Sources of Prejudice

Question 1

Define ‘prejudice’

Answer 1

A negative attitude and affective response toward a group and its individual members

Question 2

Overtime prejudice can be _______

Answer 2

internalized

Question 3

Stereotypes

Answer 3

Beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of members of particular groups

Question 4

Are there differences in response to stereotype activation?

Answer 4

Yes. Non-prejudice people know the stereotype of a group but they cognitively override that stereotype

Question 5

Finding of the study that looked at stereotype use based on circadian rhythm

Answer 5

When we are cognitively fatigue it becomes more difficult to override stereotypes

Question 6

Discrimination

Answer 6

Behavioural consequence of prejudice and stereotyping. Unfair treatment of members of a particular group based on their membership in that group

Question 7

2 subtle forms of racism

Answer 7

1) Modern racism

2) Aversive racism

Question 8

Modern racism has three main ideas:

Answer 8

1. Denial that there is continuing discrimination
2. Resentment for equal treatment
3. Resentment about concessions made to the disadvantaged

Question 9

Main idea of modern racism

Answer 9

People who would score high on modern racism would not view themselves as racist

Question 10

Aversive racism

Answer 10

Rejecting explicitly racist beliefs but being prejudice against racial groups. Will not discriminate when it is clear but will when it is less clear.

Question 11

Why do researchers use the implicit association test (IAT)

Answer 11

Because people will not admit to subtle racism or racism at all since it is not socially desirable

Question 12

IAT on stereotype of males and females

Answer 12

Easier to pair weak words with female names and strong words with male names

Question 13

Although people might show evidence for implicit stereotypes that does not mean…

Answer 13

they endorse it. They simply just are aware it exists

Question 14

Even if group creation is random…

Answer 14

the groups will still show in-group favouritism

Question 15

Economic perspective: Realistic conflict theory

Answer 15

Hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources. Leads to resentment on both advantaged and disadvantaged groups

Question 16

Motivational perspective: Social identity theory

Answer 16

People favour in-groups to enhance their own self-esteem

Question 17

If people receive a drop in their self-esteem they are motivated to maintain their self-esteem by…

Answer 17

derogating out-group member(s)

Question 18

Motivational perspective: Frustration-aggression theory

Answer 18

People are more likely to derogate out-groups under conditions that are frustrating. Even if the cause of frustration is unrelated to the out-group

Ex; price of cotton and violence against African Americans

Question 19

Cognitive perspective: Cognitive misers

Answer 19

Using stereotypes as heuristics to simplify our social worlds

Question 20

Accentuation of in-group similarity and out-group differences

Answer 20

Overestimation of actual differences between in-group and out-group

Question 21

Out-group homogeneity effect

Answer 21

Overestimate of how similar all the out-group members are. View in-group as diverse and variable

Question 22

Illusory correlations

Answer 22

Members of minority groups are distinctive and so are negative events. Therefore people are likely to remember negative events enacted by minority members

Question 23

Subtyping

Answer 23

Person sees certain members that violate stereotype but maintain stereotype and state that those members are a “special case”

Question 24

If people are very extreme outliers it is easier to…

Answer 24

subtype them

Question 25

If people are moderate outliers we…

Answer 25

revise stereotype

Question 26

The greater the example deviated from the stereotype the ___ likely it is to cause stereotype change and the _____ likely it is to subtype

Answer 26

less, more

Question 27

Revising a stereotype is very _____

Answer 27

taxing