santorini called?
Aspa
111
What style of wine is Eger known for?
Egri Bikavér -- "the bull's blood of Eger"
112
What is another name for Central Greece?
Sterea Ellada
113
Where is the Cotnari DOC and what grape is it known for?
Hills of Moldova, Romania; sweet wine made from the Grasa grape
114
Name three wineries in Israel.
Golan Heights, Galil Mountain, Dalton
115
Where is the Târnave DOC?
Transylvania Plateau, Romania
116
What PGI is commonly used in Santorini?
PGI Cyclades
117
Who makes “Kavalieros”?
Domaine Sigalas, single vineyard Assyrtiko
118
How many liters of finished Tokaji Aszú can be made from 100 kg of Aszú berries?
220 liters
119
Which 2 PDOs in Macedonia produce wines solely from the Xinomavro grape?
Naoussa & Amynteo
120
T or F: Lemnos PDO wines must be dry.
False: Lemnos PDO wines can be dry to medium sweet, as well as made in sweeter sun-dried (liastos) and fortified versions.
121
Give the Croatian synonyms for Zinfandel.
Tribidrag and Crljenak Kašstelanski
122
What is Hungary's hottest region? Where is it?
Villany, along the southern Croatian border in Transdanubia.
123
What are the major white and red grapes of the Paros PDO?
Mandilaria -- red
| Monemvassia -- white
124
Name the 6 regions that the Greek mainland is split into?
```
Macedonia
Epirus
Peloponnese
Thessalia (Thessaly)
Thrace
Central Greece (Strea Ellada)
```
125
Name three PDOs of Greece that are authorized for sparkling wine production.
Zitsa (Epirus), Mantinia (Peloponnese), Amynteo (Macedonia)
126
What is the soil type of Santorini?
Poor, volcanic soils on a bedrock of limestone and granite
127
What is nychteri? Where does it get its name?
Nychteri is a style of wine made in Santorini; min. 75% Assyrtiko with Athiri and Aidani, aged for a min. of 3 months. Nychteri means "night" and is called this because it was traditionally pressed at night to limit oxidation.
128
What are the major white and red grapes of the Sitia PDO?
white -- Vilana (min. 70% plus Thrapsathiri)
| red -- Liatiko (with min. 20% Mandilaria)
129
What country is broadly divided into the Istria and Dalmatia zones in its coastal regions?
Croatia
130
The Rapsani PDO is primarily planted to what grape? What grapes is it mandatory to blend with it?
Xinomavro; Krasato & Stavroto
131
Where in Tokaj are the "great first growths" located? What makes these sites particularly desirable?
Szarvas and Mezes Maly are in the southeastern extension of Tokaj, where the town of Tokaj is and where the Tisza and Bodrog meet. The confluence of the rivers provides ideal conditions for the growth of botrytis. The best vineyards have steep aspects and south facing slopes.
132
What PDOs of Crete may only make sweet wine?
Malvasia Candia and Malvasia Sitia
133
Who makes "Megas Oenos" and "Megas Oenos Labrynthos" and what are they?
Skouras in the Peloponnese (PGI Peloponnese); 20% Cabernet Sauvignon and 80% Agiorgitiko; The Labyrynthos was a project started in 1999 by George Skouras when he filled a large barrel with Megas Oenos and would draw out 1/3 of the wine (approx. 300 bottles) every year, and top up with the current vintage. Solera style!
134
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Eszencia and for Aszú (since 2014)?
Eszencia — 27.75%
| Aszú — 19%
135
What is the most planted white grape variety in Greece?
Roditis
136
In what two regions does 80% of Ukraine’s wine production take place in?
Crimea and Odessa
137
Name three countries that border Hungary.
Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria, Romania
138
Semló and the appellations surrounding Lake Balaton are known for what grapes?
White wine from Furmint, Juhfark, and Welschriesling
139
Where is the most Retsina produced?
Central Greece (Sterea Ellada), specifically Attika, the region surrounding Athens.
140
What region of Hungary borders Austria's Burgenland and what grape is grown there?
Sopron; Blaufrankisch (Kékfrankos)
141
What are the most common grapes of Villany?
Bordeaux varieties (especially Cab Franc), Kékfrankos, Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
142
What are the three PDOs of Crete that were approved in 2012? When were the other four approved?
Candia, Malvasia Candia, and Malvasia Sitia were approved in 2012; Dafnes, Archanes, Sitia, and Peza were all established when Greek appellations were first approved in 1971.
143
In what year did Greece see its first appellation classification?
1971
144
What style of wine is made in the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?
Sweet red vin doux natural (from dried grapes or non-dried grapes with the addition of additional grape must)
145
Marri Korinthiaki is a currant grape used for enriching the sugar content of what wine? How much may be used?
