Aggression

Question 1

Define ‘aggression’

Answer 1

Physical or verbal behaviour INTENDED to hurt someone. Even if harm does not occur.

Question 2

Hostile aggression

Answer 2

Hurting someone else because we are angry

Question 3

Instrumental aggression

Answer 3

Hurting someone else to achieve some other purpose

Question 4

Problems with interpreting non-experimental findings on aggression

Answer 4

Reverse causality and spurious correlations (third variables)

Question 5

Nature perspective on aggression

Answer 5

Evolutionary advantages to those who were more aggressive, testosterone, serotonin

Question 6

Violent criminals have ______ serotonin levels

Answer 6

lower

Question 7

Nurture perspective on aggression

Answer 7

Social learning theory (Bandura) and parental mistreatment

Question 8

Tendency to physically aggress is more pronounced in _____

Answer 8

males

Question 9

Why are men more physically aggressive from an evolutionary perspective?

Answer 9

Men were more likely to be hunters and protectors because they were bigger and stronger

Question 10

Why are men more physically aggressive from a sociocultural perspective?

Answer 10

Boys are given toys that are more aggressive and less likely to be punished for aggressive behaviour in relation to girls

Question 11

Relational aggression is more pronounced in _____

Answer 11

females

Question 12

When individuals are provoked the typical gender difference ________

Answer 12

decreases

Question 13

Violence within _____ is one exception to the tendency that men are more aggressive than women

Answer 13

romantic relationships

Question 14

Culture of honour

Answer 14

Belief that one’s honour needs to be protected.

• Strong concerns about reputation
• Sensitivity to insults
• Use violence to avenge perceived wrongs

Question 15

_______ states are classified as cultures of honour

Answer 15

southern

Question 16

Frustration-aggression theory

Answer 16

Frustration is the best determinant of aggression. When our goals are blocked we will react aggressively

Question 17

Critique of the frustration-aggression theory

Answer 17

When our goals are blocked we can also respond by giving up (learned helplessness theory)

Question 18

Neo-associationistic account of aggression

Answer 18

Revised frustration-aggression theory. When we have an aversive event, we become angered, and are likely to aggress

Question 19

Relative deprivation theory

Answer 19

Perception that individuals (or their social group) have less than they deserve. Can lead to aggression

Question 20

People have a strong need to belong and when they are rejected they can react ______

Answer 20

aggressively

Question 21

Correlation between heat and aggression

Answer 21

Increased hostility and arousal. Misattribution of arousal

Question 22

The weapons effect

Answer 22

The presence of weapons can act as a cue that can cause violence

Question 23

Catharsis effect

Answer 23

Original hypothesis that watching violent T.V lets people indirectly act out their violent impulses which makes them less aggressive in real life

Question 24

Selection effects

Answer 24

Watching violent media increases aggression VS being aggressive increases the likelihood of watching violent media

Question 25

Experimental evidence on media violence and behaviour

Answer 25

Watching violent media affects behaviour - causal relationship

Question 26

“Numbing effect” of media violence

Answer 26

Watching many instances of violence in the media causes people to believe it is normal - desensitization

Question 27

4 ways in which we can reduce aggression

Answer 27

Problem solving and communication skills

Defusing anger through apology

Modelling nonaggressive behaviour

Building empathy