Mavrodaphne of Patras; max. 49%
146
In what region of Greece was the first sparkling wine produced?
Mantinia, Peloponnese
147
What does Jegbor refer to in Hungarian Wine?
Ice Wine
148
Who makes Assyrtiko de Mylos?
Hatzidakis, single vineyard, 100 year-old vine Assyrtiko
149
What country is home to the Milestii Mici ("Golden Collection") -- the largest wine collection in the world?
Moldova
150
Where did Ernest Toole make wine?
Cephalonia
151
What PDOs of Crete may make dry and sweet wine?
Dafnes (100% Liatiko, dry or sweet red)
| Sitia (dry whites from Vilana and Liatiko-based dry or sweet reds)
152
What is the largest island of the Dodecanese chain?
Rhodes
153
What are the favourable vintages of the 2000s in Tokaj?
2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2013
154
What is the major grape and supporting grapes of the Santorini PDO?
Assyrtiko (min. 75%), sometimes blended with Athiri and Aidani.
155
Name 5 PDO regions of Transdanubia (Dunántúl) in Hungary.
Szekszárd, Badacsony, Balaton, Somló, Villany, Sopron
156
Where is the PDO Dingač and what grape is it known for?
Dalmatian Coast, Croatia; Plavac Mali
157
What mountain range shelters the Tokaji region?
Carpathian mountains.
158
What are the most planted red and white grapes in Bulgaria?
Red: Cab and Merlot. White: Rkatsiteli and Dimyat
159
Describe the qualities of poor vintages in Tokaj.
- Too late ripening
- Too dry, zero botrytis
- cool and rainy summers
- rain at harvest — rot and dilution
160
What country's Tokajská appellation makes similar wines to Tokaj?
Slovakia
161
What is the difference between tokaj and tokaji?
tokaj = the region; tokaji = the wine BUT the wines from the village of tokaj itself may be called tokaj
162
What are the aging requirements for Tokaji Aszú?
May not be released until January 1, 3 years after harvest. At least 18 months in barrel.
163
What is the most popular red grape on the island of Santorini?
Mavrotragano
164
What grapes compose Egri Bikavér, both historically and in modern day?
Historically - Kadarka. Modern - Kékfrankos, Cab, Cab Franc, Merlot
165
What PDO of Greece is known for continuing to cultivate its grapes on stone terraces?
Samos
166
What Greek grape translates to "acid black"?
Xinomavro
167
What style of Tokaji is made with a mixture of aszú and non-aszú grapes is often oxidative in style, and matured for 2 years in cask, sometimes under a layer of flor?
Tokaji Szamorodni
168
What does "Cava" indicate on a bottle of PGI wine?
white and pink -- 1 year aging with at least 6 months in oak
| red -- 3 year aging with at least 1 year in oak
169
Where does Hungarian oak come from in Hungary?
The Zemplén forest, north of Tokaj, on the Slovakian border
170
What are the only two regions allowed to use "Bikavér" on their labels?
Eger (N. Hungary) and Szekszárd (Transdanubia)
171
The Aegean islands can be found where in relation to the mainland of Greece?
Southeast.
172
What styles of wine can be produced in the Amynteo PDO?
Red and rosé from Xinomavro. Rosé may be sparkling and both can be dry to medium sweet.
173
What is the naturally sweet version of Muscat of Samos called? How is it made and what are the aging requirements?
Samnos Nectar; made similarly to vin de paille -- dried grapes; aged for a min. of 3 years prior to release.
174
What is the maximum residual sugar for Szamorodni, Forditas, and Maslas "szaraz"? What is the minimum residual sugar for Szamordoni, Forditas, and Maslas "edes"?
9 g/L; 45 g/L
175
When is harvest typically in Santorini?
Mid-August (Nychteri and Vinsanto would be later)
176
What is Controliran?
A superior controlled appellation of origin within a DGO (Declared Geographic Origin) in Bulgaria.
177
Is must enrichment or wine sweetening allowed in Tokaj?
No, since the 2014, enrichment, sweeting, and bottling outside of the Tokaj region has been banned.
178
What are the soils like in Tokaj?
Loess and clay with volcanic topsoil.
179
What is the only PDO zone of Epirus, and what kind of wine does it make and from what grape?
Zitsa PDO; dry, semi-sweet, and sparkling wine made from the Debina grape.
180
What are the two most important regions in Northern Hungary?
Tokaj and Eger
181
What PDO is the phrase "blood of the lion"/"blood of Hercules" associated with?
Nemea
182
"Reserve" on a Greek PDO wine means what aging requirements for red & white wine?
whites -- min. 1 year (at least 6 months in barrel, 3 months in bottle)
reds -- min. 2 years (at least 1 year in barrel, 6 months in bottle)
183
What winery was founded in 1997 as a high-end spinoff of Boutari?
Kir-Yianni, Macedonia (holdings in both Amynteo and Naoussa)
184
What are the two Cyclades islands with PDOs?
Santorini and Paros.
185
What are the major white and red grapes of the Peza PDO?
white -- 100% Vilana
| red-- blend of Mandilaria and Kotsifali
186
What is the product of refermenting wine with the pressed paste of Tokaji Aszú called?
Forditás
187
What is the difference between the "varietal" and "table" categories of PGI wines in Greece?
"Varietal" can carry a vintage and variety on the label. "Table" cannot.
188
What are the varietal and aging requirements for Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO?
Must be aged in an oxidative environment for at least 2 years and must at least be 51% Monemvassia. Can only be aged in multiples of 4 years after the original 2 years.
189
In what country are the wines of Massandra made? What style of wine are they known for?
Ukraine, fortified wines
190
What terms describe Tokaji Szamorodni dry and sweet.
száras/édes
191
What country does the wine region Hvratsko Primorje PDO touch?
Slovenia
192
What PDO is a single estate appellation for Domaine Carras? What region is it in?
Slopes of Meliton PDO; Macedonia.
193
What style of wine is made in the Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO.
Sweet wine produced from sun-dried grapes or VDN
194
What does "liastos" mean?
Liastos describes naturally sweet (as opposed to fortified) wine, usually made from sun-dried/straw mat-dried grapes.
195
What PDO is the Tsantali winery most known for?
Rapsani; the only producer with significant vines in the PDO
196
Achaia Clauss is a famous estate for the production of what wine?
Mavrodaphne of Patras.
197
T or F: Muscat of Patras and Muscat of Rio Patras PDOs must be made in a vin doux naturel style.
False, they can be made naturally sweet too and in vin doux liqueur.
198
Why is it possible to produce Tokaj in Slovakia?
2 of the original villages of production were given to slovakia after WWI = name is Tokajasky Vyber
199
What is the largest and southernmost Greek isle?
Crete
200
What styles of wine can be made in the Rhodes PDO? From what grapes?
White, red, rosé, and sparkling (dry to medium sweet) from Athiri and Mandilaria
201
What is Grgić Vina?
Mike Grigch’s estate on the Dalmatian Coast in Croatia
202
Is Retsina a PDO wine?
No, it's a covered by several PGIs
203
What are the aging requirements for Mavrodaphne of Patras?
At least 1 year in wood before release.
204
Name two geographic features that affect the wine-growing regions of Romania?
Black Sea & Carpathian Mountains
205
Messenikola is a PDO in ______ that produces only _______ wine from what grapes?
Thessalia; dry red; Mavro Messenikola, plus Carignan and Syrah
206
What is Demestica?
A Greek grape popularised by Achaia Clauss
207
Name three appellations in Israel.
Galille, Samaria, Samson, Judean Hills, Negev
208
What two regions is Mavrodaphne most prominent in?
Peloponnese and Cephalonia
209
What is the name of the barrel that holds the base wine or must that the puttony of aszú is traditionally added to for Tokaji? How much does it hold?
Gönc (plural: gönci). Approx. 136 L.
210
How long is Grand Reserve Mavrodaphne of Patras aged?
Minimum 7 years, including 3 years in oak
211
What modern organization protects Rakoczy's original classification?
Tokaj Renaissance
212
What are the two main wine regions of the Czech Republic? Which is responsible for 96% of the republic's acreage?
Bohemia and Moravia; Moravia
213
T or F: Red wine is more common in central Transdanubia rather than the extreme north or south?
False: red wine is more common in the extreme north and south of Transdanubia
214
In what country is the PDO Plešivica?
Croatia
215
What is Rubin?
A cross of Nebbiolo and Syrah native to Bulgaria
216
Define Esezencia.
Wine made from free run juice that settles from the Aszú must. Usually these wines take several years to ferment to just 2-3% alcohol.
217
What is Hungary's largest wine region?
Kunság --> mass produced wine
218
What is the most common red grape throughout the Aegean?
Mandilaria.
219
In what PDO is Mount Vermion?
Naoussa
220
What is "meltemia"?
A cooling northern wind on Santorini.
221
What are the three main, overarching wine regions of Hungary?
North Hungary aka Észak Magyarkország, Transdanubia aka Dunántúl (west), Great Plain aka Duna (south)
222
In what country does California winemaker Mike Grgich have a winery?
Croatia
223
What style of wine are Muscat of Lemnos wines?
Sweet wine, either made naturally through sun-dried grapes, VDN, or VDL
224
What is Egri Csillag?
Egri Csillag is a new addition to PDO Eger — a white blend of at least 4 grapes, 50% of the blend must be native grapes.
225
What are the 4 wine producing islands in the Ionian Sea? What is the only one to have PDOs?
Cephalonia, Kerkyra (Corfu), Lefkada, Zakynthos. Cephanolia is the only one to have PDOs.
226
What does Habzo refer to in Hungarian wine?
Sparkling
227
What Greek island accounts for 20% of all Greek wine production?
Crete
228
Name two Hungarian wine regions are on the shores of Lake Balanton.
Badacsony, Balaton-Felvidék, Káli, Balatonfüred-Csopak, Tihany, Balatonboglár, Zara, and Balaton
229
What style of wines can be made in the Lemnos PDO?
White (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet)
Red (dry)
Liastos or VDL
Moschato Alexandrias and Limnio
230
What grapes can be used in the Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO?
Min. 51 Monemvassia, with Assyrtiko, Asproudes, and Kidonista.
231
The Tokaj region is formerly known as what?
Tokaj-Hegyalja or Tokaj "Foothills"
232
What is Greece's coolest appellation?
Amynteo, within Macedonia
233
What style of wine is made in the Archanes PDO?
Dry red only. Mandilaria blended with Kotsifali.
234
What does Aszú translate to?
“Shrivelled”
235
Name three wineries in Lebanon.
Chateau Musar, Kefraya, Massaya
236
What styles of wine are made in the Slopes of Meliton PDO?
Dry white from Roditis and Assyrtiko, with Athiri allowed
| Dry red from Cabernet Sauvignon with Cab Franc and Limnio allowed
237
Patras PDO are dry white wines produced from 100% of what grape?
Roditis
238
Name two producers of Santorini Vinsanto.
Argyrous, Roussos, Gai'a, Gavalas
239
Where is the Isthmus of Corinth?
The Isthmus of Corinth connects the Peloponnese to the mainland.
240
Name two bodies of water that affect the climate of Bulgaria.
Danube River and Black Sea
241
The Greek islands are broadly split into what two groups?
Aegean islands & Ionian islands
242
What are the principal red and white grapes of the Rhodes PDO?
Mandilaria -- red
Athiri -- white
(Min. 70% each)
243
North to south: Monemvassia-Malvasia, Nemea, Patras
Patras, Nemea, Monemvassia-Malvasia (this is also west to east)
244
What are the required grapes of the Goumenissa PDO? What region is it in?
Xinomavro w/ at least 20% Negoska; Macedonia
245
What is the southernmost PDO in Europe?
Crete
246
What is the most planted grape in Crete?
Vilana
247
What is kataboladi?
The Greek term for layering/provignage, the method of replanting kouloura vines
248
North to south: Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania
Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria
249
In the Muscat of Samos PDO, Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains is known as what?
Moscato Aspro
250
What three grapes are in Chateau Musar’s flagship red? White?
Red — Cab, Carignan, and Cinsault
| White — Obaideh and Merwah
251
What three grapes have their own PDOs in Cephalonia?
Robola, Mavrodaphne, and Muscat
252
How many wine regions are there total in Hungary?
22
253
What style of wine is made on the Malvasia Paros PDO?
Fortified or naturally sweet wine from Monemvassia and max. 15% Assyrtiko
254
How are kouloura vines typically replanted?
Layering aka kataboladi, where the grower buries a cane from a living vine to generate a new plant
255
What is Cherno More?
Another name for the Black Sea region in Bulgaria
256
Verdea is similar to what famous wine styles?
Vin Jaune and Sherry
257
What is Fobor?
A historic precursor to Szamorodni in Tokaj, Forbor can be botrytised and dry or sweet. It is not made in an oxidative style.
258
Is irrigation common on Santorini?
Irrigation is illega and prohibitively expensive
259
What two regions of Hungary can legally produce Bikavér?
Eger and Szekszárd
260
What is zoldveltelini?
GV in Hungary
261
Place from west to east: Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia
Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary
262
What is Verdea?
A PGI "Traditional Appellation" for oxidative white wine produced on the island of Zakyntnos in the Ionian Sea.
263
What PGI would you find in the same area as the Slopes of Meliton PDO?
Halkidiki
264
What grape translates to 'black laurel'?
Mavrodaphne
265
What are the white and red varietals used by Domaine Carras in the Slopes of Meliton PDO?
red -- Cab, Cab Franc, Limnio
| white -- Assyrtiko, Athiri, and Roditis
266
Name three countries whose vineyards are affected by the Black Sea.
Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova
